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Veterinary science has been a part of the curriculum of Washington State University from the institution's beginning in 1890. Within seven years, veterinary science expanded from one course to become a major division: the School of Veterinary Science. Upon completion of a three year program, the first class of Doctors of Veterinary Medicine were graduated in 1902. The school was designated the College of Veterinary Science in 1916, and the program of study was extended to four years. In 1925 the title was altered to the College of Veterinary Medicine. Reorganization in 1945 made the Veterinary College a subdivision of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, however during the 1960's the College regained its autonomy. Presently the College of Veterinary Medicine is comprised of the departments of (1) Anatomy, Pharmacology/ Toxicology, and Physiology, (2) Clinical Medicine and Surgery, and (3) Microbiology and Pathology as well as five special programs.

Classes in veterinary medicine have been taught at Washington State University since the institution's beginning. In 1899 the veterinary program was organized into the School of Veterinary Science, and the granting of professional degrees for a three-year program in veterinary medicine was introduced. The first graduating class, consisting of two individuals, received their degrees in 1902. In 1906 the degree program expanded from three to four years of study.

Beginning in 1908 senior veterinary students were taught at a clinic in Spokane, where they could receive more practical experience, while all other students were taught in Pullman. This arrangement continued until 1923 when all teaching facilities and staff were brought to Pullman. In 1917, as a result of President E. O. Holland's reorganization of the institution, the School of Veterinary Science became the College of Veterinary Science. The name was altered to the College of Veterinary Medicine in 1925. In the 1930's the degree program was expanded to five years of study. Reorganization in 1944 made the College of Veterinary Medicine a subdivision of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences until, due to pressure from local and national veterinary organizations, the College regained its autonomy in 1950.

In 1979, in partnership with the University of Idaho, Montana State University and Utah State University, the Washington-Oregon-Idaho Regional Program in Veterinary Medical Education is formed, allowing students from various western states access to a veterinary medical education, without paying out-of-state tuition.

The School completed a new 110,000 square foot Veterinary Teaching Hospital in 1996. And in 2012 the Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health was created, committed to developing innovative strategies for the treatment and control of diseases that directly affect public health, economic development, and human opportunity.

A more extensive history of the College of Veterinary Medicine can be found in: Harriman, Peter, Pettit, Ghery D, Washington State University. College of Veterinary Medicine. "First Century: a Centennial History." Pullman: Washington State University; 1998.