Washington State University Libraries, Manuscripts, Archives and Special Collections
CT 2
Black Oral History Interviews
1972-1974
0.5 Linear feet of shelf space
1 Box
This collection consists of 44 oral history interviews
with black pioneers and their descendants throughout Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and
Montana. Topics include early black settlers, job opportunities, living patterns,
black churches, and black political involvement from the late 1800s through
1974.
(MASC STAFF USE) Range 3-4
Collection materials are inEnglish
The Washington State University Black Studies Department was provided with $1500 in
university funds in the summer of 1972 to begin preliminary research on sources of
black history in the Pacific Northwest. Since it seemed that few African Americans
in the region left a written record of themselves, important information was passed
on from one generation to the next by word of mouth.
The information obtained was used as source material for KWSU-TV's documentary series
"South by Northwest" and also served as primary source material for the doctoral
dissertation of the main interviewer, Quintard Taylor, "A History of Blacks in the
Pacific Northwest, 1788-1970," completed at the University of Minnesota in 1977.
This collection consists of 44 oral history interviews, on 50 audiocassettes, with
black pioneers and their descendants throughout Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and
Montana. The interviews were conducted by Quintard Taylor, with associates Charles
Ramsay and John Dawkins. Topics include early black settlers, job opportunities,
living patterns, black churches, and black political involvement from the late 1800s
through 1974. Most of the interviews follow a standard set of questions.
The tapes are arranged alphabetically by interviewee. An exception occurs where two
interviewees were recorded on the same cassette (numbers 3 and 4), making 44
interviews on 50 tapes.
These interviews have been digitized, and are available online as the Black
Oral History Interviews Collection..
This collection is open and available for research use.
Copyright restrictions apply.
[Item Description]
Black Oral History Interviews, 1972-1974 (CT 2)
Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University Libraries, Pullman, WA.
The interviews were transferred to the WSU Libraries from the WSU AudioVisual Listening Lab in January and May, 1978 (MS 1978.03).
Margot H. Knight abstracted these interviews in June, 1979.
Washington State University Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Celebration Records, 1995-2020
(Archives 407)
Preliminary Guide to the Talmadge Anderson Heritage House Collection of Audio-Visual Recordings, 1949-2009
(UA 2023-02)
This collection is indexed under the following headings in the online
catalog. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons, or
places should search the catalog using these headings.
Banks, A. E.
Banks, A. E., Mrs.
Flowers, Mabel
Flowers, Myrtle
Bogle, Kathelyn
Buckner, Claude
Buckner, Claude, Mrs.
Chase, James
Chase, James, Mrs.
Clow, James, Mrs.
Cogwell, Margaret
Coleman, Sam, ǂc Reverend
Coleman, Sam, Mrs.
DeWittig, Thelma
Duncan, Armeta
Duncan, Walter
Dunning, Verron
Freeman, Lawrence
Frye, Reginald
Frye, Reginald. ǂc Mrs.
Gayton, Carver
Gayton, Virginia
Harris, Levi
Harris, Levi, Mrs.
Henry, Ray
James, Franklin
James, Franklin, Mrs.
Johnson, Raymond
King, Frank
King, Randolph
King, Randolph, Mrs.
King, William
King, William, Mrs.
Knott, William
Lee, James
Luster, Greenwood
Luster, Greenwood, Mrs.
Maney, Isadore
Maney, Isadore, Mrs.
Maney, Mrs.
Monroe, Ethel
Moss, Sandy
Nelson, George
Nelson, George, Mrs.
Pierce, Flexan
Pitter, Edward
Rucker, Ollie, Mrs.
Smith, Sam
Stewart, Virgil, Mrs.
Strong, Henry, Mrs.
Tanner, Jack
Terrell, Warner
Terrell, Warner, Mrs.
Thomas, Paul
Thompson, Bertie Neoma
Walker, Ophelia
Walker, Thomas
Woods, John
Woods, John, Mrs.
Warren, Charles
White, C. A.
Taylor, Quintard
Ramsay, Charles
Dawkins, John
Washington State University. Black Studies Program
Oral history -- United States.
African Americans -- Social conditions -- 20th century
Oral Histories
African Americans
Series CT 2/1-2: Mr. and Mrs. A. E.
Banks
Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Banks--porter, post office; Mrs. Banks--coat
checker
Birthdate of Interviewee: Mrs. Banks--1894, Mr. Banks---1895
Geographical Areas Covered: Helena
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Helena, Montana
Date of Interview: 7/21/73
Length of Interview: l hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/23/79-5/24/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0-6
Mr. Banks came to Helena in 1917 from
Alabama. Father a mechanic. Family background. Why he moved to Montana.
Cousin in the calvary at Ft. Harrison, Montana. He planned to attend
Carroll College but didn't.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 6-8
Lived in Billings for a while. Also stayed
in Missoula for a while but there was no social life.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8-10
Attended the Southern Christian Institute
in Edwards, Mississippi. Talks about playing baseball for
them.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10-11
He worked at the post office with his
cousin for a while and then worked for the Union Bank and Trust
Company.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 11-17
There were quite a few blacks in Helena
when he arrived --many were from the Army. Two black churches in Helena.
Many other towns in Montana had black residents. Other forts in Montana.
Ft. Harrison was mostly black soldiers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17-22
Recollections of black social clubs in the
area. Al Walton was a black U.S. Marshall from Oklahoma.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0-3
The Powers family of Helena were quite
powerful. He doesn't remember any outstanding black families. Generally
the blacks stuck to themselves.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3-4
He has one daughter who lives in Portlad.
He doesn't communicate with any other relatives. Other families in
Helena.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4-5.5
Not very much in the way of black social
activities.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5.5-8
Worked as a porter in a hotel. No blacks
owned or operated hotels that he knew of. Mrs. Banks thinks the cold
weather prevented many blacks from settling. operated hotels that he
knew of. Mrs. Banks thinks the cold weather prevented many blacks from
settl
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8-11
Mrs. Banks was born in Montana--her father
was born in Germany and was brought back to Montana by a Montana family.
Her mother was French. Her family background.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11-13
Most blacks in Helena were brought as
servants by white families. Many blacks left during winter. There was no
difference in social life between blacks and whites. Black businesses in
town. One black newspaper called The Plain Dealer.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 13-15
Joe Clark's Tonsorial Parlor and also did
charocaty (dentist) work and massage work. More about Al Walton, the
marshall.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 17
Prominent blacks in Helena--she remembers
the C.W. Dorseys; Gladys Alexander became an opera singer. Taylor
Gordon, a black singer from White Sulphur Springs.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
She worked checking wraps at the Montana
Club. How they met. Black churches in Helena.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 20 - 22
She thinks most blacks in Helena now work
as bartenders. There is also janitorial work available although there
are not many blacks left in Helena.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 26
Generally the blacks voted for whoever
they thought the best man was. Doesn't recall any blacks running for
office.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
Many blacks moved away from Montana. Job
opportunities for blacks.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
His work for the highway
department.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
They don't know any blacks in nearby
towns. She talks about why blacks don't seem to settle in the area. They
knew some of the calvarymen in Billings. No segregation of
schools.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
Limited contact with Indians. Legend of
York, a black settler who came with Lewis and Clark. Pompey's
Pillar.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 16
They talk about their feelings about
Montana and what their lives have been like. She likes the freedom of
the West. He talks about his work at the Capitol Post Office. Cold
weather.
Series CT 2/3: Flowers Sisters (Mabel,
Myrtle)
Occupation of Interviewee: nurse, actress
Geographical Areas Covered: Portland area
Interviewer: Unknown
Location of Interview: Portland, Oregon
Date of Interview: September, 1974
Length of Interview: 30 min.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/24/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Interview with an older woman about going
to Jamaica for sugarcane. Talks about her mother and her marriage to a
Portuguese man who was killed.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 10
Her father owned an oyster house in
Astoria. His name was Roscoe Lee Dixon. Father's background. One of the
sisters was born in 1894. She attended the Pacific School. The other
sister attended the Ranier School. Other schooling.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 15
One became a nurse and tells how she got
interested in it. Attended nursing school in San Francisco, graduating
in 1915. Trouble getting work.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 19
The other sister talks about getting into
the theatre at the age of 17 as a singer and dancer. She traveled for
three years on the Orpheum circuit. Story about Mrs. Walker, her boss
and Oscar Hammerstein.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 26
Other sister talks about getting nursing
work. Their parents. Attending Catholic school in Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
A third sister talks about attending
nursing school in Washington, D.C. Myrtle worked as a lab technician at
Aberdeen Hospital.
Series CT 2/4: Kathelyn Bogle
Interviewer: Unknown (2 monologue)
Location of Interview: Portland, Oregon
Date of Interview: 9/10/74
Length of Interview: 6 min.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/24/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0-5
She tells the story of her husband's
grandfather Richard W. Bogle who came to the Northwest in 1835 or so.
Ran away from Jamaica at age twelve to New York. Wagon train West. Story
of the Waldo family.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5-6
Richard W. Bogle married America Waldo, an
enslaved woman owned by the Waldo's. She talks about their children and their
accomplishments.
Series CT 2/5: Mr. and Mrs. Claude
Buckner
Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Buckner-janitor, Mrs. Buckner-housewife
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Boise, Idaho
Date of Interview: 6/5/73
Length of Interview: 54 min.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/24/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
She has been in Boise since 1909. Born in
Pueblo, Colorado. He came to Idaho in 1923. Family back-- grounds. How
his family came out west from Missouri.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 11
How her folks came out west from Georgia
and Tennessee. Her father was a Baptist minister. Church activities in
the Boise area. Her father's home became a Negro church. Eventually a
church was built. Talks about the various churches in town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
There were no social clubs in the area
that she remembers. Blacks lived throughout Boise. Many blacks owned
their own places. There was not much social life except for
visiting.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
Black businesses in Boise. She talks about
the schools she attended. Talks about Jimmy Terrell who has done real
well for himself.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 22
They have no contact with relatives in the
South. Other contacts with relatives. Recollections of other black
families they knew in Boise.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 27
Entertainment. Barbecues. She talks about
chataquas that came through. Clothing styles.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
He talks about his work as a janitor for
the Boise Overland Auto agency. Other janitorial jobs. Many blacks
worked as waiters. Tom Brown owned a cleaning store in 1910 or
so.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
He says blacks were generally Republican
until recently. Their son ran for City Council but lost. She is a board
member of the YWCA.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 10
Where blacks have moved to from Boise.
Blacks in surrounding towns.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
Blacks had some contact with Mexicans,
Chinese and Indians in the area. Many black soldiers around during World
War II.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 14
They read the Chicago Defender and the
Jet. They don't recall any black newspapers in the area.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 24
They talk about their feelings about their
lives in Boise. He thinks feelings have changed towards the blacks. The
Chinese restaurants wouldn't serve blacks. Talk about some of the
younger blacks. She's tired of Boise a little; it's hard to get music
for
Series CT 2/6: Mr. and Mrs. James
Chase
Geographical Areas Covered: Spokane
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Spokane, WA
Date of Interview: 11/2/72
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/24/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 7
Family background--her father came from
Mississippi to Spokane in 1890. He worked as a printer. Her uncle
printed The Citizen. Her grandfather established the Calvary Baptist
Church in Spokane. Several of her relatives were involved in owning and
operatin
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
More about her father and the newspaper
business. He was active in Masonic affairs, also.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
Social conditions for blacks during her
father's lifetime. Many blacks worked at the railroad station, the
hotels, and the Spokane Club, a men's social club. Many had to work two
jobs.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 16
Her mother's family came from Maryland.
Her grandfather was a barber in Spokane.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 25
Black politicians in the Pacific
Northwest. Mr. Chase talks about why he came out to Spokane in
1934--there was more opportunity than in Texas. Change in attitude
towards blacks and blacks themselves over the past 10 years. Hotel and
restaurant accommodat
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 27
Planning for the conditions of blacks in
the city. They would record how they were treated at various places in
town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
He owns and operates a body and fender
company. Other Negro businesses in town.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
Church work. She was involved with many of
the churches in town.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 2 - 3
Black organizations in town. Federation of
Colored Women's Club.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 8
They do not maintain much contact with
relatives. Recollections of famous blacks from Spokane. Touring church
singers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 10
The Seattle Enterprise. The NAACP started
in 1918 in Spokane.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 11
Discussion about black Episcopalian
colleges in the East.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 19
He talks about his decision to run for
City Council in 1969. Spokane is very conservative and he advocated
getting Federal aid. Talks about the campaign. He thinks he indirectly
helped the City Council to establish the Housing Authority.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 27
More about black businesses in town. The
Civil Rights movement has really helped blacks. Discussion about the
distinction that many whites make between black pioneers and blacks that
have come out more recently. There are many more opportunities for
black
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
Not many social outlets for blacks in
Spokane. Many activities were integrated.
Series CT 2/7: Mrs. James Clow
Occupation of Interviewee: housewife
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1895
Geographical Areas Covered: Portland
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Portland, Oregon
Date of Interview: 7/20/73
Length of Interview: 25 min.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/28/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
She came to Portland in 1936 when she was
married, from Richmond, Virginia. Talks about her husband's family from
Texas. Courtship and marriage.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 5
Mount Olivet Baptist Church, the largest
black church in Portland.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
Blacks were scattered throughout the town
although all the black churches were in Montibelo. Many owned their own
homes.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
Attended University of Oregon from
1937-1941. Active blacks in the community. Civil rights workers, Her
husband's involvement in the NAACP.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
She hasn't maintained many contacts with
relatives. Other black families in Portland. Recreation.
Politics.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
More on residential patterns of blacks in
Portland. Albina. Read the Chicago Defender, Black newspapers in
Portland.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 19
Feelings about living in Portland-its
advantages and disadvantages.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 25
Husband's involvement with the Urban
League. The church women organized a club to help blacks get served in
restaurants.
Series CT 2/8: Mrs. Margaret
Cogwell
Occupation of Interviewee: restaurant owner, farm wife
Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Seattle, WA
Date of Interview: 9/29/72
Length of Interview: 30 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/28/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
She came from Newton, Kansas in 1910.
Family back-- ground. How she came to Seattle. She ran a little
restaurant on Seneca for a couple of years.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
Moved south of Olympia to Rochester in
1919--they raised strawberries, turkeys, and cucumbers. They farmed
there until 1953 when she returned to Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
Black churches in Seattle. Her husband's
family background. Work on the farm. She talks about her
children.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 16
Most of the blacks lived in East Madison
in Seattle in 1910. Most owned their homes. Well-known black families in
Seattle. Black businesses. Visited- with relatives in Texas
often.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 21
Entertainment--dances, church, picnics.
Lodges in town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 26
Her husband worked on the roads for the
city. Blacks in Olympia. Mr. Barnette, who had a band, has a local park
named after him.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
Her feelings about how children are raised
differently nowadays.
Series CT 2/9-10: Reverend and Mrs. Sam
Coleman
Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Coleman--minister; Mrs.
Coleman--schoolteacher
Birthdate of Interviewee: Mrs. Coleman--1903
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Pasco, WA
Date of Interview: 12/7/72-12/8/72
Length of Interview: 2 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/28/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 10
Her family background, From Mississippi
and came to Washington in 1916. Her father worked for the rail-- road.
Other blacks in Pasco. Most lived in railroad cars on the east side of
town. Then they went to California and Chicago. Life in Chicago. They
ret
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
They married in 1927. She was the first
colored girl to graduate from Pasco High School (1924). She almost
married a foot doctor. Her experiences teaching school.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 21
There were no black farmers in the area.
Other black families in the area. He was from Chicago and came out to
Pasco in 1944. He worked as a cook for the railroad in 1915 or s-o. The
Great Northern paid more than the Pullman Company. He then went into
the
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 30
He bought property in Pasco in the 30's
but didn't move there. He talks about his businesses in Seattle- he was
the first Negro general contractor in Washington. Experiences working in
Denver in 1920--there was trouble working with whites.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 6
Their marriage. She had attended Whitman
College. More about his businesses in Seattle and his associates. How he
got his hardware business. Two colored lawyers in Seattle. He lost a lot
of money on the hardware store.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 8
Working as a contractor. The unions didn't
like coloreds working in certain areas of town.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 12
They returned to Pasco in 1944. He had
pastored a rescue mission in Olympia until 1938 when the Lord told him
he was evangelistic. They traveled contin-- uously until the gas
rationing. Then he worked in order to get gas stamps.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 18
They built a home on their property in
Pasco in 1943. He established the first black church in 1944 on the
request of white ministers in town. Many were coming into town for the
Hanford project. Problems with building the church because he wanted to
build
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 22
His activities with the Missionary
Pentecostal Asso-- ciation until 1944. They worked more with white
people than with colored when they were travelling evangelists. Black
churches throughout the West.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 26
More about his church and other churches
in Pasco. He ran his church until 1949. In 1944 through the NAACP and
the Urban League they tried to get restaurants to serve
blacks.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 10
More about the NAACP. The whites in town
wanted all the minorities on the east side of the RR tracks. The
problems he had trying to build on the west side. Troubles with his
lawyers.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
Talks about the land he owned and who he
sold it to. Talks about his relatives.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 23
He has never been involved with politics.
A rich man and a politician have no place in heaven. More about problems
building in Pasco. He had a cafe in town, too, and fed some of the black
workers on the Hanford project. Problems getting paid. Other
proper
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
Selling his property after the war. He
refused to buy property on the east side of the tracks on
principle.
2, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Talks about the railroad and working with
Turner, a redcap. Other families in the area. Her parents owned property
in Pasco, too.
2, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 29
More about their evangelism in mostly
white churches. Black churches in Seattle. Growth of black churches in
the Northwest. Black evangelists. The Pentecostals often criticized
other religions. He talks about his own religious ideas.
Series CT 2/11: Mrs. Thelma
DeWittig
Occupation of Interviewee: first black public schoolteacher in Washington
Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle area
Interviewer: Charles Ramsay
Location of Interview: Seattle, WA
Date of Interview: 1/18/73
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/30/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
She came to Seattle from Texas in 1947 to
do graduate work at University of Washington. She was an only child.
Schooling in Texas. Family background. Talks about her teaching in
Texas.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
The black church in Seattle. Communists
organizations. NAACP and the Urban League were connected with the
church.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
Travelling on the train first-class from
Dallas. Problems with discrimination.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
Other black organizations she worked with.
Clubs in the area. More blacks lived in the central area. Not many owned
property; most blacks weren't born in Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
Black businesses in Seattle. Black
undertaker did a good job. She and her husband lived in a large mansion
in Seattle that another woman owned. Church club meetings in the
house.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 21
Problem with a woman who thought the first
black teacher in the area should have been from Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 24
Teaching in the Seattle area. Not many
blacks went on to college.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 24 - 30
Discrimination towards her while at the
University of Washington. A black had never taught a white child in
Seattle. Recommendations for her first job.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
More about teaching. Clothing styles in
the 401s. She was always "smartly dressed." other blacks who dressed
well.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
Sports activities that blacks participated
in. Enter-- tainment included private parties and dances. Blackwell was
a famous black-musician from the area. Other black singers and
dancers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 11
Teaching union. Trouble with
discrimination when going on conventions. Other black teachers hired
after her.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
Political persuasion was generally
Republican among blacks. She was a delegate to several Democratic
conventions, Black politicians.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 21
She generally kept up with what other
blacks in the area were doing. She feels communication among blacks is
better now. She tried to keep up with the black journals and newspapers.
She maintained contacts with people she worked with in the
South.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 25
Negroes feelings towards other minorities
and vice versa. Organizations she has worked for.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 29
Her feelings about living in Seattle and
the cooperation blacks have received. Discipline in the schools has been
a problem.
Series CT 2/12: Mrs. Armeta Duncan
Birthdate of Interviewee: 4/12/85
Geographical Areas Covered: Butte, Montana
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Butte, Montana
Date of Interview: 4/4/74
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/31/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 1 - 4
Born in Virginia near where Lee
surrendered. Story of her aunt being visited by Robert E. Lee and
Ulysses S. Grant. Family background.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
She traveled from Philadelphia with a
couple as a servant in 1905. She stayed in Butte because she met her
future husband.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
She worked at the Four Jacks Club as a
waitress. Other jobs. Two black churches when she moved to Butte, a
Methodist and a Baptist. Other Negro social clubs.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
Black businesses. Blacks were employed
throughout the city. Frank Castle, the black policeman.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 20
Well-known blacks in Butte. Her family and
their accomplishments. She maintains contact with relatives in
Virginia.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 27
Other black families in Butte. Sports
activities. Black baseball team. Black musicians. Charlie Pride is from
Montana.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 27 - 29
NAACP Chapter in town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 29 - 30
Her husband was a foot
specialist.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
She talks about her husband's work. She
reads from an article about him.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
Jobs other blacks had in town--janitors,
waiters, porters. Many were personal servants of wealthy mine
owners.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
The black servants were generally
well-treated by their white employers. Names of some of the rich
families. Blacks who worked in local government.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 12
Why black people moved out of Butte. Many
went to work in the shipping yards in WW II.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
Blacks in surrounding areas. Publications
they read to keep up with black activities in other places. Her daughter
talks a bit about working for the Amsterdam News.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 19
Blacks interactions with other minorities
in Butte. Other black newspapers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 23
Feelings about living in Butte. Her
daughter also talks about life in Butte.
Series CT 2/13: Dr. Walter Duncan
Occupation of Interviewee: podiatrist
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1909
Geographical Areas Covered: Butte
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Butte, Montana
Date of Interview: 4/3/74
Length of Interview: 50 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/31/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Family background. How his parents came to
Butte. His father was a podiatrist.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
Two black churches in Butte until 1928
when many blacks moved away from Butte.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
Black Mason organization. Other black
social clubs. Most of the blacks lived in the central part of town. Many
owned their own property.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
Black businesses in Butte. His father
owned a barbershop for a while.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
His schooling in Butte. Schoolmates and
their accomplishments. His children and their accomplish-- ments.
Maintains contacts with relatives in Wash-- ington, D.C.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 24
Black sports activities and well-known
athletes. Black baseball teams in the late 20's and early 30's. Other
entertainment for blacks. Musicians, singers, and dancers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 24 - 30
More about his father's education and
professions. National organization for podiatrists.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Organizations he belongs to. He remembers
most blacks as Democrats. Not many black politicians. Other jobs blacks
did.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
Talks about why the black population has
decreased in Butte. He feels it is partly due to prejudice. Not many
black miners until WW II. Pit mining. Places blacks moved--many went to
the shipyards in Seattle.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 13
Blacks in surrounding towns. He thought
about passing his race by. His mother kept him up with black acti--
vities in other places. Talks about his schooling.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 18
He was impressed by Jelly Roll Morton and
Louis Armstrong as a child. Associations with other minorities;
underworld Chinese.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 21
His feelings about living in Butte.
Several factions of blacks in Butte.
Series CT 2/14: Verron Dunning
Occupation of Interviewee: postman
Birthdate of Interviewee: February, 1882
Geographical Areas Covered: Centralia
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor and ?
Location of Interview: Centralia, WA
Date of Interview: 8/24/72
Length of Interview: 30 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 5/31/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Talks about George Washington, a local
pioneer. He was raised by a black woman in Michigan. Other blacks in
Centralia; Stacy Kunos.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 5
Talks about William Bryan and his wife who
were early pioneers. Other blacks in his neighborhood.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
Talks about coming West. The railroad
started in 1889. Immigrant trains. His schooling.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
George Washington's wife was white.
Stories of Washington's early life. The story is that he was poisoned by
whites. Washington was involved with the church but not in politics. He
was the richest man in town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 15
George Bush, another pioneer in the area.
Washington died in 1935. More about George Washington and his
children.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 18
Talks about Centralia-The First 50 Years.
Other blacks in Centralia; there are none in Centralia now.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 21
How George Washington saved the town. He
was very generaous in selling the land he owned. He was part Jewish.
Talks about some of the pictures he has.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 28
George Washington didn't keep much
contacts back East although he did take a trip back there once. The town
was started in 1890.
Series CT 2/15-16: Lawrence
Freeman
Occupation of Interviewee: horsetrainer
Birthdate of Interviewee: Jan. 7, 1897
Geographical Areas Covered: Clarkston, WA; Montana
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Clarkston, WA
Date of Interview: 6/12/74
Length of Interview: 1 hr. 10 min
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/4/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Has lived in Clarkston since 1919. Family
background. How his parents met and moved to Montana. His father worked
with horses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 9
There were never many blacks in Montana.
Talks about the ranch his family lived on in Montana. Mr. Bailey, who
became rich with his horse ranch. Story of building a castle for a
winning horse.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 19
He practically grew up on a horse. He was
taught to ride race horses. Various jobs his father held. Talks about
his work as a trainer. He was too tall to be a jockey. Talks about the
savvy it takes to be a jockey. He won races all over the Pacific
Northwe
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 23
During World War I he trained horses for
officers at Camp Dodd. He was in the Army until 1919 when he started
racing horses professionally. Harness racing in Montana.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 30
Training saddle horses. He always worked
by contract. He trained many winning horses. Racing in
California.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Training Sea Biscuit in California.
Barnyard race horses. The expense of training a racehorse.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 12
Eventually settled in Clarkston in 1919.
More about horses he trained in Clarkston. Story of a race in
Seattle.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
Working with the rodeo as a bareback
rider. George Fletcher, the rodeo rider. He was part Indian and the
judges wouldn't look at him. Being black wasn't a problem.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
Talks about his wife, a Umatilla-French
woman who died during childbirth. His son is also dead.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 23
Work with the Lewiston Saddle Club. He has
trained lots of kids to ride. His philosophy about teaching. He worked
for the saddle club from 1940 to 1954 or so.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
Other jobs he worked--porter, part-time
help window washing.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
Here the tape becomes distorted and is
difficult to understand. Relations with other minorities in the
area.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0-2
Other ethnic groups in the area. In
California he worked with a lot of Mexicans. Many Indians in the
area.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 2-3
His trick with the nail in his ring to get
the horse to run.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3-7
His feelings about living in the
Northwest.
Series CT 2/17: Mr. and Mrs. Reginald
Frye
Geographical Areas Covered: Yakima
Interviewer: Charles Ramsey
Location of Interview: Yakima, WA
Date of Interview: 8/21/72
Length of Interview: 45 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/5/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
She talks about how much of her history
has been lost. Discussion about blacks who lost their black identities
when they came West.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
Blacks in Yakima. Family background.
Homesteading. He thinks most blacks came out around 1889.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 16
Talk about Corfu, a black community in the
area. General discussion about George Washington and other black
families. Story of some blacks who struck gold.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 18
More talk about migrating
blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Black barbershops in Yakima. He saw
possibilities for work in Yakima. How he came to Yakima. All of his
brothers eventually came out, too. Other jobs he had.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
Selling black products.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
Talks about his family history. His father
was a black- smith. How his father made his own tools. Shows pictures of
his family.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 15
He talks with the two interviewers about
where they are from. The name "George Washington" and its popularity
among blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 22
General discussion about friends. She
talks about her father and family background.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 22
They talk about the Mormons and the blacks
who accompanied them.
Series CT 2/18: Carver Gayton
Birthdate of Interviewee: Oct. 18, 1938
Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle
Interviewer: Unknown
Location of Interview: Seattle, WA
Date of Interview: 8/7/73
Length of Interview: 50 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/5/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Family background. Father born in Seattle,
mother from Nashville. Talks about growing up in Seattle. Parents worked
for the post office. Other jobs.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
Black churches. YMCA and YWCA. Other
social activities. Famous black performers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
The Hendrix family. Other social clubs.
Grandfather's activity in Republican Party. Many blacks lined up with
leftist concerns.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 12
Father worked at the Black Diamond Coal
Mine in what is now Hazelwood. Grandfather moved there in the
20's.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
Black businesses in Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
Talks about his children. Not many
contacts with relatives back East. Other black families in the area.
Changes in black fashions.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 25
Sports activities. Carver AC's an
all-black baseball team. Other social activities. Black
music.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 26
Talks about his job as a
lawyer.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Problems blacks had in Seattle. Unions.
Jobs available for blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
Blacks in politics. Black social clubs and
frater-- nities.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 9
Books his family reads to keep up with
black activities and history. Black newspapers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 11
Contacts with other
minorities.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 17
Thoughts about growing up in Seattle. Most
of his friends were white. As he got older he started to realize
discrimination against him. Feelings about discrimina-- tion and how
difficult it is to deal with.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
He doesn't see Seattle as different from
other places in the attitudes towards blacks. He feels more secure back
East where there are more blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 20 -22
Talks about his parents and their feelings
about being black.
Series CT 2/19: Virginia Gayton
Occupation of Interviewee: post office worker
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1903
Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Seattle, WA
Date of Interview: 2/5/74
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/5/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Family background. Early life, high school
in Spokane. Attended Howard University in Washington, D.C. in the early
20's. Father was a railroad worker. How his parents got married. There
were no good jobs for her parents who both had been schoolteachers
i
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
The First African Methodist Episcopal
Church in Seattle. Other black churches.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 9
Black social clubs. YMCA and YWCA. The
Coleman family.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 13
Most blacks lived in the northern section.
Real estate agents who tried to keep all the blacks in one
area.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 21
Black businesses she recalls. The Gross
family. Black community leaders. Rosten and the Marine Association.
Names other blacks she remembers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 22
She didn't maintain contacts with Eastern
relatives.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 26
Clothing styles. Describes her wedding
dress. Zoot suits.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 27
Black athletes and black teams. It was
hard for boys that wanted to play football at University of
Washington.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
Famous black musicians and
dancers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 2 - 4
Talks about her work at the post office
and other jobs. Job opportunities for blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 6
Many blacks turned from Republican to
Democratic. Black politicians.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 12
Many blacks moved into the area during WW
II. Black newspapers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 15
Black political and civil rights
organizations. Other minority groups.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 22
Her feelings about the Pacific Northwest
and her experiences. She never had trouble finding work.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 30
Talks a bit about the older folks who
lived in Seattle. Family structure. More about clothing
styles.
Series CT 2/20: Mr. and Mrs. Levi
Harris
Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Harris--shipyard worker, highway worker; Mrs.
Harris--house-wife
Geographical Areas Covered: Portland, OR
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Portland, OR
Date of Interview: 7/18/73
Length of Interview: 50 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/6/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
He came to Portland in 1930. She arrived
in 1933. Family backgrounds.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
Black Baptist church in Portland. Other
black churches. Black Population. Black families. Job opportunities for
blacks.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 12
Black social clubs. Blacks lived in all
parts of Portland.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 18
Vanport was a housing project built by the
city,where many blacks lived. Blacks were actively recruited to work in
the shipyards. Black businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
NAACP and the Urban League. Black
community and business leaders in Portland. When the war started many
blacks moved into the community.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 25
They keep in contact with Eastern
relatives.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
He talks about his job working for various
oil companies. Entertainment. Famous black singers and dancers. More
about black clubs.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
Blacks were about equally Republican and
Democratic. Black politicians.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
Many blacks left Portland. They know a few
blacks in other states. How they find out about black activities
elsewhere.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
Not too much contact with other
minorities.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 22
Their feelings about living in Portland.
Jobs blacks have now.
Series CT 2/21: Ray Henry
Occupation of Interviewee: construction worker, railroad worker, hotel owner
Geographical Areas Covered: Pasco
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Pasco, WA
Date of Interview: 12/8/72
Length of Interview: 50 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/6/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
He came to Pasco in 1943 from Kansas.
Growth of Pasco. Other black families in town when he arrived. Black
churches.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
The East side of town was set aside for
Negroes. Most bought their own land. Trailer camps. Black businesses.
Many blacks left for jobs elsewhere.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 10
He was fired in 1943 but eventually got
another job. wages and opportunities were better here than in
Kansas.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
More about the black churches. Black
social clubs. Black businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 15
Well-known blacks in the community.
Clothing styles.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 17
Black baseball team in the 40's. Other
entertainment.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 19
The union. There were some black officers.
Black politicians. Most blacks were Democrats.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 21
More about his various jobs in Kansas and
Arkansas.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 27
Black newspapers. Contact with other
ethnic groups was limited. There were many racial incidents in the 40's.
Very few black supervisors.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
Blacks in the school. Memories of black
soldiers in the area.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 6
Why he decided to leave Kansas. Talks
about the different places he has lived in Pasco. He owned a hotel for
20 years.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 9
More about soldiers who came into town. He
later built a motel.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 15
Art Fletcher, a well-known community
leader and politician. Blackco-op. Many had stock in the co-op service
station. Black insurance companies.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 17
Other people Mr. Taylor should talk
to.
Series CT 2/22-23: Franklin James and Mrs.
Franklin James
Occupation of Interviewee: coal miner, cannery worker
Geographical Areas Covered: Roslyn, Yakima
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Yakima, WA
Date of Interview: 8/21/72
Length of Interview: 70 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/4/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Father worked for railroad in Virginia.
Came to Washington in 1898. Family background. Father's stories about a
Confederate soldier.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 9
Education for blacks. His first job as a
coal miner. Strikes. He worked in the mines from 1917-1924.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 13
He played piano. Other black musicians in
the area. Enter-- tainment in the local tavern. Bootleg whiskey. Black
baseball teams.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 16
Well-known blacks in the area. They
maintained contact with some eastern relatives but they gradually lost
touch.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 20
Blacks in the mines in Roslyn. Black
population in Roslyn. Most blacks left when the mines shut down in the
early 30's. He hoboed back east and eventually got married in 1926 after
leaving the mines.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 20 - 26
Black businesses in Roslyn. Black
churches. Holidays. Emancipation Day.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Company store in Roslyn.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 4
Newspapers they read to keep up with black
activities--The Seattle Enterprise was Negro owned and run.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
Indians in the area. Discrimination
against Chinese. Black settlers. Black athletes. Blacks in
WWI.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 11
Mr. Shepard who brought many blacks to the
area. Local trans- portation. Early automobile owners.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 13
More about the mine--most of the bosses
were white. Mining equipment.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 17
Mine explosion in 1910 or so. Workers
benefits. There was no insurance or retirement.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 22
Feelings about what it was and is like to
be a black living in Roslyn and in Yakima. Talks about working in
Yakima. (His wife talks but is too far away from the microphone to be
understood.)
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
George Fletcher, a black cowboy. Other
black cowboys. Fletcher was better than Yakima Canutt but discrimination
kept him down.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
Black families in Yakima. General
discussion about black oldtimers and the need for this kind of
collection.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
The NAACP in Yakima. She was very active
in the organization. Problems getting served in restaurants in Yakima. A
lawsuit in the late 30's.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 18
Segregation came about as a result of
attitudes of many Southern settlers. Discrimination when he worked in
the mines in Roslyn. Problems at the cannery where she worked. Their
daughter and her accomplishments.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 21
She remembers that many blacks owned their
own homes in Yakima because it was hard to find good places to rent.
Differences for blacks in the West and blacks in the South.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 27
Her activities in politics. They were
Democrats and never were involved with the Republicans. Their
son.
Series CT 2/24: Raymond Johnson
Occupation of Interviewee: maintenance
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1925
Geographical Areas Covered: Missoula
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Missoula, MT
Date of Interview: 3/3/74
Length of Interview: 20 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction:6/6/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
His parents were from Minneapolis. He was
born here. How his parents met and married. Family
background.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 5
Black Methodist church in Missoula. Black
population. Jobs blacks worked in. Almost all owned their own property.
Black businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
Jimmy Dorsey, a successful black lawyer
from Missoula. Maintains contacts with relatives. Other black families.
Black athletes. Famous blacks that came through the area.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 10
Most blacks were Democrats. Talks about
his stint in the service during World War II.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
The black population has really decreased
in Missoula. Job opportunities better elsewhere. Blacks in neighboring
towns. Black newspapers and magazines.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 14
Blacks had a lot of contact with other
minority groups, especially Indians.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
His feelings about his life and
experiences in Missoula. More about when blacks started moving out of
Missoula.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 21
Talks about some of the early Negro
cowboys. Development of civil rights legislation.
Series CT 2/25: Frank King
Occupation of Interviewee: farmer
Birthdate/Interviewee: 1902
Geographical Areas Covered: norther Idaho
Interviewer: Charles Ramsay
Location of Interview: Tensed, ID
Date of Interview: 4/5/73
Length of Interview: 50 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/7/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Came out west in 1903. They got a
homestead in 1910. How they got their homestead.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
Real rough the first couple of years.
Started with oats and wheat. Custom threshing outfits. How they
gradually expanded their area of cultivation.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 11
Clearing the land. Chores before going to
school. Chopping wood.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
Schooling. Six families lived in the
valley where their homestead was.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 21
Farming equipment was all horse-drawn. How
they expanded their land holdings. He took over the farm in 1927 when
his father died.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 23
Their experiences during the 1929
Depression. Decision to sell their cattle.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Prices during the first World War. Talks
more about their land.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 5
Never involved in politics although they
always voted.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
Why their parents decided to move out West
from North Carolina.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 12
Never any problems with discrimination.
Problem with the teacher who wouldn't let the kids play together. Fun as
a kid. Fishing and hunting. Travelling. Yellowstone Park.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 16
Going to Farmington, WA. No other Negroes
in the area. A few lived in Coeur d'Alene. Other blacks he knew
of.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 19
Feelings about life and experiences in the
area. Farming is a free life. The price of land at present.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 23
A little contact with local Indians. Not
many other ethnic groups in the area. Farm work and
equipment.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 28
Clearing brush off their land. Butchering
hogs.
Series CT 2/26: Mr. and Mrs. Randolph
King
Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. King--railroad worker, custodian
Geographical Areas Covered: Twin Falls, ID
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Twin Falls, ID
Date of Interview: 6/7/73
Length of Interview: 40 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/7/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
He came to Twin Falls at the age of 24
from Oklahoma City. Working on the railroad.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 8
She was born in Memphis, he in Louisiana.
They keep up contacts with relatives. No black churches in town. Blacks
have lived all over town. Black businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 14
Talks about the various jobs he has held.
Black children in the local schools. Another Negro business. Other black
families.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 16
Making a commercial for Kodak.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 22
Entertainment. Black club in town. Famous
black singers and dancers who came through town. Black
athletes.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 25
Job opportunities for blacks. Migrant
workers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 28
Most of the blacks- are Democrats. He
doesn't talk politics much because Idaho is a Republican
state.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Where blacks from Twin Falls have moved.
Blacks in surrounding towns--they don't know too many. Black newspapers
and magazines.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
Black farmer in the area. Not much contact
with ethnic groups in the area. Black soldiers in the area.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
Experiences and feelings about living in
Twin Falls.
Series CT 2/27-28: Mr. and Mrs. William
King
Occupation of Interviewee: farmer
Birthdate of Interviewee: Mr. King - 1894
Geographical Areas Covered: northern Idaho
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Tensed, ID
Date of Interview: 4/5/73
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/8/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Stump ranching in northern Idaho. He
worked for I.A. Brown.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 9
Life in North Carolina before they moved
West. Family back-- grounds. Her father worked in a tobacco plant.
Durham, North Carolina. How they came West. Her work in
Spokane.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 15
More about the blacks in Spokane. She
talks about her family. Her early religious upbringing. Calvary Baptist
Church in Spokane.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 17
Their courtship and marriage. Talk a bit
about the Indians.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
Why he decided to homestead where he
did.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 20 - 23
She tells about working in the Davenport
Hotel. More about how they met. First car.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 30
He had his own horses and started raising
oats, barley, and potatoes. He also helped his brothers. Getting stumps
out of the ground. Raising cattle.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
More about raising cattle. He raised a few
hogs.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 9
Hard to start a new farm now. The local
Indians. Land has increased in value tremendously since they bought
their land.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 11
One of their granddaughters works in
Pullman. Other children.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 15
Farm equipment and land. Pat Walsh, the
railroad inspector. Well-to-do blacks in Spokane.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 20
His brothers, their places, and families.
Their children.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 20 - 23
They like living in the country. Wildlife
in the area.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 30
He was drafted and went into the service
during WW I. Burial detail. The campaigns were segregated.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 1-30
This tape is William King talking
generally about the King's early life in northern Idaho. There is
considerable background buzzing and some of the tape is completely
inaudible.
Series CT 2/29: William Knott
Occupation of Interviewee: Tailor
Birthdate of Interviewee: March 7, 1896
Geographical Areas Covered: Great Falls, MT
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Great Falls, MT
Date of Interview: 4/2/74
Length of Interview: 40 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/18/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
His parents came by train from Memphis in
1892. Family background. Early Great Falls--sporting girls and cow
punchers. Father first worked as a janitor.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
Not many Negroes in Great Falls. Black
barbershops wouldn't cut blacks' hair. Black church. The African
Methodist Episcopal Church.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 11
Black social clubs. There were not enough
colored men in town to organize anything. No Negro section of town.
Other black businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
Schooling. There was no segregation in the
school but prejudice was obvious once he got out of school. Alva Jacobs,
a well-- known black from the area.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
He is in close contact with other
relatives. Large black families in the area. Sports activities.
Entertainment. Shows that came through town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 22
Describes his work as a tailor--he had two
shops. Worked 14 years for the state liquor board. Other jobs available
for blacks.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 27
Most blacks were Democrats. Black
politicians and government workers. Blacks left the city for work
elsewhere.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Many blacks were railroad men and moved
with the railroad. Blacks in surrounding towns. He always kept in touch
with other blacks.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 4
He didn't care for the Chicago
Defender.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
Contacts with other ethnic groups--they
always got along with the Mexicans and the Indians. Black
soldiers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
His experiences and feelings about living
in Great Falls. He loves the mountains and the climate. Hunting and
fishing.
Series CT 2/30: James Lee
Occupation of Interviewee: porter; active in NAACP
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1907 Release: No
Geographical Areas Covered: Portland, OR
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Portland, OR
Date of Interview: 7/20/73
Length of Interview: 35 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/11/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
Came to Portland in 1929 from Texas.
Family background. He was a railroad worker.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
Black churches in Portland. Black social
clubs and organizations. Blacks lived mostly between the river and
Broadway. Black businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
Well-known blacks in the area. NAACP. He
has one daughter who attended school in Portland. Maintains contact with
relatives in Texas.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 13
Entertainment for blacks. Famous singers
and dancers. Work as a porter for the Pullman Company. Other work. Black
unions.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 18
Blacks coming into Portland during World
War II. Most blacks were Republican through the 30's. Black politicians.
Ship-- yard work, during WW II.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
Housing for blacks in Vanport City which
was washed away in the 50's.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 25
He still thinks lots of new blacks come
into Portland. Knows blacks in surrounding areas.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 27
Found out about blacks in other areas
through the NAACP. The Sentinel, a black newspaper.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
One school named after a black. No contact
with other ethnic groups. Feelings about living in Portland.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
More about his feelings about living in
Portland. Not many jobs were open to blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 4
More about work in the NAACP.
Series CT 2/31: Rev. and Mrs. Greenwood
Luster
Occupation of Interviewee: He is a minister. She works at a food processing
plant.
Geographical Areas Covered: Hermiston
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Hermiston, OR
Date of Interview: 7/18/73
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/11/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
He went to work at Hanford in 1942 from
Louisiana. Other work. Travelled around and settled in Hermiston in
1949. Wife did housework and workpd for telephone company.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
She came to the Northwest from Arkansas in
1941. Work in Portland and Pendleton.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 19
Why he came out to the North-west. He
helped to start the first black church in Hermiston. How the church got
started. Reverend Banks. Church attendance now.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 22
His family background.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 27
Blacks live all over town. In the 50's
most lived in the west part of town. Not many own property.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
Well-known blacks in the
community.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Major industries in Hermiston now. Job
opportunities for blacks. She talks about her job.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
They maintain contact with their
relatives. Main entertainment is church. James Goho (sp?) catered to the
Negros which made him unpopular among other whites.
Discrimination.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
The Smith family. Other forms of
entertainment for blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 16
Most blacks were Democrats. Where blacks
moved when they left Hermiston. The housing is much better now. Blacks
in surrounding areas.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 19
How they find out about blacks in other
areas. Many blacks worked with Mexican-Americans.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 27
How she feels about her life in Hermiston.
He talks about his experiences living in Hermiston. He feels spiritual
work is needed.
Series CT 2/32: Mr. and Mrs. Isadore Maney and
Mr. Maney's mother
Birthdate of Interviewee: Mr. Maney--1931; Mrs. Maney--1923; Mr. Maney's
mother-1895
Geographical Areas Covered: Portland, OR
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Portland, OR
Date of Interview: 7/20/73
Length of Interview: 50 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/12/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Mr. Maney's mother talks about her family
background. Her grandfather moved to Montana.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
Mr. Maney tells how his parents ended up
in Portland where he was born. Black churches in Portland. Blacks lived
in several parts of town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 12
Black social clubs and organizations.
Black businesses. Many railroad workers from the South. Other job
opportunities for blacks.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 19
Schooling and jobs Mr. Maney has held.
Well-known blacks in the community. What Portland was like for blacks
through the 20's. Law which prohibited blacks from owning property in
Oregon.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 25
Mr. Maney's mother talks about growing up
black in Montana. They maintain much contact with relatives. Other black
families in Portland.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
Effect the War (WW II) had on black
migration to the Portland area. Vanport, the housing section many blacks
lived in while they worked at the shipyards.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
More about the effect of WW II on black
population in Portland. Blacks in high school in 40's and 50's.
Opportunities for blacks in the 40's and 50's.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
Black baseball teams. Black merchants and
businesses. Famous black musicians and singers. Job opportunities for
blacks after the War.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 11
Most blacks were Democrats. Black
politicians. Blacks in government jobs.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 15
Blacks he knows in surrounding areas.
Black newspapers and magazines he reads to keep up with black
activities.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 16
Not much contact with other ethnic
groups.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 19
They all talk about their feelings about
living in the Northwest and in Portland.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 21
Talks a bit about his grandfather's
experience with the Ku Klux Klan.
Series CT 2/33: Ethel Monroe
Occupation of Interviewee: registered nurse
Geographical Areas Covered: Missoula, MT
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Missoula, MT
Date of Interview: 4/5/74
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/12/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Family background. Father from Tennessee.
Parents settled in Missoula around 1919 or so. Black churches in
Missoula. Not any black clubs.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
Blacks lived all over town. Many owned
their own places-- many whites wouldn't rent to blacks. Black
businesses. Her uncle ran a cleaning service. Not much contact with
relatives. Other black families.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 11
Black sports. Jim Dorsey, a black lawyer.
Rheinhardt was a well-known athlete. Other entertainment for blacks.
Famous blacks who came through town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
Her work as a nurse. Most blacks she knew
were Democrats. No black politicians or government workers. Black
population in Missoula.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 15
Many blacks were stationed at Ft. Missoula
in the 1890's. Many of their descendants settled in
Missoula.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 21
Blacks didn't work in the logging camps.
Job opportunities for blacks. Population has declined. No entertainment
was a problem. Many blacks moved to Seattle during World War
II.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 24
Blacks in surrounding areas. How they
found out what blacks were doing in surrounding areas.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 24 - 27
There was very little contact with
Indians.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
Her feelings about living in
Missoula.
Series CT 2/34: Sandy Moss
Occupation of Interviewee: diesel engineer
Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle, WA
Interviewer: Unknown
Location of Interview: Seattle, WA
Date of Interview: 12/2/72
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/12/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
His father was a stonemason who came to
Seattle from Kansas. They were originally from North Carolina. Black
churches.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 7
Holiday celebrations shared by whites and
blacks in the early 1900's. Blacks more or less lived alongside whites.
Few blacks owned their own property until the late teens.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 11
A few black businesses--barbershops and
hand laundries. School districting. Blacks in schools. Well-known blacks
from the area.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 14
More about family background. His work as
a diesel engineer. Keeps in contact with relatives in the
East.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 16
Black apartment houses in
Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 17
Care for widows and orphans by church or
fraternal orders.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 19
Clothing styles. Show people and
travelling salesmen often wore the latest styles.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 25
Sports activities. Black baseball team.
Good black baseball team from the Roslyn coal mines.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
Other forms of entertainment for blacks.
Dances. Vaudeville acts. Black YMCA and black YWCA.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Famous black singers and
dancers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
Whites wouldn't take Negros into the
union. His father had trouble finding work. Story of building a hotel
with Byrd, a black. In 1927 the brickmasons started accepting
blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 11
Black politicians. He was turned down for
a policeman's job. Blacks in government jobs in Olympia.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 16
More about his father's work building
breweries. Working at the gasworks. When the strike came many blacks
went to work at the coal mines. Blacks moved out of the area as other
jobs opened up.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 20
Influx of blacks into Seattle during both
World Wars. No news about blacks in local newspapers. The Pittsburgh
Courier, a black newspaper.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 20 - 25
Trouble with Scandanavians and Swedes who
refused to work with blacks. No trouble with black soldiers. No black
transient workers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
How hard it is for blacks to get together.
Strike at the dock.
Series CT 2/35: Mr. and Mrs. George
Nelson
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Pendleton, OR
Date of Interview: 11/9/72
Length of Interview: 45 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/13/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
He tells why he moved to Pendleton. Family
background. Black churches in LaGrande and Walla Walla.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 9
Establishing a black church in Pendleton
in 1949. No black organizations outside of the church except for the
NAACP.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 13
Black population in Pendleton is quite
small. Blacks live all over town. Job opportunities.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 18
Many blacks owned their own places. Many
came out in the late 40's and early 50's. Other black
families.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 26
Black businesses. Entertainment.
Athletics. The rodeo.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 28
Black cowboys in the rodeo.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
Black government workers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Black newspapers. Discussion about what
blacks call themselves. Transient black workers.
Gandy-dancers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
Travelling in the area. Blacks she knows
in surrounding area. Families in town.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 9
Unintelligible.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 16
Their feelings about living in the
Northwest. Job opportunities opening up although there aren't any
factories.
Series CT 2/36: Flexan Pierce
Occupation of Interviewee: houseworker
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1900
Geographical Areas Covered: Spokane, WA
Interviewer: Unknown
Location of Interview: Spokane, WA
Date of Interview: 10/30/72
Length of Interview: 40 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/13/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Came from North Carolina by train. Black
churches. Other organ-- izations--NAACP.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
Emancipation Day. Blacks lived all over
town and many owned property. Negro businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 8
Father was very strict. Churchwork quite
important. Schooling.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 11
Black population. Maintain contact with
relatives in North Carolina.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 12
Her marriage.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 13
Other black families in
Spokane.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 21
Clothing styles. Why people decided to
move out West from the South. Her husband talks a bit about his early
life (This is hard to understand). He talks about his experiences in
World War II.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 25
Black clubs. Politics. What happened to
blacks when they moved from Spokane.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
Unintelligible.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 10
General discussion about their family. How
the times have changed. (This is very difficult to hear.)
Series CT 2/37-38: Edward Pitter
Occupation of Interviewee: ship and dock worker; deputy sheriff; post office
worker
Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle, WA; Spokane, WA
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Seattle, WA
Date of Interview: 11/19/73
Length of Interview: 1 hr. 45 min.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/13/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 7
Came to Seattle in 1909 from Jamaica. (He
is very difficult to understand). Other work he has done in the
Northwest. Why he decided to settle in Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 8
Buildings in Seattle he
recalls.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 15
Family background. Born in Manchester,
Jamaica, Other Jamaicans he knew in Seattle. Marcus Garvey, well-known
black from Jamaica. Other famous blacks who visited Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 21
NAACP. Never joined a church in town.
Joined the Masons in 1919 or so. More about black churches in Seattle
when he moved here.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 25
Black clubs and lodges.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 27
Most blacks in the Madison Street
district. Mr. Gross' hotel.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
More about Mr. Gross. Mr. Woodson who
owned property in Spokane.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
Most blacks owned their own homes. Negro
businesses--mostly barbershops. Other blacks in the area. Black
soldiers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 13
Working on a ship. Trip to the Orient.
Story of having a good time in Shanghai.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 16
Discrimination in China. Experiences being
black in various places.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 23
His marriage in 1916. How he met his wife.
Their children. Not much contact with relatives.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
His wife and her relatives.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
Black baseball teams. T.S.
Barnette.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Early married life. More about black
baseball teams and players.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
Work as a deputy sheriff. Politics. He
later worked for the Post Office.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
Entertainment for blacks. Dances. Story of
a big dance.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
Famous black singers and dancers from
Seattle. Ray Charles and Quincy Jones. All the churches had good choirs.
Other well-known blacks.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 16
Talks about some of the work he's done:
insurance salesman, deputy sheriff, railroad worker, and coat check
work.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 22
Politics. Young Man's Democratic Club. He
organized other Democratic Clubs. Democratic Club activities. Other
political clubs.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 28
Blacks in politics and government jobs.
Bob Crane, whose father was an underworld figure.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
Policemen in 1919 or so. Other blacks in
government jobs.
2, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 1
Other blacks in government
jobs.
2, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 1 - 6
Many blacks from the South. Other black
families he remembers. Many blacks moved to California. Mr.
Porter.
2, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 8
Black magazines and newspapers. News about
blacks in other parts of the country.
2, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 10
Not too much contact with other
minorities.
2, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 14
His feelings about his life in the
Northwest.
Series CT 2/39: Mrs. Ollie Rucker
Geographical Areas Covered: Roslyn, WA; Franklin, WA
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Yakima, WA
Date of Interview: 7/22/72
Length of Interview: 30 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/13/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
Family background. Father came to Roslyn
as strike-breaker from Virginia. Later moved to mining area in Franklin
in King County. Black social clubs.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 8
Doesn't remember any black politicians.
Jim Shepardston, an influential black. Very well integrated area so
there was no discrimination. Doesn't remember any trouble between black
and white miners.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 15
How her parents happened to come out to
the Northwest. There were a few mixed marriages in Roslyn. Blacks in
other areas. Cleone and Barnette. Black families in the Yakima area.
Corfu, the black community on the Columbia.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 19
Talk about other families in Roslyn. The
Donaldson family. The Claxton family.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 23
No problem with discrimination. Schooling.
Black miners. Ravensdale, a black mining community in King
County.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
Her mother's father, a Scotsman. More
about family background.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 27
Not many political activities that she
recalls.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
Black businesses in Spokane.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Negro population in Spokane was very small
until World War II. Her family owned an orchard. The decline of the
company.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 13
Early Spokane. More about the decline of
the company. What happened to the property after the business was
finished. Her uncle's resort.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 19
Black social clubs. Many blacks owned
their own property. Ideas about black stereotypes. Black intellectuals
in the community.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 26
Activities for blacks in town. Her
father's activities after the orchard business was finished. Her
father's early life. The Quality Printing Company.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
She shows some photographs of family and
friends and talks about them.
Series CT 2/40: Sam Smith
Occupation of Interviewee: storekeeper; expeditor
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1922 Release: No
Geographical Areas Covered: Seattle
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Seattle, WA
Date of Interview: 11/20/73
Length of Interview: 30 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/15/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
Family background. Originally from
Louisiana. Permanently settled in Seattle in 1936 after being in the
Army. Education.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 2 - 6
Black churches, social clubs. Black
political clubs he helped to organize. Much contact with relatives. Work
as storekeeper and an expeditor, at Boeing. Many blacks at
Boeing.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 9
Most blacks were Democrats. Black public
officials and government workers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 16
How he got involved in politics. Talks a
bit about local politics and his election for City Council in 1967.
Election of 1969--- troubles in Seattle. His political philosophy.
Mayoral candidates, in 1972.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 16 - 19
Feelings about more blacks being elected
to office. He's never regretted going into politics.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 24
Legislation he was instrumental in
passing. City ordinances he worked on.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 24 - 28
His feelings about living in the
Northwest. Progress blacks have made in Seattle. The rest of this tape
is another interview with an unidentified man and woman.
Series CT 2/41: Mrs. Virgil
Stewart
Occupation of Interviewee: farm wife
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1908
Geographical Areas Covered: Boise, ID
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location: Boise, ID
Date of Interview: 6/5/73
Length of Interview: 45 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/15/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 6
Came to Boise in 1943 from Tennessee.
Family background. Story of Wallace Cooky (sp?) , a white contractor who
convinced her sister to move out West.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 12
Her brother-in-law was foreman of a ranch
in Idaho. Later she and her husband moved out. Stripping a cow, Working
at a dairy farm. Her work schedule was very difficult.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
After four years of working on another
ranch, they bought their own place. Convincing their husbands to buy the
place.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
Attending church in town. Story of
Reverend-Banks being put in jail.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 21
No black social clubs. Other black
families in the area.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 24
More about life on the ranch. Did daywork
and sewing.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 24 - 30
They often visited back in Tennessee.
Other relatives. Enter-- tainment. Organized some social clubs. Going to
the show.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Husband's work for the city. She was a
Republican but often voted Democratic. Her work as a
registrar.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 8
Blacks lived all over Boise. Many soldiers
and their wives lived in Boise. Blacks in surrounding areas. Keeping up
with black activities.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 10
No contact with other minorities.
Organizing a mission in a nearby town for Mexican transient
workers.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 12
Feelings about living in Idaho. Always
felt comfortable in Boise.
Series CT 2/42: Mrs. Henry Strong
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1888
Geographical Areas Covered: Roslyn
Interviewer: Charles Ramsay and Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Roslyn, WA
Date of Interview: 7/22/72
Length of Interview: 10 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/15/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
How she came to move to Roslyn. Reverend
Brown's church. Other churches. Visiting relatives back
East.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
Mr. Shepardston got black people to come
to work in the mines. Many blacks moved away from Roslyn. Well-known
blacks in town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 7
Not much problem with discrimination.
Social Life.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 9
Many foreigners lived in town. No blacks
worked for the city that she recalls.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 10
Talks about her brother and living in
British Columbia.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 11
Talks about some picture albums she has.
Other blacks in Roslyn.
Series CT 2/43-44: Jack Tanner
Occupation of Interviewee: lawyer
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1919
Geographical Areas Covered: Tacoma, WA
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Tacoma, WA
Date of Interview: 1/20/79
Length of Interview: 1 hr. 30 min.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/15/79-6/18/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Parents migrated to Washington from
Indiana and Mississippi in the late 1800's. Family background. Problems
his grandmother had in Indianapolis. Father a longshoreman.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
Black churches in Tacoma. Social life was
limited to church activities. Role of the church. Black social
clubs.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 12
Many blacks and other foreigners lived in
the central area of Tacoma. Black politicians. Other black officials and
government workers. Job opportunities for blacks--most on the
waterfront; no professionals.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
Education. Well-known blacks from the
Tacoma area.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
Wife's family came from Mississippi in
1924 or so. Story of them being ordered out of Mississippi.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 21
Black athletes. Entertainment was mostly
provided by the church. No fraternal or social organizations. Black
musicians and singers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 25
Some blacks joined unions. Many
longshoremen joined the union. He talks about the development of the
union movement. Blacks involved in the union.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 30
Many blacks started moving into the area
in the late 30's. Black soldiers at Ft. Lewis.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
More about black soldiers. More came
during the Korean War. GI Bill helped many blacks to go to school. Many
middle-class blacks in the Northwest. Many whites did not like the
influx of blacks. No outright discrimination but police brutality was
not uncom
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 17
NAACP was fairly active. It was
established in Tacoma in 1913. Miscegenation laws. His activities in the
NAACP. Involvement in the civil rights movement. Marches.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 27
Talks about his involvement in Indian
fishing rights demonstra-- tions. His work as a lawyer--arguing cases
before the Supreme Court.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
Blacks have not been as active in politics
as Indians have.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
More about Indian confrontations over
fishing rights. He has been involved with this problem since
1964.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 7
Blacks in politics. Black movements. He
was state chairman for the Democratic Party in 1967. Friendship with
Scoop Jackson. More about his political activities.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 14
His campaign for governor in 1968. His
campaign platform. Work with the NAACP made him politically
sophisticated. More about friendship with Jackson. Jackson's
Politics.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
What he would have done had he been
elected governor.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
Bush Prarie named after a black who
travelled with Lewis and Clark. Contact with other ethnic groups was
minimal. Black soldiers.
2, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 27
Feelings about living in the Pacific
Northwest.
Series CT 2/45: Mr. and Mrs. Warner
Terrell
Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Terrell--porter, bellhop; Mrs. Terrell--wrap
checker
Geographical Areas Covered: Boise, ID
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location: Boise, ID
Date of Interview: 6/5/73
Length of Interview: 40 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/18/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
She has been in Boise since 1932. He was
born in Boise in 1909, Family background. Her family travelled with
Brigham Young to Utah.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
Black churches in Boise. She grew up in
the Mormon religion, but later became Methodist. Black social
organizations and clubs. Blacks generally lived across the
tracks.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 14
No segregation in the schools. Blacks in
the schools. Well- known blacks from the community.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 18
Maintain contacts with relatives. Other
black families in the Boise area. Entertainment. Black baseball team,
the Boise Monarchs. Famous singers and dancers from Boise.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
Job opportunities for blacks have opened
up. Many worked for hotels in town. Many rich people in
Boise.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 27
Most blacks were Republicans. Not many
black city workers or politicians in the area.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Blacks in surrounding areas. Contact with
other ethnic groups. Tracy Thompson, the cowboy.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
Feelings about living in Boise. Changes
for blacks.
Series CT 2/46: Paul Thomas
Occupation of Interviewee: historian
Interviewer: Joyce Stephens
Location of Interview: Seattle, WA
Date of Interview: 10/21/74
Length of Interview: 1hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/18/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Sources for his thesis on George Bush, a
black pioneer. How he got interested in black history.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 9
Various theories about George Bush and
when he came West. The Bush family got along well with the
Indians.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 15
Difficulty in tracing the Bush family
tree. Trouble with research on George Bush who was relatively unknown.
Bush's personality.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 18
Examination of the 1850 Census
figures.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
Disposition of the Bush family
possessions. Relationship of the Bush settlement with the Indians was
always good. No diaries of the family.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 30
Other work George Bush did-guide, trapper.
Why the Bush's settled where they did. Couldn't settle in Oregon due to
legislation prohibiting blacks from owning property.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Simms, the postmaster and Indian agent and
his relationship with Bush. Trouble Bush had getting a clear title to
his home-- stead. Laws passed about blacks in 1843.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 10
Story about claimjumpers on Bush's place
in 1851 or so.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 18
Legislative manual first published in
1889. It has a biographical sketch of George Bush. Others who might have
information on Bush. General talk about other information
sources.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 18 - 23
Isaac Eby, formulated petition for Bush to
get his land. Story of Eby getting his head chopped off by
Indians.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 27
George Washington, a black in Centralia,
and Bush getting confused. Problems between Eastern and Western
Washington.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 27 - 30
The setting of the Washington boundary at
the 49th parallel.
Series CT 2/47: Mrs. Tracy Thompson (Bertie
Neoma)
Occupation of Interviewee: cleaning woman
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1885
Geographical Areas Covered: Pocatello, ID
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Pocatello, ID
Date of Interview: 6/8/73
Length of Interview: 45 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/18/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 4
Came to Pocatello in 1919. Originally from
Missouri. Travelled around with her husband, a rodeo rider. Courtship
and marriage. 4 - 5 More about her husbad's love to ride horses. Killed
in Bozeman
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 4 - 5
More about her husbad's love to ride
horses. Killed in Bozeman in 1939 while riding.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
Black church in Pocatello. Quite a few
blacks in the community. Church activities. Black social clubs and
organizations. Many blacks have moved now.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 13
Blacks lived all over. Black
businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 17
Well-known blacks in
Pocatello.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
Family background--originally from
Missouri. Other families in the area.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 20 - 23
Entertainment. Son played baseball with a
white team in the early, 20's. Famous singers and dancers that came
through.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 23 - 26
Job opportunities for blacks--many worked
for the railroad.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
Blacks in politics. Many blacks were
Democrats. Bothparties tried to attract the black vote.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
More about blacks and politics. No blacks
ever ran for office. Blacks in government jobs. Her work for the county
as a cleaning woman.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 7
She had 10 children. Talks about the 6 who
are living and where they are now.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 7 - 10
Many blacks have moved away. Most came
from the South. Blacks in surrounding areas.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 11
Other black cowboys in the Northwest.
George Fletcher.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 11 - 13
Her husband and the Indians got along well
together. Contact with other minorities.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 13 - 15
Feelings about living in the Northwest.
Job and educational opportunities are good.
Series CT 2/48: Thomas and Ophelia
Walker
Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Walker-janitor
Birthdate of Interviewee: Thomas 1904, Ophelia 1903
Geographical Areas Covered: Ananconda, MT
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Ananconda, MT
Date of Interview: 4/4/74
Length of Interview: 30 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/19/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
He came from Texas when he was 13. She's
been in Montana since 1923. Family backgrounds.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 6
Black churches in town. Black social
clubs. Blacks lived all over town. Schooling.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 9
Well-known blacks from the area. Contact
with relatives outside of Montana. Other black families.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 9 - 12
Black baseball team. Other entertainment.
Picnics. Local band.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 14
His work as a janitor for 42 years. Jobs
blacks had.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 21
Blacks in politics. Blacks in city and
county jobs. Black- population. Many blacks-moved to
Seattle.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 26
Blacks in surrounding towns. No contact
with other minorities.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 26 - 30
Their feelings about living in the
Northwest.
Series CT 2/49: Mr. and Mrs. John
Woods
Occupation of Interviewee: Mr. Woods--janitor
Birthdate of Interviewee: Mr. Woods--1889
Geographical Areas Covered: Yakima, WA
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Yakima, WA
Date of Interview: 8/5/72
Length of Interview: 40 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/19/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
Family backgrounds. Their family was from
Missouri.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
Attended a white church until 1906 when a
black church was established. The Missionary Society. Black social clubs
she is involved with. He talks about black fraternal organizations for
men.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
All the early pioneers owned their own
homes. Other black families in the area. Black businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 12
Most blacks were Republicans. Blacks in
city and county jobs.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 15
His work on a ranch and later in a bank.
City sites named after blacks.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 19
Blacks and Indians got along fine. Not
much discrimination. Contact with "Night Calvary". Black
soldiers.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 28
Their son, Henry, became a prominent
boxer--how he got started. He became lightweight champion of the Pacific
Northwest. Story of his son catching a freight train to California when
he was 16.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
Other well-known blacks from the
area.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 6
Jobs blacks have in Yakima. Black
population in the Yakima Valley. The Jones family, a black singing
group. Black baseball team. Black athletes.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 6 - 8
Married for 60 years. More about her
family background. (She shows some pictures and talks about
them).
Series CT 2/50: Charles Warren
Occupation of Interviewee: contractor
Birthdate of Interviewee: 1927
Geographical Areas Covered: Boise, ID
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of Interview: Boise, ID
Date of Interview: 6/4/73
Length of Interview: 1 hr.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/19/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 5
Has lived in Boise since 1958. His
feelings about racism and dis-- crimination in the Northwest. A
qualified black has always been able to find work. Changes in
Boise.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 12
Originally from Arkansas. Family
background. Family moved to California. Father a minister who
established Bethel AME Church in Boise. Other black churches in
Boise.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 12 - 15
Black organizations and clubs. Not many
blacks involved in politics. Leroy Jones, a black lawyer.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 19
He is president of the local NAACP. Most
members are white. History of the local chapter.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 19 - 24
Blacks live all over town. A few
discrimination problems.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 24 - 30
Not many black businesses in
Boise.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 2
More about problems starting businesses
owned by blacks.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 2 - 5
Maintains close contact with relatives.
Blacks in surrounding areas.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 10
Black athletes in the area. Other forms of
entertainment. Belinda Hubbard, a singer from the area. He has played
saxophone for various bands.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 10 - 15
He now works as a masonry contractor.
Involvement with program to recruit minorities. Placing non-union blacks
in union positions.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 15 - 21
Many resources available to blacks in the
Boise area although he feels they are not taken advantage
of.
1, Side B
Minutes (approx.): 21 - 26
No blacks on his construction crew because
he can't find any qualified blacks who want to work.
Series CT 2/51: C. A. White
Occupation of Interviewee: stockman, informational specialist
Geographical Areas Covered: Portland, OR
Interviewer: Quintard Taylor
Location of interview: Portland, OR
Date of Interview: 7/18/73
Length of Interview: 30 mins.
Abstractor: Margot H. Knight
Date of Abstraction: 6/19/79
Release: No
Restrictions: No
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 0 - 3
He came to Portland in 1947 from Texas. He
did a lot of odd jobs at first. Family background.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 3 - 5
Mt. Olive Baptist Church in Portland.
Other black churches. Black social clubs and organizations.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 5 - 8
Vanport, a black community between
Vancouver and Portland. Most blacks lived in Albina area. Vanport flood
in 1948. Not many black businesses.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 8 - 14
NAACP active since 1914, Well-known
blacks, from the community, Phil Reynolds and Edgar Williams who worked
with the NAACP.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 14 - 17
Kept in close contact with relatives in
Texas. Entertainment for blacks. Black baseball teams.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 17 - 20
Work as a stockman and informational
specialist. Industry in Portland. Job opportunities for
blacks.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 20 - 22
Most blacks are Democrats. Blacks in
county and city jobs. Black politicians.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 22 - 25
Most blacks remained in Portland. Contacts
with blacks in surrounding areas. Portland Reporter, a black
newspaper.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 25 - 28
City sites named after blacks. Black
doctors in town.
1, Side A
Minutes (approx.): 28 - 30
Feelings about living in the
Northwest.