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Black Oral History Interviews, 1972-1974

Overview of the Collection

Title
Black Oral History Interviews
Dates
1972-1974 (inclusive)
Quantity
0.5 Linear feet of shelf space, (1 Box)
Collection Number
CT 2 (collection)
Summary
This collection consists of 44 oral history interviews with black pioneers and their descendants throughout Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. Topics include early black settlers, job opportunities, living patterns, black churches, and black political involvement from the late 1800s through 1974.
Repository
Washington State University Libraries' Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections (MASC)
Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections
Terrell Library Suite 12
Pullman, WA
99164-5610
Telephone: 509-335-6691
mascref@wsu.edu
Access Restrictions

This collection is open and available for research use.

Languages
English
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Historical Note

The Washington State University Black Studies Department was provided with $1500 in university funds in the summer of 1972 to begin preliminary research on sources of black history in the Pacific Northwest. Since it seemed that few African Americans in the region left a written record of themselves, important information was passed on from one generation to the next by word of mouth.

The information obtained was used as source material for KWSU-TV's documentary series "South by Northwest" and also served as primary source material for the doctoral dissertation of the main interviewer, Quintard Taylor, "A History of Blacks in the Pacific Northwest, 1788-1970," completed at the University of Minnesota in 1977.

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Content Description

This collection consists of 44 oral history interviews, on 50 audiocassettes, with black pioneers and their descendants throughout Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. The interviews were conducted by Quintard Taylor, with associates Charles Ramsay and John Dawkins. Topics include early black settlers, job opportunities, living patterns, black churches, and black political involvement from the late 1800s through 1974. Most of the interviews follow a standard set of questions.

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Use of the Collection

Alternative Forms Available

These interviews have been digitized, and are available online as the Black Oral History Interviews Collection..

Restrictions on Use

Copyright restrictions apply.

Preferred Citation

[Item Description]

Black Oral History Interviews, 1972-1974 (CT 2)

Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University Libraries, Pullman, WA.

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Administrative Information

Arrangement

The tapes are arranged alphabetically by interviewee. An exception occurs where two interviewees were recorded on the same cassette (numbers 3 and 4), making 44 interviews on 50 tapes.

Location of Collection

(MASC STAFF USE) Range 3-4

Acquisition Information

The interviews were transferred to the WSU Libraries from the WSU AudioVisual Listening Lab in January and May, 1978 (MS 1978.03).

Processing Note

Margot H. Knight abstracted these interviews in June, 1979.

Related Materials

Washington State University Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Celebration Records, 1995-2020 (Archives 407)

Preliminary Guide to the Talmadge Anderson Heritage House Collection of Audio-Visual Recordings, 1949-2009 (UA 2023-02)

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Detailed Description of the Collection

  • Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks

    Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Banks--porter, post office; Mrs. Banks--coat checker

    Birthdate of Interviewee: Mrs. Banks--1894, Mr. Banks---1895

    Geographical Areas Covered: Helena

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Helena, Montana

    Date of Interview: 7/21/73

    Length of Interview: l hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/23/79-5/24/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Mr. Banks came to Helena in 1917 from Alabama. Father a mechanic. Family background. Why he moved to Montana. Cousin in the calvary at Ft. Harrison, Montana. He planned to attend Carroll College but didn't.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0-6
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Lived in Billings for a while. Also stayed in Missoula for a while but there was no social life.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 6-8
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Attended the Southern Christian Institute in Edwards, Mississippi. Talks about playing baseball for them.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8-10
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: He worked at the post office with his cousin for a while and then worked for the Union Bank and Trust Company.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10-11
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: There were quite a few blacks in Helena when he arrived --many were from the Army. Two black churches in Helena. Many other towns in Montana had black residents. Other forts in Montana. Ft. Harrison was mostly black soldiers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 11-17
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Recollections of black social clubs in the area. Al Walton was a black U.S. Marshall from Oklahoma.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17-22
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: The Powers family of Helena were quite powerful. He doesn't remember any outstanding black families. Generally the blacks stuck to themselves.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0-3
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: He has one daughter who lives in Portlad. He doesn't communicate with any other relatives. Other families in Helena.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 3-4
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Not very much in the way of black social activities.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4-5.5
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Worked as a porter in a hotel. No blacks owned or operated hotels that he knew of. Mrs. Banks thinks the cold weather prevented many blacks from settling. operated hotels that he knew of. Mrs. Banks thinks the cold weather prevented many blacks from settl
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5.5-8
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Mrs. Banks was born in Montana--her father was born in Germany and was brought back to Montana by a Montana family. Her mother was French. Her family background.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 8-11
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Most blacks in Helena were brought as servants by white families. Many blacks left during winter. There was no difference in social life between blacks and whites. Black businesses in town. One black newspaper called The Plain Dealer.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 11-13
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Joe Clark's Tonsorial Parlor and also did charocaty (dentist) work and massage work. More about Al Walton, the marshall.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 13-15
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Prominent blacks in Helena--she remembers the C.W. Dorseys; Gladys Alexander became an opera singer. Taylor Gordon, a black singer from White Sulphur Springs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: She worked checking wraps at the Montana Club. How they met. Black churches in Helena.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: She thinks most blacks in Helena now work as bartenders. There is also janitorial work available although there are not many blacks left in Helena.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 20 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Generally the blacks voted for whoever they thought the best man was. Doesn't recall any blacks running for office.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Many blacks moved away from Montana. Job opportunities for blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: His work for the highway department.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: They don't know any blacks in nearby towns. She talks about why blacks don't seem to settle in the area. They knew some of the calvarymen in Billings. No segregation of schools.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: Limited contact with Indians. Legend of York, a black settler who came with Lewis and Clark. Pompey's Pillar.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks
    • Description: They talk about their feelings about Montana and what their lives have been like. She likes the freedom of the West. He talks about his work at the Capitol Post Office. Cold weather.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Banks

  • Series CT 2/3: Flowers Sisters (Mabel, Myrtle)

    Occupation of Interviewee: nurse, actress

    Geographical Areas Covered: Portland area

    Interviewer: Unknown

    Location of Interview: Portland, Oregon

    Date of Interview: September, 1974

    Length of Interview: 30 min.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/24/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Interview with an older woman about going to Jamaica for sugarcane. Talks about her mother and her marriage to a Portuguese man who was killed.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/3: Flowers Sisters (Mabel, Myrtle)
    • Description: Her father owned an oyster house in Astoria. His name was Roscoe Lee Dixon. Father's background. One of the sisters was born in 1894. She attended the Pacific School. The other sister attended the Ranier School. Other schooling.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/3: Flowers Sisters (Mabel, Myrtle)
    • Description: One became a nurse and tells how she got interested in it. Attended nursing school in San Francisco, graduating in 1915. Trouble getting work.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/3: Flowers Sisters (Mabel, Myrtle)
    • Description: The other sister talks about getting into the theatre at the age of 17 as a singer and dancer. She traveled for three years on the Orpheum circuit. Story about Mrs. Walker, her boss and Oscar Hammerstein.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/3: Flowers Sisters (Mabel, Myrtle)
    • Description: Other sister talks about getting nursing work. Their parents. Attending Catholic school in Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/3: Flowers Sisters (Mabel, Myrtle)
    • Description: A third sister talks about attending nursing school in Washington, D.C. Myrtle worked as a lab technician at Aberdeen Hospital.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/3: Flowers Sisters (Mabel, Myrtle)

  • Series CT 2/4: Kathelyn Bogle

    Interviewer: Unknown (2 monologue)

    Location of Interview: Portland, Oregon

    Date of Interview: 9/10/74

    Length of Interview: 6 min.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/24/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: She tells the story of her husband's grandfather Richard W. Bogle who came to the Northwest in 1835 or so. Ran away from Jamaica at age twelve to New York. Wagon train West. Story of the Waldo family.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0-5
      Location: Series CT 2/4: Kathelyn Bogle
    • Description: Richard W. Bogle married America Waldo, an enslaved woman owned by the Waldo's. She talks about their children and their accomplishments.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5-6
      Location: Series CT 2/4: Kathelyn Bogle

  • Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner

    Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Buckner-janitor, Mrs. Buckner-housewife

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Boise, Idaho

    Date of Interview: 6/5/73

    Length of Interview: 54 min.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/24/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: She has been in Boise since 1909. Born in Pueblo, Colorado. He came to Idaho in 1923. Family back-- grounds. How his family came out west from Missouri.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: How her folks came out west from Georgia and Tennessee. Her father was a Baptist minister. Church activities in the Boise area. Her father's home became a Negro church. Eventually a church was built. Talks about the various churches in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: There were no social clubs in the area that she remembers. Blacks lived throughout Boise. Many blacks owned their own places. There was not much social life except for visiting.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: Black businesses in Boise. She talks about the schools she attended. Talks about Jimmy Terrell who has done real well for himself.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: They have no contact with relatives in the South. Other contacts with relatives. Recollections of other black families they knew in Boise.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: Entertainment. Barbecues. She talks about chataquas that came through. Clothing styles.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: He talks about his work as a janitor for the Boise Overland Auto agency. Other janitorial jobs. Many blacks worked as waiters. Tom Brown owned a cleaning store in 1910 or so.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: He says blacks were generally Republican until recently. Their son ran for City Council but lost. She is a board member of the YWCA.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: Where blacks have moved to from Boise. Blacks in surrounding towns.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: Blacks had some contact with Mexicans, Chinese and Indians in the area. Many black soldiers around during World War II.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: They read the Chicago Defender and the Jet. They don't recall any black newspapers in the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner
    • Description: They talk about their feelings about their lives in Boise. He thinks feelings have changed towards the blacks. The Chinese restaurants wouldn't serve blacks. Talk about some of the younger blacks. She's tired of Boise a little; it's hard to get music for
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 24
      Location: Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Buckner

  • Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase

    Geographical Areas Covered: Spokane

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Spokane, WA

    Date of Interview: 11/2/72

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/24/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Family background--her father came from Mississippi to Spokane in 1890. He worked as a printer. Her uncle printed The Citizen. Her grandfather established the Calvary Baptist Church in Spokane. Several of her relatives were involved in owning and operatin
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: More about her father and the newspaper business. He was active in Masonic affairs, also.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: Social conditions for blacks during her father's lifetime. Many blacks worked at the railroad station, the hotels, and the Spokane Club, a men's social club. Many had to work two jobs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: Her mother's family came from Maryland. Her grandfather was a barber in Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: Black politicians in the Pacific Northwest. Mr. Chase talks about why he came out to Spokane in 1934--there was more opportunity than in Texas. Change in attitude towards blacks and blacks themselves over the past 10 years. Hotel and restaurant accommodat
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: Planning for the conditions of blacks in the city. They would record how they were treated at various places in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: He owns and operates a body and fender company. Other Negro businesses in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: Church work. She was involved with many of the churches in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: Black organizations in town. Federation of Colored Women's Club.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 2 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: They do not maintain much contact with relatives. Recollections of famous blacks from Spokane. Touring church singers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: The Seattle Enterprise. The NAACP started in 1918 in Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: Discussion about black Episcopalian colleges in the East.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: He talks about his decision to run for City Council in 1969. Spokane is very conservative and he advocated getting Federal aid. Talks about the campaign. He thinks he indirectly helped the City Council to establish the Housing Authority.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: More about black businesses in town. The Civil Rights movement has really helped blacks. Discussion about the distinction that many whites make between black pioneers and blacks that have come out more recently. There are many more opportunities for black
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase
    • Description: Not many social outlets for blacks in Spokane. Many activities were integrated.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James Chase

  • Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow

    Occupation of Interviewee: housewife

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1895

    Geographical Areas Covered: Portland

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Portland, Oregon

    Date of Interview: 7/20/73

    Length of Interview: 25 min.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/28/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: She came to Portland in 1936 when she was married, from Richmond, Virginia. Talks about her husband's family from Texas. Courtship and marriage.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow
    • Description: Mount Olivet Baptist Church, the largest black church in Portland.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow
    • Description: Blacks were scattered throughout the town although all the black churches were in Montibelo. Many owned their own homes.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow
    • Description: Attended University of Oregon from 1937-1941. Active blacks in the community. Civil rights workers, Her husband's involvement in the NAACP.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow
    • Description: She hasn't maintained many contacts with relatives. Other black families in Portland. Recreation. Politics.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow
    • Description: More on residential patterns of blacks in Portland. Albina. Read the Chicago Defender, Black newspapers in Portland.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow
    • Description: Feelings about living in Portland-its advantages and disadvantages.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow
    • Description: Husband's involvement with the Urban League. The church women organized a club to help blacks get served in restaurants.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow

  • Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret Cogwell

    Occupation of Interviewee: restaurant owner, farm wife

    Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Seattle, WA

    Date of Interview: 9/29/72

    Length of Interview: 30 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/28/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: She came from Newton, Kansas in 1910. Family back-- ground. How she came to Seattle. She ran a little restaurant on Seneca for a couple of years.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret Cogwell
    • Description: Moved south of Olympia to Rochester in 1919--they raised strawberries, turkeys, and cucumbers. They farmed there until 1953 when she returned to Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret Cogwell
    • Description: Black churches in Seattle. Her husband's family background. Work on the farm. She talks about her children.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret Cogwell
    • Description: Most of the blacks lived in East Madison in Seattle in 1910. Most owned their homes. Well-known black families in Seattle. Black businesses. Visited- with relatives in Texas often.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret Cogwell
    • Description: Entertainment--dances, church, picnics. Lodges in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret Cogwell
    • Description: Her husband worked on the roads for the city. Blacks in Olympia. Mr. Barnette, who had a band, has a local park named after him.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret Cogwell
    • Description: Her feelings about how children are raised differently nowadays.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret Cogwell

  • Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman

    Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Coleman--minister; Mrs. Coleman--schoolteacher

    Birthdate of Interviewee: Mrs. Coleman--1903

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Pasco, WA

    Date of Interview: 12/7/72-12/8/72

    Length of Interview: 2 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/28/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Her family background, From Mississippi and came to Washington in 1916. Her father worked for the rail-- road. Other blacks in Pasco. Most lived in railroad cars on the east side of town. Then they went to California and Chicago. Life in Chicago. They ret
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: They married in 1927. She was the first colored girl to graduate from Pasco High School (1924). She almost married a foot doctor. Her experiences teaching school.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: There were no black farmers in the area. Other black families in the area. He was from Chicago and came out to Pasco in 1944. He worked as a cook for the railroad in 1915 or s-o. The Great Northern paid more than the Pullman Company. He then went into the
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: He bought property in Pasco in the 30's but didn't move there. He talks about his businesses in Seattle- he was the first Negro general contractor in Washington. Experiences working in Denver in 1920--there was trouble working with whites.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: Their marriage. She had attended Whitman College. More about his businesses in Seattle and his associates. How he got his hardware business. Two colored lawyers in Seattle. He lost a lot of money on the hardware store.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: Working as a contractor. The unions didn't like coloreds working in certain areas of town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: They returned to Pasco in 1944. He had pastored a rescue mission in Olympia until 1938 when the Lord told him he was evangelistic. They traveled contin-- uously until the gas rationing. Then he worked in order to get gas stamps.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: They built a home on their property in Pasco in 1943. He established the first black church in 1944 on the request of white ministers in town. Many were coming into town for the Hanford project. Problems with building the church because he wanted to build
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: His activities with the Missionary Pentecostal Asso-- ciation until 1944. They worked more with white people than with colored when they were travelling evangelists. Black churches throughout the West.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: More about his church and other churches in Pasco. He ran his church until 1949. In 1944 through the NAACP and the Urban League they tried to get restaurants to serve blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: More about the NAACP. The whites in town wanted all the minorities on the east side of the RR tracks. The problems he had trying to build on the west side. Troubles with his lawyers.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: Talks about the land he owned and who he sold it to. Talks about his relatives.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: He has never been involved with politics. A rich man and a politician have no place in heaven. More about problems building in Pasco. He had a cafe in town, too, and fed some of the black workers on the Hanford project. Problems getting paid. Other proper
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: Selling his property after the war. He refused to buy property on the east side of the tracks on principle.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: Talks about the railroad and working with Turner, a redcap. Other families in the area. Her parents owned property in Pasco, too.
      Container: Tape 2, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman
    • Description: More about their evangelism in mostly white churches. Black churches in Seattle. Growth of black churches in the Northwest. Black evangelists. The Pentecostals often criticized other religions. He talks about his own religious ideas.
      Container: Tape 2, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 29
      Location: Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam Coleman

  • Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig

    Occupation of Interviewee: first black public schoolteacher in Washington

    Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle area

    Interviewer: Charles Ramsay

    Location of Interview: Seattle, WA

    Date of Interview: 1/18/73

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/30/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: She came to Seattle from Texas in 1947 to do graduate work at University of Washington. She was an only child. Schooling in Texas. Family background. Talks about her teaching in Texas.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: The black church in Seattle. Communists organizations. NAACP and the Urban League were connected with the church.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Travelling on the train first-class from Dallas. Problems with discrimination.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Other black organizations she worked with. Clubs in the area. More blacks lived in the central area. Not many owned property; most blacks weren't born in Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Black businesses in Seattle. Black undertaker did a good job. She and her husband lived in a large mansion in Seattle that another woman owned. Church club meetings in the house.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Problem with a woman who thought the first black teacher in the area should have been from Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Teaching in the Seattle area. Not many blacks went on to college.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 24
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Discrimination towards her while at the University of Washington. A black had never taught a white child in Seattle. Recommendations for her first job.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 24 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: More about teaching. Clothing styles in the 401s. She was always "smartly dressed." other blacks who dressed well.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Sports activities that blacks participated in. Enter-- tainment included private parties and dances. Blackwell was a famous black-musician from the area. Other black singers and dancers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Teaching union. Trouble with discrimination when going on conventions. Other black teachers hired after her.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Political persuasion was generally Republican among blacks. She was a delegate to several Democratic conventions, Black politicians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: She generally kept up with what other blacks in the area were doing. She feels communication among blacks is better now. She tried to keep up with the black journals and newspapers. She maintained contacts with people she worked with in the South.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Negroes feelings towards other minorities and vice versa. Organizations she has worked for.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig
    • Description: Her feelings about living in Seattle and the cooperation blacks have received. Discipline in the schools has been a problem.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 29
      Location: Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma DeWittig

  • Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 4/12/85

    Geographical Areas Covered: Butte, Montana

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Butte, Montana

    Date of Interview: 4/4/74

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/31/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Born in Virginia near where Lee surrendered. Story of her aunt being visited by Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant. Family background.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 1 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: She traveled from Philadelphia with a couple as a servant in 1905. She stayed in Butte because she met her future husband.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: She worked at the Four Jacks Club as a waitress. Other jobs. Two black churches when she moved to Butte, a Methodist and a Baptist. Other Negro social clubs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Black businesses. Blacks were employed throughout the city. Frank Castle, the black policeman.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Well-known blacks in Butte. Her family and their accomplishments. She maintains contact with relatives in Virginia.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 20
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Other black families in Butte. Sports activities. Black baseball team. Black musicians. Charlie Pride is from Montana.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: NAACP Chapter in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 27 - 29
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Her husband was a foot specialist.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 29 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: She talks about her husband's work. She reads from an article about him.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Jobs other blacks had in town--janitors, waiters, porters. Many were personal servants of wealthy mine owners.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: The black servants were generally well-treated by their white employers. Names of some of the rich families. Blacks who worked in local government.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Why black people moved out of Butte. Many went to work in the shipping yards in WW II.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Blacks in surrounding areas. Publications they read to keep up with black activities in other places. Her daughter talks a bit about working for the Amsterdam News.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Blacks interactions with other minorities in Butte. Other black newspapers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
    • Description: Feelings about living in Butte. Her daughter also talks about life in Butte.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan

  • Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan

    Occupation of Interviewee: podiatrist

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1909

    Geographical Areas Covered: Butte

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Butte, Montana

    Date of Interview: 4/3/74

    Length of Interview: 50 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/31/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Family background. How his parents came to Butte. His father was a podiatrist.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: Two black churches in Butte until 1928 when many blacks moved away from Butte.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: Black Mason organization. Other black social clubs. Most of the blacks lived in the central part of town. Many owned their own property.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: Black businesses in Butte. His father owned a barbershop for a while.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: His schooling in Butte. Schoolmates and their accomplishments. His children and their accomplish-- ments. Maintains contacts with relatives in Wash-- ington, D.C.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: Black sports activities and well-known athletes. Black baseball teams in the late 20's and early 30's. Other entertainment for blacks. Musicians, singers, and dancers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 24
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: More about his father's education and professions. National organization for podiatrists.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 24 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: Organizations he belongs to. He remembers most blacks as Democrats. Not many black politicians. Other jobs blacks did.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: Talks about why the black population has decreased in Butte. He feels it is partly due to prejudice. Not many black miners until WW II. Pit mining. Places blacks moved--many went to the shipyards in Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: Blacks in surrounding towns. He thought about passing his race by. His mother kept him up with black acti-- vities in other places. Talks about his schooling.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: He was impressed by Jelly Roll Morton and Louis Armstrong as a child. Associations with other minorities; underworld Chinese.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
    • Description: His feelings about living in Butte. Several factions of blacks in Butte.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan

  • Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning

    Occupation of Interviewee: postman

    Birthdate of Interviewee: February, 1882

    Geographical Areas Covered: Centralia

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor and ?

    Location of Interview: Centralia, WA

    Date of Interview: 8/24/72

    Length of Interview: 30 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 5/31/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Talks about George Washington, a local pioneer. He was raised by a black woman in Michigan. Other blacks in Centralia; Stacy Kunos.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning
    • Description: Talks about William Bryan and his wife who were early pioneers. Other blacks in his neighborhood.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning
    • Description: Talks about coming West. The railroad started in 1889. Immigrant trains. His schooling.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning
    • Description: George Washington's wife was white. Stories of Washington's early life. The story is that he was poisoned by whites. Washington was involved with the church but not in politics. He was the richest man in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning
    • Description: George Bush, another pioneer in the area. Washington died in 1935. More about George Washington and his children.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning
    • Description: Talks about Centralia-The First 50 Years. Other blacks in Centralia; there are none in Centralia now.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning
    • Description: How George Washington saved the town. He was very generaous in selling the land he owned. He was part Jewish. Talks about some of the pictures he has.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning
    • Description: George Washington didn't keep much contacts back East although he did take a trip back there once. The town was started in 1890.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 28
      Location: Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning

  • Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman

    Occupation of Interviewee: horsetrainer

    Birthdate of Interviewee: Jan. 7, 1897

    Geographical Areas Covered: Clarkston, WA; Montana

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Clarkston, WA

    Date of Interview: 6/12/74

    Length of Interview: 1 hr. 10 min

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/4/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Has lived in Clarkston since 1919. Family background. How his parents met and moved to Montana. His father worked with horses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: There were never many blacks in Montana. Talks about the ranch his family lived on in Montana. Mr. Bailey, who became rich with his horse ranch. Story of building a castle for a winning horse.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: He practically grew up on a horse. He was taught to ride race horses. Various jobs his father held. Talks about his work as a trainer. He was too tall to be a jockey. Talks about the savvy it takes to be a jockey. He won races all over the Pacific Northwe
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: During World War I he trained horses for officers at Camp Dodd. He was in the Army until 1919 when he started racing horses professionally. Harness racing in Montana.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Training saddle horses. He always worked by contract. He trained many winning horses. Racing in California.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Training Sea Biscuit in California. Barnyard race horses. The expense of training a racehorse.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Eventually settled in Clarkston in 1919. More about horses he trained in Clarkston. Story of a race in Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Working with the rodeo as a bareback rider. George Fletcher, the rodeo rider. He was part Indian and the judges wouldn't look at him. Being black wasn't a problem.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Talks about his wife, a Umatilla-French woman who died during childbirth. His son is also dead.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Work with the Lewiston Saddle Club. He has trained lots of kids to ride. His philosophy about teaching. He worked for the saddle club from 1940 to 1954 or so.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Other jobs he worked--porter, part-time help window washing.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Here the tape becomes distorted and is difficult to understand. Relations with other minorities in the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: Other ethnic groups in the area. In California he worked with a lot of Mexicans. Many Indians in the area.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0-2
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: His trick with the nail in his ring to get the horse to run.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 2-3
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman
    • Description: His feelings about living in the Northwest.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3-7
      Location: Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence Freeman

  • Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye

    Geographical Areas Covered: Yakima

    Interviewer: Charles Ramsey

    Location of Interview: Yakima, WA

    Date of Interview: 8/21/72

    Length of Interview: 45 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/5/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: She talks about how much of her history has been lost. Discussion about blacks who lost their black identities when they came West.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: Blacks in Yakima. Family background. Homesteading. He thinks most blacks came out around 1889.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: Talk about Corfu, a black community in the area. General discussion about George Washington and other black families. Story of some blacks who struck gold.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: More talk about migrating blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: Black barbershops in Yakima. He saw possibilities for work in Yakima. How he came to Yakima. All of his brothers eventually came out, too. Other jobs he had.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: Selling black products.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: Talks about his family history. His father was a black- smith. How his father made his own tools. Shows pictures of his family.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: He talks with the two interviewers about where they are from. The name "George Washington" and its popularity among blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: General discussion about friends. She talks about her father and family background.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye
    • Description: They talk about the Mormons and the blacks who accompanied them.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 22
      Location: Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Frye

  • Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton

    Birthdate of Interviewee: Oct. 18, 1938

    Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle

    Interviewer: Unknown

    Location of Interview: Seattle, WA

    Date of Interview: 8/7/73

    Length of Interview: 50 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/5/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Family background. Father born in Seattle, mother from Nashville. Talks about growing up in Seattle. Parents worked for the post office. Other jobs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Black churches. YMCA and YWCA. Other social activities. Famous black performers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: The Hendrix family. Other social clubs. Grandfather's activity in Republican Party. Many blacks lined up with leftist concerns.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Father worked at the Black Diamond Coal Mine in what is now Hazelwood. Grandfather moved there in the 20's.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Black businesses in Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Talks about his children. Not many contacts with relatives back East. Other black families in the area. Changes in black fashions.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Sports activities. Carver AC's an all-black baseball team. Other social activities. Black music.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Talks about his job as a lawyer.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Problems blacks had in Seattle. Unions. Jobs available for blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Blacks in politics. Black social clubs and frater-- nities.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Books his family reads to keep up with black activities and history. Black newspapers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Contacts with other minorities.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Thoughts about growing up in Seattle. Most of his friends were white. As he got older he started to realize discrimination against him. Feelings about discrimina-- tion and how difficult it is to deal with.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: He doesn't see Seattle as different from other places in the attitudes towards blacks. He feels more secure back East where there are more blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
    • Description: Talks about his parents and their feelings about being black.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 20 -22
      Location: Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton

  • Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton

    Occupation of Interviewee: post office worker

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1903

    Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Seattle, WA

    Date of Interview: 2/5/74

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/5/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Family background. Early life, high school in Spokane. Attended Howard University in Washington, D.C. in the early 20's. Father was a railroad worker. How his parents got married. There were no good jobs for her parents who both had been schoolteachers i
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: The First African Methodist Episcopal Church in Seattle. Other black churches.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Black social clubs. YMCA and YWCA. The Coleman family.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Most blacks lived in the northern section. Real estate agents who tried to keep all the blacks in one area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Black businesses she recalls. The Gross family. Black community leaders. Rosten and the Marine Association. Names other blacks she remembers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: She didn't maintain contacts with Eastern relatives.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Clothing styles. Describes her wedding dress. Zoot suits.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Black athletes and black teams. It was hard for boys that wanted to play football at University of Washington.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 26 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Famous black musicians and dancers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Talks about her work at the post office and other jobs. Job opportunities for blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 2 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Many blacks turned from Republican to Democratic. Black politicians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Many blacks moved into the area during WW II. Black newspapers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Black political and civil rights organizations. Other minority groups.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Her feelings about the Pacific Northwest and her experiences. She never had trouble finding work.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
    • Description: Talks a bit about the older folks who lived in Seattle. Family structure. More about clothing styles.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton

  • Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris

    Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Harris--shipyard worker, highway worker; Mrs. Harris--house-wife

    Geographical Areas Covered: Portland, OR

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Portland, OR

    Date of Interview: 7/18/73

    Length of Interview: 50 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/6/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: He came to Portland in 1930. She arrived in 1933. Family backgrounds.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: Black Baptist church in Portland. Other black churches. Black Population. Black families. Job opportunities for blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: Black social clubs. Blacks lived in all parts of Portland.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: Vanport was a housing project built by the city,where many blacks lived. Blacks were actively recruited to work in the shipyards. Black businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: NAACP and the Urban League. Black community and business leaders in Portland. When the war started many blacks moved into the community.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: They keep in contact with Eastern relatives.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: He talks about his job working for various oil companies. Entertainment. Famous black singers and dancers. More about black clubs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: Blacks were about equally Republican and Democratic. Black politicians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: Many blacks left Portland. They know a few blacks in other states. How they find out about black activities elsewhere.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: Not too much contact with other minorities.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris
    • Description: Their feelings about living in Portland. Jobs blacks have now.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi Harris

  • Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry

    Occupation of Interviewee: construction worker, railroad worker, hotel owner

    Geographical Areas Covered: Pasco

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Pasco, WA

    Date of Interview: 12/8/72

    Length of Interview: 50 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/6/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: He came to Pasco in 1943 from Kansas. Growth of Pasco. Other black families in town when he arrived. Black churches.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: The East side of town was set aside for Negroes. Most bought their own land. Trailer camps. Black businesses. Many blacks left for jobs elsewhere.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: He was fired in 1943 but eventually got another job. wages and opportunities were better here than in Kansas.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: More about the black churches. Black social clubs. Black businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: Well-known blacks in the community. Clothing styles.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: Black baseball team in the 40's. Other entertainment.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: The union. There were some black officers. Black politicians. Most blacks were Democrats.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: More about his various jobs in Kansas and Arkansas.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: Black newspapers. Contact with other ethnic groups was limited. There were many racial incidents in the 40's. Very few black supervisors.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: Blacks in the school. Memories of black soldiers in the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: Why he decided to leave Kansas. Talks about the different places he has lived in Pasco. He owned a hotel for 20 years.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: More about soldiers who came into town. He later built a motel.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: Art Fletcher, a well-known community leader and politician. Blackco-op. Many had stock in the co-op service station. Black insurance companies.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
    • Description: Other people Mr. Taylor should talk to.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry

  • Series CT 2/22-23: Franklin James and Mrs. Franklin James

    Occupation of Interviewee: coal miner, cannery worker

    Geographical Areas Covered: Roslyn, Yakima

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Yakima, WA

    Date of Interview: 8/21/72

    Length of Interview: 70 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/4/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

  • Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson

    Occupation of Interviewee: maintenance

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1925

    Geographical Areas Covered: Missoula

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Missoula, MT

    Date of Interview: 3/3/74

    Length of Interview: 20 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction:6/6/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: His parents were from Minneapolis. He was born here. How his parents met and married. Family background.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson
    • Description: Black Methodist church in Missoula. Black population. Jobs blacks worked in. Almost all owned their own property. Black businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson
    • Description: Jimmy Dorsey, a successful black lawyer from Missoula. Maintains contacts with relatives. Other black families. Black athletes. Famous blacks that came through the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson
    • Description: Most blacks were Democrats. Talks about his stint in the service during World War II.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson
    • Description: The black population has really decreased in Missoula. Job opportunities better elsewhere. Blacks in neighboring towns. Black newspapers and magazines.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson
    • Description: Blacks had a lot of contact with other minority groups, especially Indians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson
    • Description: His feelings about his life and experiences in Missoula. More about when blacks started moving out of Missoula.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson
    • Description: Talks about some of the early Negro cowboys. Development of civil rights legislation.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson

  • Series CT 2/25: Frank King

    Occupation of Interviewee: farmer

    Birthdate/Interviewee: 1902

    Geographical Areas Covered: norther Idaho

    Interviewer: Charles Ramsay

    Location of Interview: Tensed, ID

    Date of Interview: 4/5/73

    Length of Interview: 50 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/7/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Came out west in 1903. They got a homestead in 1910. How they got their homestead.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Real rough the first couple of years. Started with oats and wheat. Custom threshing outfits. How they gradually expanded their area of cultivation.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Clearing the land. Chores before going to school. Chopping wood.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Schooling. Six families lived in the valley where their homestead was.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Farming equipment was all horse-drawn. How they expanded their land holdings. He took over the farm in 1927 when his father died.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Their experiences during the 1929 Depression. Decision to sell their cattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Prices during the first World War. Talks more about their land.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Never involved in politics although they always voted.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Why their parents decided to move out West from North Carolina.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Never any problems with discrimination. Problem with the teacher who wouldn't let the kids play together. Fun as a kid. Fishing and hunting. Travelling. Yellowstone Park.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Going to Farmington, WA. No other Negroes in the area. A few lived in Coeur d'Alene. Other blacks he knew of.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Feelings about life and experiences in the area. Farming is a free life. The price of land at present.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: A little contact with local Indians. Not many other ethnic groups in the area. Farm work and equipment.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King
    • Description: Clearing brush off their land. Butchering hogs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 28
      Location: Series CT 2/25: Frank King

  • Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King

    Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. King--railroad worker, custodian

    Geographical Areas Covered: Twin Falls, ID

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Twin Falls, ID

    Date of Interview: 6/7/73

    Length of Interview: 40 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/7/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: He came to Twin Falls at the age of 24 from Oklahoma City. Working on the railroad.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: She was born in Memphis, he in Louisiana. They keep up contacts with relatives. No black churches in town. Blacks have lived all over town. Black businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: Talks about the various jobs he has held. Black children in the local schools. Another Negro business. Other black families.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: Making a commercial for Kodak.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: Entertainment. Black club in town. Famous black singers and dancers who came through town. Black athletes.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: Job opportunities for blacks. Migrant workers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: Most of the blacks- are Democrats. He doesn't talk politics much because Idaho is a Republican state.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 28
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: Where blacks from Twin Falls have moved. Blacks in surrounding towns--they don't know too many. Black newspapers and magazines.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: Black farmer in the area. Not much contact with ethnic groups in the area. Black soldiers in the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King
    • Description: Experiences and feelings about living in Twin Falls.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph King

  • Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King

    Occupation of Interviewee: farmer

    Birthdate of Interviewee: Mr. King - 1894

    Geographical Areas Covered: northern Idaho

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Tensed, ID

    Date of Interview: 4/5/73

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/8/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Stump ranching in northern Idaho. He worked for I.A. Brown.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: Life in North Carolina before they moved West. Family back-- grounds. Her father worked in a tobacco plant. Durham, North Carolina. How they came West. Her work in Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: More about the blacks in Spokane. She talks about her family. Her early religious upbringing. Calvary Baptist Church in Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: Their courtship and marriage. Talk a bit about the Indians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: Why he decided to homestead where he did.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: She tells about working in the Davenport Hotel. More about how they met. First car.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 20 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: He had his own horses and started raising oats, barley, and potatoes. He also helped his brothers. Getting stumps out of the ground. Raising cattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: More about raising cattle. He raised a few hogs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: Hard to start a new farm now. The local Indians. Land has increased in value tremendously since they bought their land.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: One of their granddaughters works in Pullman. Other children.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: Farm equipment and land. Pat Walsh, the railroad inspector. Well-to-do blacks in Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: His brothers, their places, and families. Their children.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 20
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: They like living in the country. Wildlife in the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 20 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: He was drafted and went into the service during WW I. Burial detail. The campaigns were segregated.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King
    • Description: This tape is William King talking generally about the King's early life in northern Idaho. There is considerable background buzzing and some of the tape is completely inaudible.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 1-30
      Location: Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William King

  • Series CT 2/29: William Knott

    Occupation of Interviewee: Tailor

    Birthdate of Interviewee: March 7, 1896

    Geographical Areas Covered: Great Falls, MT

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Great Falls, MT

    Date of Interview: 4/2/74

    Length of Interview: 40 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/18/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: His parents came by train from Memphis in 1892. Family background. Early Great Falls--sporting girls and cow punchers. Father first worked as a janitor.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: Not many Negroes in Great Falls. Black barbershops wouldn't cut blacks' hair. Black church. The African Methodist Episcopal Church.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: Black social clubs. There were not enough colored men in town to organize anything. No Negro section of town. Other black businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: Schooling. There was no segregation in the school but prejudice was obvious once he got out of school. Alva Jacobs, a well-- known black from the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: He is in close contact with other relatives. Large black families in the area. Sports activities. Entertainment. Shows that came through town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: Describes his work as a tailor--he had two shops. Worked 14 years for the state liquor board. Other jobs available for blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: Most blacks were Democrats. Black politicians and government workers. Blacks left the city for work elsewhere.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: Many blacks were railroad men and moved with the railroad. Blacks in surrounding towns. He always kept in touch with other blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: He didn't care for the Chicago Defender.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: Contacts with other ethnic groups--they always got along with the Mexicans and the Indians. Black soldiers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott
    • Description: His experiences and feelings about living in Great Falls. He loves the mountains and the climate. Hunting and fishing.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/29: William Knott

  • Series CT 2/30: James Lee

    Occupation of Interviewee: porter; active in NAACP

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1907 Release: No

    Geographical Areas Covered: Portland, OR

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Portland, OR

    Date of Interview: 7/20/73

    Length of Interview: 35 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/11/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Came to Portland in 1929 from Texas. Family background. He was a railroad worker.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: Black churches in Portland. Black social clubs and organizations. Blacks lived mostly between the river and Broadway. Black businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: Well-known blacks in the area. NAACP. He has one daughter who attended school in Portland. Maintains contact with relatives in Texas.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: Entertainment for blacks. Famous singers and dancers. Work as a porter for the Pullman Company. Other work. Black unions.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: Blacks coming into Portland during World War II. Most blacks were Republican through the 30's. Black politicians. Ship-- yard work, during WW II.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: Housing for blacks in Vanport City which was washed away in the 50's.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: He still thinks lots of new blacks come into Portland. Knows blacks in surrounding areas.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: Found out about blacks in other areas through the NAACP. The Sentinel, a black newspaper.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: One school named after a black. No contact with other ethnic groups. Feelings about living in Portland.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: More about his feelings about living in Portland. Not many jobs were open to blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee
    • Description: More about work in the NAACP.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/30: James Lee

  • Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster

    Occupation of Interviewee: He is a minister. She works at a food processing plant.

    Geographical Areas Covered: Hermiston

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Hermiston, OR

    Date of Interview: 7/18/73

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/11/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: He went to work at Hanford in 1942 from Louisiana. Other work. Travelled around and settled in Hermiston in 1949. Wife did housework and workpd for telephone company.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: She came to the Northwest from Arkansas in 1941. Work in Portland and Pendleton.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: Why he came out to the North-west. He helped to start the first black church in Hermiston. How the church got started. Reverend Banks. Church attendance now.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: His family background.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: Blacks live all over town. In the 50's most lived in the west part of town. Not many own property.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: Well-known blacks in the community.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: Major industries in Hermiston now. Job opportunities for blacks. She talks about her job.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: They maintain contact with their relatives. Main entertainment is church. James Goho (sp?) catered to the Negros which made him unpopular among other whites. Discrimination.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: The Smith family. Other forms of entertainment for blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: Most blacks were Democrats. Where blacks moved when they left Hermiston. The housing is much better now. Blacks in surrounding areas.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: How they find out about blacks in other areas. Many blacks worked with Mexican-Americans.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster
    • Description: How she feels about her life in Hermiston. He talks about his experiences living in Hermiston. He feels spiritual work is needed.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood Luster

  • Series CT 2/32: Mr. and Mrs. Isadore Maney and Mr. Maney's mother

    Birthdate of Interviewee: Mr. Maney--1931; Mrs. Maney--1923; Mr. Maney's mother-1895

    Geographical Areas Covered: Portland, OR

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Portland, OR

    Date of Interview: 7/20/73

    Length of Interview: 50 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/12/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

  • Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe

    Occupation of Interviewee: registered nurse

    Geographical Areas Covered: Missoula, MT

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Missoula, MT

    Date of Interview: 4/5/74

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/12/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Family background. Father from Tennessee. Parents settled in Missoula around 1919 or so. Black churches in Missoula. Not any black clubs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
    • Description: Blacks lived all over town. Many owned their own places-- many whites wouldn't rent to blacks. Black businesses. Her uncle ran a cleaning service. Not much contact with relatives. Other black families.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
    • Description: Black sports. Jim Dorsey, a black lawyer. Rheinhardt was a well-known athlete. Other entertainment for blacks. Famous blacks who came through town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
    • Description: Her work as a nurse. Most blacks she knew were Democrats. No black politicians or government workers. Black population in Missoula.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
    • Description: Many blacks were stationed at Ft. Missoula in the 1890's. Many of their descendants settled in Missoula.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
    • Description: Blacks didn't work in the logging camps. Job opportunities for blacks. Population has declined. No entertainment was a problem. Many blacks moved to Seattle during World War II.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
    • Description: Blacks in surrounding areas. How they found out what blacks were doing in surrounding areas.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 24
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
    • Description: There was very little contact with Indians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 24 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
    • Description: Her feelings about living in Missoula.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe

  • Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss

    Occupation of Interviewee: diesel engineer

    Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle, WA

    Interviewer: Unknown

    Location of Interview: Seattle, WA

    Date of Interview: 12/2/72

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/12/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: His father was a stonemason who came to Seattle from Kansas. They were originally from North Carolina. Black churches.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Holiday celebrations shared by whites and blacks in the early 1900's. Blacks more or less lived alongside whites. Few blacks owned their own property until the late teens.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: A few black businesses--barbershops and hand laundries. School districting. Blacks in schools. Well-known blacks from the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: More about family background. His work as a diesel engineer. Keeps in contact with relatives in the East.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Black apartment houses in Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Care for widows and orphans by church or fraternal orders.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Clothing styles. Show people and travelling salesmen often wore the latest styles.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Sports activities. Black baseball team. Good black baseball team from the Roslyn coal mines.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Other forms of entertainment for blacks. Dances. Vaudeville acts. Black YMCA and black YWCA.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Famous black singers and dancers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Whites wouldn't take Negros into the union. His father had trouble finding work. Story of building a hotel with Byrd, a black. In 1927 the brickmasons started accepting blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Black politicians. He was turned down for a policeman's job. Blacks in government jobs in Olympia.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: More about his father's work building breweries. Working at the gasworks. When the strike came many blacks went to work at the coal mines. Blacks moved out of the area as other jobs opened up.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Influx of blacks into Seattle during both World Wars. No news about blacks in local newspapers. The Pittsburgh Courier, a black newspaper.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 20
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: Trouble with Scandanavians and Swedes who refused to work with blacks. No trouble with black soldiers. No black transient workers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 20 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
    • Description: How hard it is for blacks to get together. Strike at the dock.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss

  • Series CT 2/35: Mr. and Mrs. George Nelson

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Pendleton, OR

    Date of Interview: 11/9/72

    Length of Interview: 45 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/13/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

  • Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce

    Occupation of Interviewee: houseworker

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1900

    Geographical Areas Covered: Spokane, WA

    Interviewer: Unknown

    Location of Interview: Spokane, WA

    Date of Interview: 10/30/72

    Length of Interview: 40 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/13/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Came from North Carolina by train. Black churches. Other organ-- izations--NAACP.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: Emancipation Day. Blacks lived all over town and many owned property. Negro businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: Father was very strict. Churchwork quite important. Schooling.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: Black population. Maintain contact with relatives in North Carolina.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: Her marriage.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 11 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: Other black families in Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: Clothing styles. Why people decided to move out West from the South. Her husband talks a bit about his early life (This is hard to understand). He talks about his experiences in World War II.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: Black clubs. Politics. What happened to blacks when they moved from Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: Unintelligible.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
    • Description: General discussion about their family. How the times have changed. (This is very difficult to hear.)
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce

  • Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter

    Occupation of Interviewee: ship and dock worker; deputy sheriff; post office worker

    Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle, WA; Spokane, WA

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Seattle, WA

    Date of Interview: 11/19/73

    Length of Interview: 1 hr. 45 min.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/13/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Came to Seattle in 1909 from Jamaica. (He is very difficult to understand). Other work he has done in the Northwest. Why he decided to settle in Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Buildings in Seattle he recalls.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Family background. Born in Manchester, Jamaica, Other Jamaicans he knew in Seattle. Marcus Garvey, well-known black from Jamaica. Other famous blacks who visited Seattle.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: NAACP. Never joined a church in town. Joined the Masons in 1919 or so. More about black churches in Seattle when he moved here.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Black clubs and lodges.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Most blacks in the Madison Street district. Mr. Gross' hotel.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: More about Mr. Gross. Mr. Woodson who owned property in Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Most blacks owned their own homes. Negro businesses--mostly barbershops. Other blacks in the area. Black soldiers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Working on a ship. Trip to the Orient. Story of having a good time in Shanghai.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Discrimination in China. Experiences being black in various places.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: His marriage in 1916. How he met his wife. Their children. Not much contact with relatives.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: His wife and her relatives.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Black baseball teams. T.S. Barnette.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Early married life. More about black baseball teams and players.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Work as a deputy sheriff. Politics. He later worked for the Post Office.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Entertainment for blacks. Dances. Story of a big dance.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Famous black singers and dancers from Seattle. Ray Charles and Quincy Jones. All the churches had good choirs. Other well-known blacks.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Talks about some of the work he's done: insurance salesman, deputy sheriff, railroad worker, and coat check work.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Politics. Young Man's Democratic Club. He organized other Democratic Clubs. Democratic Club activities. Other political clubs.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Blacks in politics and government jobs. Bob Crane, whose father was an underworld figure.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 28
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Policemen in 1919 or so. Other blacks in government jobs.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Other blacks in government jobs.
      Container: Tape 2, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 1
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Many blacks from the South. Other black families he remembers. Many blacks moved to California. Mr. Porter.
      Container: Tape 2, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 1 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Black magazines and newspapers. News about blacks in other parts of the country.
      Container: Tape 2, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: Not too much contact with other minorities.
      Container: Tape 2, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
    • Description: His feelings about his life in the Northwest.
      Container: Tape 2, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter

  • Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker

    Geographical Areas Covered: Roslyn, WA; Franklin, WA

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Yakima, WA

    Date of Interview: 7/22/72

    Length of Interview: 30 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/13/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Family background. Father came to Roslyn as strike-breaker from Virginia. Later moved to mining area in Franklin in King County. Black social clubs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Doesn't remember any black politicians. Jim Shepardston, an influential black. Very well integrated area so there was no discrimination. Doesn't remember any trouble between black and white miners.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: How her parents happened to come out to the Northwest. There were a few mixed marriages in Roslyn. Blacks in other areas. Cleone and Barnette. Black families in the Yakima area. Corfu, the black community on the Columbia.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Talk about other families in Roslyn. The Donaldson family. The Claxton family.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: No problem with discrimination. Schooling. Black miners. Ravensdale, a black mining community in King County.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Her mother's father, a Scotsman. More about family background.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Not many political activities that she recalls.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 26 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Black businesses in Spokane.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Negro population in Spokane was very small until World War II. Her family owned an orchard. The decline of the company.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Early Spokane. More about the decline of the company. What happened to the property after the business was finished. Her uncle's resort.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 13
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Black social clubs. Many blacks owned their own property. Ideas about black stereotypes. Black intellectuals in the community.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 13 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: Activities for blacks in town. Her father's activities after the orchard business was finished. Her father's early life. The Quality Printing Company.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
    • Description: She shows some photographs of family and friends and talks about them.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker

  • Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith

    Occupation of Interviewee: storekeeper; expeditor

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1922 Release: No

    Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Seattle, WA

    Date of Interview: 11/20/73

    Length of Interview: 30 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/15/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Family background. Originally from Louisiana. Permanently settled in Seattle in 1936 after being in the Army. Education.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
      Location: Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith
    • Description: Black churches, social clubs. Black political clubs he helped to organize. Much contact with relatives. Work as storekeeper and an expeditor, at Boeing. Many blacks at Boeing.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 2 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith
    • Description: Most blacks were Democrats. Black public officials and government workers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith
    • Description: How he got involved in politics. Talks a bit about local politics and his election for City Council in 1967. Election of 1969--- troubles in Seattle. His political philosophy. Mayoral candidates, in 1972.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 16
      Location: Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith
    • Description: Feelings about more blacks being elected to office. He's never regretted going into politics.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 16 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith
    • Description: Legislation he was instrumental in passing. City ordinances he worked on.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 24
      Location: Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith
    • Description: His feelings about living in the Northwest. Progress blacks have made in Seattle. The rest of this tape is another interview with an unidentified man and woman.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 24 - 28
      Location: Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith

  • Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart

    Occupation of Interviewee: farm wife

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1908

    Geographical Areas Covered: Boise, ID

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location: Boise, ID

    Date of Interview: 6/5/73

    Length of Interview: 45 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/15/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Came to Boise in 1943 from Tennessee. Family background. Story of Wallace Cooky (sp?) , a white contractor who convinced her sister to move out West.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: Her brother-in-law was foreman of a ranch in Idaho. Later she and her husband moved out. Stripping a cow, Working at a dairy farm. Her work schedule was very difficult.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: After four years of working on another ranch, they bought their own place. Convincing their husbands to buy the place.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: Attending church in town. Story of Reverend-Banks being put in jail.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: No black social clubs. Other black families in the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: More about life on the ranch. Did daywork and sewing.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 24
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: They often visited back in Tennessee. Other relatives. Enter-- tainment. Organized some social clubs. Going to the show.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 24 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: Husband's work for the city. She was a Republican but often voted Democratic. Her work as a registrar.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: Blacks lived all over Boise. Many soldiers and their wives lived in Boise. Blacks in surrounding areas. Keeping up with black activities.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: No contact with other minorities. Organizing a mission in a nearby town for Mexican transient workers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart
    • Description: Feelings about living in Idaho. Always felt comfortable in Boise.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil Stewart

  • Series CT 2/42: Mrs. Henry Strong

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1888

    Geographical Areas Covered: Roslyn

    Interviewer: Charles Ramsay and Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Roslyn, WA

    Date of Interview: 7/22/72

    Length of Interview: 10 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/15/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: How she came to move to Roslyn. Reverend Brown's church. Other churches. Visiting relatives back East.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/42: Mrs. Henry Strong
    • Description: Mr. Shepardston got black people to come to work in the mines. Many blacks moved away from Roslyn. Well-known blacks in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/42: Mrs. Henry Strong
    • Description: Not much problem with discrimination. Social Life.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/42: Mrs. Henry Strong
    • Description: Many foreigners lived in town. No blacks worked for the city that she recalls.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/42: Mrs. Henry Strong
    • Description: Talks about her brother and living in British Columbia.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/42: Mrs. Henry Strong
    • Description: Talks about some picture albums she has. Other blacks in Roslyn.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 11
      Location: Series CT 2/42: Mrs. Henry Strong

  • Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner

    Occupation of Interviewee: lawyer

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1919

    Geographical Areas Covered: Tacoma, WA

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Tacoma, WA

    Date of Interview: 1/20/79

    Length of Interview: 1 hr. 30 min.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/15/79-6/18/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Parents migrated to Washington from Indiana and Mississippi in the late 1800's. Family background. Problems his grandmother had in Indianapolis. Father a longshoreman.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Black churches in Tacoma. Social life was limited to church activities. Role of the church. Black social clubs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Many blacks and other foreigners lived in the central area of Tacoma. Black politicians. Other black officials and government workers. Job opportunities for blacks--most on the waterfront; no professionals.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Education. Well-known blacks from the Tacoma area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Wife's family came from Mississippi in 1924 or so. Story of them being ordered out of Mississippi.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Black athletes. Entertainment was mostly provided by the church. No fraternal or social organizations. Black musicians and singers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Some blacks joined unions. Many longshoremen joined the union. He talks about the development of the union movement. Blacks involved in the union.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Many blacks started moving into the area in the late 30's. Black soldiers at Ft. Lewis.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: More about black soldiers. More came during the Korean War. GI Bill helped many blacks to go to school. Many middle-class blacks in the Northwest. Many whites did not like the influx of blacks. No outright discrimination but police brutality was not uncom
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: NAACP was fairly active. It was established in Tacoma in 1913. Miscegenation laws. His activities in the NAACP. Involvement in the civil rights movement. Marches.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Talks about his involvement in Indian fishing rights demonstra-- tions. His work as a lawyer--arguing cases before the Supreme Court.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Blacks have not been as active in politics as Indians have.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: More about Indian confrontations over fishing rights. He has been involved with this problem since 1964.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Blacks in politics. Black movements. He was state chairman for the Democratic Party in 1967. Friendship with Scoop Jackson. More about his political activities.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: His campaign for governor in 1968. His campaign platform. Work with the NAACP made him politically sophisticated. More about friendship with Jackson. Jackson's Politics.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 7 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: What he would have done had he been elected governor.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Bush Prarie named after a black who travelled with Lewis and Clark. Contact with other ethnic groups was minimal. Black soldiers.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
    • Description: Feelings about living in the Pacific Northwest.
      Container: Tape 2, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner

  • Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell

    Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Terrell--porter, bellhop; Mrs. Terrell--wrap checker

    Geographical Areas Covered: Boise, ID

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location: Boise, ID

    Date of Interview: 6/5/73

    Length of Interview: 40 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/18/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: She has been in Boise since 1932. He was born in Boise in 1909, Family background. Her family travelled with Brigham Young to Utah.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell
    • Description: Black churches in Boise. She grew up in the Mormon religion, but later became Methodist. Black social organizations and clubs. Blacks generally lived across the tracks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell
    • Description: No segregation in the schools. Blacks in the schools. Well- known blacks from the community.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell
    • Description: Maintain contacts with relatives. Other black families in the Boise area. Entertainment. Black baseball team, the Boise Monarchs. Famous singers and dancers from Boise.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell
    • Description: Job opportunities for blacks have opened up. Many worked for hotels in town. Many rich people in Boise.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell
    • Description: Most blacks were Republicans. Not many black city workers or politicians in the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell
    • Description: Blacks in surrounding areas. Contact with other ethnic groups. Tracy Thompson, the cowboy.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell
    • Description: Feelings about living in Boise. Changes for blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner Terrell

  • Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas

    Occupation of Interviewee: historian

    Interviewer: Joyce Stephens

    Location of Interview: Seattle, WA

    Date of Interview: 10/21/74

    Length of Interview: 1hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/18/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Sources for his thesis on George Bush, a black pioneer. How he got interested in black history.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Various theories about George Bush and when he came West. The Bush family got along well with the Indians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Difficulty in tracing the Bush family tree. Trouble with research on George Bush who was relatively unknown. Bush's personality.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 9 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Examination of the 1850 Census figures.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Disposition of the Bush family possessions. Relationship of the Bush settlement with the Indians was always good. No diaries of the family.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Other work George Bush did-guide, trapper. Why the Bush's settled where they did. Couldn't settle in Oregon due to legislation prohibiting blacks from owning property.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Simms, the postmaster and Indian agent and his relationship with Bush. Trouble Bush had getting a clear title to his home-- stead. Laws passed about blacks in 1843.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Story about claimjumpers on Bush's place in 1851 or so.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 4 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Legislative manual first published in 1889. It has a biographical sketch of George Bush. Others who might have information on Bush. General talk about other information sources.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 18
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: Isaac Eby, formulated petition for Bush to get his land. Story of Eby getting his head chopped off by Indians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: George Washington, a black in Centralia, and Bush getting confused. Problems between Eastern and Western Washington.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 23 - 27
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
    • Description: The setting of the Washington boundary at the 49th parallel.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas

  • Series CT 2/47: Mrs. Tracy Thompson (Bertie Neoma)

    Occupation of Interviewee: cleaning woman

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1885

    Geographical Areas Covered: Pocatello, ID

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Pocatello, ID

    Date of Interview: 6/8/73

    Length of Interview: 45 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/18/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

  • Series CT 2/48: Thomas and Ophelia Walker

    Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Walker-janitor

    Birthdate of Interviewee: Thomas 1904, Ophelia 1903

    Geographical Areas Covered: Ananconda, MT

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Ananconda, MT

    Date of Interview: 4/4/74

    Length of Interview: 30 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/19/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

  • Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods

    Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Woods--janitor

    Birthdate of Interviewee: Mr. Woods--1889

    Geographical Areas Covered: Yakima, WA

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Yakima, WA

    Date of Interview: 8/5/72

    Length of Interview: 40 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/19/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Family backgrounds. Their family was from Missouri.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: Attended a white church until 1906 when a black church was established. The Missionary Society. Black social clubs she is involved with. He talks about black fraternal organizations for men.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: All the early pioneers owned their own homes. Other black families in the area. Black businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: Most blacks were Republicans. Blacks in city and county jobs.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: His work on a ranch and later in a bank. City sites named after blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: Blacks and Indians got along fine. Not much discrimination. Contact with "Night Calvary". Black soldiers.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: Their son, Henry, became a prominent boxer--how he got started. He became lightweight champion of the Pacific Northwest. Story of his son catching a freight train to California when he was 16.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 28
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: Other well-known blacks from the area.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: Jobs blacks have in Yakima. Black population in the Yakima Valley. The Jones family, a black singing group. Black baseball team. Black athletes.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 6
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods
    • Description: Married for 60 years. More about her family background. (She shows some pictures and talks about them).
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 6 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John Woods

  • Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren

    Occupation of Interviewee: contractor

    Birthdate of Interviewee: 1927

    Geographical Areas Covered: Boise, ID

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of Interview: Boise, ID

    Date of Interview: 6/4/73

    Length of Interview: 1 hr.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/19/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: Has lived in Boise since 1958. His feelings about racism and dis-- crimination in the Northwest. A qualified black has always been able to find work. Changes in Boise.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: Originally from Arkansas. Family background. Family moved to California. Father a minister who established Bethel AME Church in Boise. Other black churches in Boise.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 12
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: Black organizations and clubs. Not many blacks involved in politics. Leroy Jones, a black lawyer.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 12 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: He is president of the local NAACP. Most members are white. History of the local chapter.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 19
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: Blacks live all over town. A few discrimination problems.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 19 - 24
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: Not many black businesses in Boise.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 24 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: More about problems starting businesses owned by blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: Maintains close contact with relatives. Blacks in surrounding areas.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: Black athletes in the area. Other forms of entertainment. Belinda Hubbard, a singer from the area. He has played saxophone for various bands.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: He now works as a masonry contractor. Involvement with program to recruit minorities. Placing non-union blacks in union positions.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 10 - 15
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: Many resources available to blacks in the Boise area although he feels they are not taken advantage of.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 15 - 21
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
    • Description: No blacks on his construction crew because he can't find any qualified blacks who want to work.
      Container: Tape 1, Side B, Time Minutes (approx.): 21 - 26
      Location: Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren

  • Series CT 2/51: C. A. White

    Occupation of Interviewee: stockman, informational specialist

    Geographical Areas Covered: Portland, OR

    Interviewer: Quintard Taylor

    Location of interview: Portland, OR

    Date of Interview: 7/18/73

    Length of Interview: 30 mins.

    Abstractor: Margot H. Knight

    Date of Abstraction: 6/19/79

    Release: No

    Restrictions: No

    • Description: He came to Portland in 1947 from Texas. He did a lot of odd jobs at first. Family background.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: Mt. Olive Baptist Church in Portland. Other black churches. Black social clubs and organizations.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 3 - 5
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: Vanport, a black community between Vancouver and Portland. Most blacks lived in Albina area. Vanport flood in 1948. Not many black businesses.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: NAACP active since 1914, Well-known blacks, from the community, Phil Reynolds and Edgar Williams who worked with the NAACP.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 8 - 14
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: Kept in close contact with relatives in Texas. Entertainment for blacks. Black baseball teams.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: Work as a stockman and informational specialist. Industry in Portland. Job opportunities for blacks.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: Most blacks are Democrats. Blacks in county and city jobs. Black politicians.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 20 - 22
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: Most blacks remained in Portland. Contacts with blacks in surrounding areas. Portland Reporter, a black newspaper.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 22 - 25
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: City sites named after blacks. Black doctors in town.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 25 - 28
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
    • Description: Feelings about living in the Northwest.
      Container: Tape 1, Side A, Time Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
      Location: Series CT 2/51: C. A. White

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

  • African Americans -- Social conditions -- 20th century
  • Oral history -- United States.

Personal Names

  • Banks, A. E.
  • Banks, A. E., Mrs.
  • Bogle, Kathelyn
  • Buckner, Claude
  • Buckner, Claude, Mrs.
  • Chase, James
  • Chase, James, Mrs.
  • Clow, James, Mrs.
  • Cogwell, Margaret
  • Coleman, Sam, Mrs.
  • Coleman, Sam, ǂc Reverend
  • DeWittig, Thelma
  • Duncan, Armeta
  • Duncan, Walter
  • Dunning, Verron
  • Flowers, Mabel
  • Flowers, Myrtle
  • Freeman, Lawrence
  • Frye, Reginald
  • Frye, Reginald. ǂc Mrs.
  • Gayton, Carver
  • Gayton, Virginia
  • Harris, Levi
  • Harris, Levi, Mrs.
  • Henry, Ray
  • James, Franklin
  • James, Franklin, Mrs.
  • Johnson, Raymond
  • King, Frank
  • King, Randolph
  • King, Randolph, Mrs.
  • King, William
  • King, William, Mrs.
  • Knott, William
  • Lee, James
  • Luster, Greenwood
  • Luster, Greenwood, Mrs.
  • Maney, Isadore
  • Maney, Isadore, Mrs.
  • Maney, Mrs.
  • Monroe, Ethel
  • Moss, Sandy
  • Nelson, George
  • Nelson, George, Mrs.
  • Pierce, Flexan
  • Pitter, Edward
  • Rucker, Ollie, Mrs.
  • Smith, Sam
  • Stewart, Virgil, Mrs.
  • Strong, Henry, Mrs.
  • Tanner, Jack
  • Terrell, Warner
  • Terrell, Warner, Mrs.
  • Thomas, Paul
  • Thompson, Bertie Neoma
  • Walker, Ophelia
  • Walker, Thomas
  • Warren, Charles
  • White, C. A.
  • Woods, John
  • Woods, John, Mrs.

Other Creators

  • Personal Names

    • Dawkins, John (creator)
    • Ramsay, Charles (creator)
    • Taylor, Quintard (creator)

    Corporate Names

    • Washington State University. Black Studies Program (creator)

Finding aid prepared by Cheryl Gunselman
2017

CC Attribution
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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