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Virginia Cole Trenholm papers, 1929-1979

Overview of the Collection

Creator
Trenholm, Virginia Cole, 1902-
Title
Virginia Cole Trenholm papers
Dates
1929-1979 (inclusive)
Quantity
2.25 cubic feet (5 boxes)
Collection Number
03597
Summary
Repository
American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming
American Heritage Center
University of Wyoming
1000 E. University Ave.
Dept. 3924
Laramie, WY
82071
Telephone: 3077663756
ahcref@uwyo.edu
Access Restrictions
Access Restrictions

There are no access restrictions on the materials for research purposes, and the collection is open to the public.

Languages
English
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Historical Note

Virginia Cole Trenholm (1902-1994) was a historian who wrote four books on the Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians of the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming.

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Content Description

Collection includes correspondence (1929-1979); subject files containing correspondence, research notes, etc. (1929-1974); newspaper clippings; and research notebooks which contain correspondence, contracts with publishers, etc.

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Use of the Collection

Restrictions on Use

Copyright Information

The researcher assumes full responsibility for observing all copyright, property, and libel laws as they apply.

Preferred Citation

Preferred Citation

Item Description, Box Number, Folder Number, Collection Name, Collection Number, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.

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Administrative Information

Related Materials

Related Materials

There are no known other archival collections created by Virginia Cole Trenholm at the date of processing.

Acquisition Information

Acquisition Information

The collection was received from Virginia Cole Trenholm in 1980.

Processing Note

Processing Information

The finding aid was encoded by Katelyn Wittenborn and D. Claudia Thompson in 2020.

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Detailed Description of the Collection

Container List
  • Articles:

    • Description: "Frank Huston and His Comments", THE CUSTER MYTH, by Col. W. A. Graham. Xerox copy with annotation in red and black ink
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "Another Version of the Story of 'Red Horse,' "THE CUSTER MYTH, by Col W. A. Graham. Xerox copy with annotation in red and black ink
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "The Arikara", THE CUSTER MYTH, by Col. W. A. Graham. Xerox copy with annotation in red and black ink
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "The Great Significance of Indian Names", EMPIRE MAGAZINE, by Opal Hartsell Brown. Xerox copy; original returned to donor
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "Indians", Xerox copy
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "Indians of Wyoming", LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS PUBLICATION # 35. Xerox copy
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "Photographic Collections of the Bureau of American Ethnology", SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "Robert Foote", ANNALS OF WYOMING, by Mrs. Charles Ellis. Xerox copy
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "Swan Company Memories 1925 to 1939", by Robert R. Larson. Note to Virginia, from Robert, attached
      Dates: April 30, 1980
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: "Photographic Collections of the Bureau of American Ethnology", SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
  • Booklets:

    • Description: ABOUT ARIZONA. The Valley National Bank
      Dates: 1967
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: ALL AMERICAN INDIAN DAYS. Sheridan Wyoming. August 4, 5, 6, 1967
      Dates: 1967
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: ALL AMERICAN DAYS. Sheridan, Wyoming
      Dates: 1973
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: AMERICAN INDIANS AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: THE AMERICAN INDIANS: ANSWERS TO 101 QUESTIONS. United States Department of the Interior of Indian Affairs
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: ANSWERS TO YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT AMERICAN INDIANS. United States Department of the Interior, Bureaus of Indian Affairs
      Dates: 1970
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: BENT'S FORT ON THE ARKANSAS. State Historical Society of Colorado
      Dates: 1954
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: THE CHEROKEES PAST AND PRESENT. J. Ed. Sharpe, Cherokee Publications
      Dates: 1970
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: COLORADO'S HALL OF FAME. Mary and Gene Martin, Little London Press
      Dates: 1974
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: DE GRAZIA PAINTS THE YAQUI. Ted De Grazia, University of Arizona Press
      Dates: 1968
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES. Grant Foreman, Hoffman Printing Company
      Dates: 1966
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: FORT FETTERMAN'S CEMETERY. Sharon Lass Field
      Dates: 1970
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: FORT GIBSON. Grant Foreman, Hoffman-Speed Printing Co.
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: FORT VASQUEZ. Leroy R. Hafen, The State Historical Society of Colorado
      Dates: 1964
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: A GUIDE FOR VISITORS TO THE WINSTON CHURCHILL MEMORIAL AND LIBRARY IN THE UNITED STATES. Westminster College/Fulton/Missouri
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: HANDBOOK FOR BEGINNING NEWSPAPER SPONSORS. Joe W. Milner, and Louise Flynn
      Dates: 1966
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: INDIAN BROTHER BUFFALO. Lena Lockhart Daugherty and Gladys Wheeler Jeffords
      Dates: 1971
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: INDIANS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs
      Dates: 1966
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: INDIANS OF THE NORTHWEST. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs
      Dates: 1968
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MUSEUM. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska
      Dates: 1968
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: MISSION CHURCH AND GROUNDS. The National Park Service
      Dates: 1967
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: MISSOURI: VACATION GUIDE. Missouri Tourism Commission
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: OKLAHOMA'S FABULOUS INDIAN NAMES. Gladys Wheeler Jeffords and Lena Lockhart Daughtery, American Printing Company
      Dates: 1962
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: THE PIONEERS CAME. Ray Morissette
      Dates: 1967
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: SECOND ANNUAL REPORT ON A CONFERENCE ON INDIAN EDUCATION. Fremont County School Administrators
      Dates: 1969
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: SURGEON'S DIARY WITH THE CUSTER RELIEF COLUMN. W. Boyes, WJBM Associates
      Dates: 1974
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: THE TRAIL OF TEARS HISTORIC DRAMA 1974. The Theatre at Tsa-La-Gi
      Dates: 1974
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: VACATIONING WITH INDIANS. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs
      Dates: 1965
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: WYOMING COMMUNITY COLLEGES
      Dates:
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: WYOMING'S SECOND EQUALITY CONGRESS. The First Women's Congress in Wyoming
      Dates: 1975
      Container: Box 1
  • Books:

    • Description: CROSSROADS OF THE WEST. Crossroads of the West, Inc.
      Dates: 1965
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: THE FORTS OF OKLAHOMA. Vinson Lackey, Tulsa Printing Company
      Dates: 1963
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: GUIDE TO WYOMING NEWSPAPERS 1867-1967. Lola Homsher, Wyoming State Library
      Dates: 1971
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: HIGH COUNTRY NAMES. Louisa Ward Arps and Elinor Eppich Kingery, The Colorado Mountain Club
      Dates: 1966
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: TWENTIETH CENTURY PIONEERING. Mary J. Allyn, Privately Printed by Author
      Dates: 1956
      Container: Box 1
    • Description: WORKBOOK FOR WYOMING PAGEANT. Maurine Carley and Virginia Cole Trenholm, Bailey School Supply Casper, Wyoming
      Dates: 1959
      Container: Box 1
  • Correspondence:

    • Description: 3 Blank Postcards
      Dates:
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: Kathy Tuggle
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Virginia FROM: Charlotte Smith
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: Karen Merklin and Mrs. Kallal's 5th period class
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: 7th period class
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Virginia Cole Trenholm FROM: Cliff
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: Cindy Layman, Class Secretary, 2nd period
      Dates: February 14, no year
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mr. Robert Standing Water FROM: Mrs. Virginia C. Trenholm
      Dates: November 14, 1966
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Miss Virginia Cole Trenholm FROM: Ada P. Kahn
      Dates: April 13, 1967
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Virginia Cole Trenholm FROM: Ada P. Kahn
      Dates: May 22, 1967
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Virginia FROM: Edward A. Shaw
      Dates: October 29, 1968
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Virginia Trenholm FROM: Gordon Ward
      Dates: November 14, 1968
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Virginia FROM: Ardeline Spotted Elk
      Dates: September 1970
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Virginia Trenholm FROM: Laramie County Chapter Wyoming State Historical Society
      Dates: October 1971
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Susan Scott FROM: Virginia Cole Trenholm
      Dates: November 23, 1971
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Virginia Trenholm FROM: Mrs. Judy Kallal
      Dates: December 1, 1971
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Virginia Trenholm FROM: Rella Looney
      Dates: December 3, 1971
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Virginia Trenholm FROM: Mrs. Judy Kallal
      Dates: December 6, 1971
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: Maurice
      Dates: December 13, 1971
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Virginia Cole Trenholm FROM: Mrs. Stan Hathaway
      Dates: February 2, 1972
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: Mrs. Kallal's 6th period class
      Dates: February 16, 1972
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: Debbie Albert, class secretary, period 3
      Dates: February 16, 1972
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: Debbie Albert, class secretary, period 3
      Dates: February 17, 1972
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Mrs. Trenholm FROM: Stan Scheer
      Dates: March 20, 1972
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Virginia FROM: T. A. Larson
      Dates: April 7, 1972
      Container: Box 2
    • Description: TO: Ms. Virginia Cole Trenholm FROM: W. Boyes
      Dates: March 28, 1975
      Container: Box 2
  • Folders:

  • NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS:

  • NEWSPAPERS:

    • Description: "Arizona" from The Arizona Republic, 5 pages
      Dates: March 3, 1968
      Container: Box 4
    • Description: "Arizona" from The Arizona Republic, 10 pages
      Dates: January 7, 1968
      Container: Box 4
    • Description: "Education Section" from The Christian Science Monitor, 8 pages
      Dates: November 10, 1975
      Container: Box 4
    • Description: "Empire" from The Denver Post, 6 pages
      Dates: September 14, 1975
      Container: Box 4
  • NOTEBOOKS:

    • Description: Blue Notebook: Contains pictures, clippings, correspondence, articles, publisher contracts, instructions on manuscript writings and proof reading; all concerning books written by Virginia Trenholm
      Dates:
      Container: Box 4
    • Description: Blue Notebook: Contains articles, clippings, and pictures concerning books written by Virginia Trenholm
      Dates:
      Container: Box 4
    • Description: Light Blue Notebook: Contains clippings, programs, correspondence, photographs, booklets, news letters, all concerning different aspects of Indians
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Blue Folder: "Nez Perce", articles and pictures of the Nez Perce, "Idaho's Indians"; also included, a clipping entitled "The Indian Renaissance"
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Plastic Folder: "The Old Depot", clippings from magazines pasted on purple paper. Also included, a magazine article, "The Trials of the Iron Horse"
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Red Folder: "Bob Warner", article 'Fort Laramie or Sublettes Fort, Near the Nebraska or Platte River'
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
  • PAMPHLETS:

    • Description: All American Indian Days. Sheridan, Wyoming, August 4-6, 1967
      Dates: 1967
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Black Hills Passion Play. Spearfish, South Dakota, June 3, 1979
      Dates: 1979
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Black Hills of South Dakota. Sturgis, South Dakota
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Devils Tower. National Park Service
      Dates: 1973
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Grand Tetons. Jackson, Wyoming
      Dates: 1979
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Grand Tetons. Jackson, Wyoming
      Dates: 1979
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Missouri's Executive Mansion. Jefferson City, Missouri
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Native American Arts. National Park Service
      Dates: 1978
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Oklahoma Tours. Tulsa, Oklahoma
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Old Fort Gibson. Muskogee, Oklahoma, August 23-24, 1975
      Dates: 1975
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: The Passion Play. Black Hills
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Teton Village. Jackson Hole, Wyoming
      Dates: 1979
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Tsa-La-Gi Inn. Tahlequah, Oklahoma
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Tsa-La-Gi. Cherokee National Historical Society
      Dates: 1975
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Tsa-La-Gi. Cherokee National Historical Society
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Union Pacific. May 9, 1980
      Dates: 1980
      Container: Box 5
  • PERIODICALS:

    • Description: "The American West". Volume XVI, Number 3
      Dates: May/June 1979
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "Arizona Highway". A Treasury
      Dates: 1967
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "Arizona Highway"
      Dates: March 1975
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "The Conservationist"
      Dates: January-February 1976
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "The Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin". Volume XLII Number 1
      Dates: Fall 1975
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "Deskbook of the School of Journalism". Series 138
      Dates: 1956
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "The Indian"
      Dates: September 22, 1968
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "Oklahoma Today". Volume 24, Number 4. 5 pages
      Dates: Autumn 1974
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "Wyoming"
      Dates: 1975
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: "The Denver Post". "The Red Man's Last Struggle"
      Dates: 1966
      Container: Box 5
  • PHOTOGRAPHS:

    • Arapaho:

      • Description: Alexander, Jr., grandson of James Bordeaux. This picture was taken in his youth
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B644-L)
      • Description: Andrew Brazil standing beside his father's grave. The Reverend John R. Robert's beside. The Wind River Sacagawea Indian Mission in backgroun.
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-Sa14)
      • Description: Arapaho Indians Smoking [Sketched by Theodore R. Davis, Harper's Weekly, June 29, 1967]
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
      • Description: Buffalo Meat, an Arapaho, follows the white man's road, while his two Cheyenne allies relax in Indian attire. Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians at Ben Beveridge's boarding house on 3rd St., Washington D. C.. Left to right: Buffalo Meat, Three Fingers, and Wolf Robe
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B863-m)
      • Description: Chief Washakie. Painting by Henry H. Cross
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-W27)
      • Description: Louis Bordeaux, standing first on left, was an interpreter and a son of James Bordeaux. Left to right: Spotted Tail, Swift Bear, Sitting Bull and Red Cloud
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B644-L)
      • Description: Mary Julia Bordeaux in her tribal costume
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B644-L)
      • Description: Signing of the McLaughlin Agreement
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-W27-f)
      • Description: Southern Arapahoes in Council, near Colony, Oklahoma
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
    • Footprints:

      • Description: Bridger's Ferry (Orin) on the Platte River
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (R524-pla)
      • Description: Hi Kelly Ranch
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (R151-hter)
      • Description: Johnson County Cattle Raiders, Prisoners at Ft. D. A. Russell, 1892
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (W994-jew)
      • Description: The Johnson County Invaders. Mike Shonsey (kneeling) third from left, second row. An odd assortment of Wyoming cattlemen and Texas gunmen
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (W994-jew)
      • Description: Major Powell, officer commanding in the "Wagon Box" fight. "Portugee Phillips" who made the famous ride from Ft. Kearney to Ft. Laramie in 1866
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (F775-bol)
      • Description: Old Bedlam (about 1880)
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (F775-La-h-eh)
    • Description: The Agency House at Darlington (Okla)
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (Ok4-t-dar)
    • Description: American Horse, Sioux Chief
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-Am35ho)
    • Description: An Arapaho village of tepees in Whitewood Canyon, Wyoming, in 1870.
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
    • Description: Arapaho Camp
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
    • Description: Arapaho chief and Sub-chiefs with James Irwin Super-intendent at Fort Washakie. "They came with pipes to sue for peace. Note Black Coal's right hand with fingers missing"
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
    • Description: Arapaho Ghost Shirt, Showing Coloring
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-co)
    • Description: Arapaho Moccassin
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-co)
    • Description: Arapaho Sundance
      Dates: 1938
      Container: PHOTO (In2-da)
    • Description: Arapaho Sundance
      Dates: 1938
      Container: PHOTO (In2-da)
    • Description: Arapahoes at Estes Park (Oliver Toll Trip)
      Dates: July 1913
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
    • Description: At the Old Government Sawmill, Esterbrook
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-Fest)
    • Description: Basin Indian home near Dayton, Nevada
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2)
    • Description: Belknap Reservation, Montana, Gros Ventre Camp
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-res-bel)
    • Description: Bellewood Hotel, Glendo
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-t-gl)
    • Description: Black Coal
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-B561co)
    • Description: Black Coyote's wife
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-B562-c)
    • Description: Black Coyote (Watan-gaa), a Southern Arapaho, Captain of Indian Police, School Commissioner, Deputy U.S. Sheriff, Marshal, a noted leader of the Ghost Dance, delegate to Washington in 1898
      Dates: 1898
      Container: PHOTO (B-B562-c)
    • Description: Bullock Cabin
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (C111)
    • Description: "Cavalcade" A Green River Rendezvous
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (685mi)
    • Description: Chief Black Coal with other Arapahoes waiting to see their president (Arthur)
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
    • Description: Chief Truckee
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-T764-c)
    • Description: Chief Washakie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-W27)
    • Description: Chief Winnemucca
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-W73)
    • Description: Chief Winnemucca, the Paiute who helped bring an end to the Shoshoni uprising
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-W73)
    • Description: Col. W. G. Bullock
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-B876wy)
    • Description: The Crow Dance
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-da)
    • Description: Decorated Arapaho tepees and Arapaho Indians at St. Louis Fair, 1904-1905. Watanga's tepee is 3rd from left
      Dates: 1904-1905
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
    • Description: English Manor on the Laramie Plains: Home of the Sartoris Brothers
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (M664-m-sart)
    • Description: Evidence of two cultures. A Shoshoko (Kolmako, Elko, Nevada, 1898) wears white man's clothing but retains hair dress and feathers. Note facial tatoo, sometimes practiced by Basin Shoshones
      Dates: 1898
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sho)
    • Description: Exterior of Fort Laramie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (F775-La)
    • Description: Fergie Mitchell
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-M69fe)
    • Description: First building on the Wheatland Flats (2)
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-t-whe)
    • Description: Fort Laramie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (F775-La)
    • Description: Fort Laramie, 1842
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (F775-La)
    • Description: Four Generations of Coopers
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-C785-F)
    • Description: The Ghost Dance. Woman chanting with arms raised, "Inspiration"
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-da)
    • Description: Gilbert Natchez
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-N192-g)
    • Description: The Great Messiah Dance (Ghost Dance) at the Cheyenne-Arapaho camp near Fort Reno in June, 1890
      Dates: June 1890
      Container: PHOTO (In2-da)
    • Description: Horseshoe Station
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (5t135-hors)
    • Description: Hotel and Eating House, Cheyenne, Wyoming
      Dates: 1868-1869
      Container: PHOTO (W994-t-ch-hh)
    • Description: "Indians Attacking Butterfield's Overland Dispatch Coach," from a field sketch by Theodore R. Davis. (Reverse side) "Custer's Last Fight,"
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-ba-Lhh)
    • Description: Interior of Fort Laramie.
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (F775-La)
    • Description: "Jailhouse at the Kelly"
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-coan-tc)
    • Description: Jim Shaw and grandson, Bobby Gray
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-5h26j)
    • Description: John Enos, guide for Bonneville and Fremont
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-En6)
    • Description: John H. Gordon
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-G656-jh)
    • Description: John Otterby, Magpie, Little Beaver, and Left Hand et al at commemoration of the Battle of the Washita
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-bat-was)
    • Description: The Johnson County Invaders
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-jew)
    • Description: Joseph M. Carey, 4th President (WSGA), 1883-1888
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-C18)
    • Description: Kolmako, Elko Nevada, showing evidence of two cultures. The Western Shoshones, unlike the Northern, sometimes tatooed their faces
      Dates: 1898
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: La Bonte Stage Station in 1863
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (5t135-La)
    • Description: Laramie Peak. From oil painting by J. R. Wilson
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (L32p-wy)
    • Description: Last Black Hills Coach leaving Cheyenne, February 19, 1887
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (5t13c)
    • Description: Little Soldier, Weber Ute (Shoshoni) Chief
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: Lovelock 1896, Shoshoni or Paiute
      Dates: 1896
      Container: PHOTO (In2)
    • Description: Medicine man Gwo-wot (man without a wife) blessing a young sun dancer
      Dates: about 1904
      Container: PHOTO (In2-mm)
    • Description: Michele Portwood, Arapaho, of Riverton, Wyoming, Miss Indian America, 1964-65
      Dates: 1964-1965
      Container: PHOTO (In2-be)
    • Description: The Moran Ranch
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (R151-mor)
    • Description: Mountain home of Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Knight
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (C111)
    • Description: Mr. Al Bowie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-B679a)
    • Description: Mr. and Mrs. Dave Gordon and daughter, Mary
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-6654-d)
    • Description: Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Krehbiel with (left to right): Cut Nose Woman, Merdie Huggan, Joseph Cook, Yellow Eyes, Effie Mason, and Singing Woman
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-R872-js)
    • Description: Mr. and Mrs. John Hunton by ruins of Officer's Quarters, Fort Laramie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-H92ju)
    • Description: Mr. and Mrs. R. D. Robinson
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-R566-rd)
    • Description: Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Miller
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-M618-6)
    • Description: Mrs. Al Bowie (2)
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-B679a)
    • Description: Mrs. Karen Togerson and granddaughter, Tillie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-T272-K)
    • Description: Mrs. Young-Man-Afraid-of-Horses, Sioux, is working on a pair of beaded buckskin moccasins. Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-Y85ma)
    • Description: Ned Yates
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-Y272n)
    • Description: Nellie Scott
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-5co85-n)
    • Description: Nel Scott
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-5co85-n)
    • Description: "Old Bedlam" - Fort Laramie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (F775-La-b-ch)
    • Description: On the Lower Laramie: Mr. and Mrs. Ned Yates and family
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-Y272n)
    • Description: On the North Laramie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (R524-La)
    • Description: Painting of a Peyote ceremony (cut away of tepee showing circle and altar) and water woman at entrance of tepee
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-re)
    • Description: Paiute. Five males, two sitting, three standing
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-pia)
    • Description: Paiute. One old man
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-pia)
    • Description: Paiute. One old woman
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-pia)
    • Description: Pete Macfarlane
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-M164-p)
    • Description: Pocatello Braves
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-po)
    • Description: Portugee Phillips Residence at Chugwater. Swan Land and Cattle Co. Headquarters and Stage Station in background
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-t-chug)
    • Description: Pyramid Lake
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (L148-pyr)
    • Description: Railroad House, Cheyenne, Wyoming
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-t-ch-rd)
    • Description: The result of irrigation. A home on one of the irrigated farms
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-2g)
    • Description: School at Reeder Place
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (R151-rp)
    • Description: Sheepeater family encamped near head of Medicine Lodge Creek, Idaho
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-thi-shee)
    • Description: Shoshoni Indian Camp in the Rockies
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: Shoshoni Indian Family at tepee camp near Fort Washakie
      Dates: about 1900
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: Shoshoni, Sun Dancers
      Dates: 1895
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: Shoshoni Tribal Leaders: Front Row, Dick Washakie, Chief Washakie, and Tigee. Standing, Per-na-go-shia, Pan-Zook, So-pa-gant, and Mat-ta-vish
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: Shoshoni, Young man, Snake River Agency, Fort Hall Reservation, Idaho
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: Sibley Peak
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (M864-rp-sib)
    • Description: South Idaho Treaty - by Charles Christian Nahl
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sit)
    • Description: Station and Creek named for La Bonte
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (5t135-la)
    • Description: Style on the Laramie Plains, the Sartoris Brothers with their four-in-hand
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (M664-m-sart)
    • Description: T. S. Garrett - bull whacker
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-G192-ts)
    • Description: Taihi, Shoshoni
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-T131)
    • Description: Tendoi
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-T252wi)
    • Description: Tendoi, "The Climber" in costume. Shoshoni, Lemhi Reservation, Idaho
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-T252wi)
    • Description: Tendoi, Shoshoni
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-T252wi)
    • Description: Teschemacher Hotel, Uva
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W994-t-uv)
    • Description: Tom Horn in Laramie County Jail
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-H7826)
    • Description: Tyhee
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-T131)
    • Description: Venerable Scots: W. F. Macfarlane (right), Harry Ralston (left), George Mitchell (center)
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-R139h)
    • Description: Virginia Trenholm, authority on the Wind River Indians, stands by poster of Herman St. Clair, a Shoshoni, used abroad by the U. S. Travel Service to advertise travel in this country
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-T723-v)
    • Description: A Visit from Little Raven
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-L721ra)
    • Description: War Dance at Fort Washakie. The Chief stands at left with tomahawk in hand
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-da-wd)
    • Description: Washakie at his cabin
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-W27)
    • Description: Washakie's band and encampment in southern foothills of Wind River Mts., Wyoming (South Pass)
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: Washakie's biography [on an animal skin] (2).
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-W27)
    • Description: Western Shoshoni basket makers
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh)
    • Description: "Where the Laramie Flows"
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (R524-La)
    • Description: Workers of the Sartoris Mine, Keystone
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (M664-m-59m)
    • Description: Wovoka, the Paiute Prophet whose influence was felt especially at Fort Hall, which became a point of diffusion for his Ghost Dance religion
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (B-W917)
    • Description: _ayho bull outfit
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W125-Frw)
    • Description: _ citizens of Johnson county who reserved a _tnesses at Laramie
      Dates:
      Container: PHOTO (W99-coun-jo)
    • Untitled:

      • Description: Digger Mahalas
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-mah)
      • Description: A Future Miss Indian America
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-be)
      • Description: Man and woman double exposed against map of Wyoming
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B644-L)
      • Description: Miss Indian America XI
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-be)
      • Description: Portait of woman dressed (elegantly) in white
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (P566-ea-p)
      • Description: Pots (woven), all Shoshoni
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-arti)
      • Description: Profile of a man
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-H782-L)
      • Description: Wyoming map (4)
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (W990m)
    • Black and white photographs (5X7) made from slides, labeled as follows:

      Container:

      • Description: 1) Evidence of prehistoric culture abounds in Wyoming where examples of rock art are found in the Dinwoody area and elsewhere. Petroglyphs showing characters such as these suggest Shoshonean origin, and it is believed that the figures represent the illusive "little people" (the NunumBi) who would shoot invisible arrows of misfourtune at anyone who displeased them
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-pic) Indian-Pictographs
      • Description: 2) The term "Spanish Diggings" is a misnomer because there is no proof that the Spaniards entered Wyoming. The flakes you see are near the quarries in the southeastern part of the state. The unidentified, prehistoric Indians came great distances to mine the peculiar quartzite found there, and they scattered "flakes" or chips over approximately 400 square miles in Platte, Goshen, and Niobrara counties
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (W994) Wyoming
      • Description: 3) The Medicine Wheel in the Big Horn Mountians near Shell, Wyoming was the shrine of early-day Indians, but the Shoshones and Mountian Crows who were in the area at the beginning of historic time disclaim any knowledge of its significance
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-medw) Indian-Medicine Wheel
      • Description: 4) The Shoshonean Sheepeaters of Eastern Idaho and Northwestern Wyoming were, as their name suggests, dependent for food, clothing and shelter on mountain sheep. They were forced into the inaccessible recesses of the mountains by their aggressive neigbors, the "Horse Indians". The Shoshones have a legend that the Sheepeaters were destroyed by a convulsion of nature. On the contrary, they may have found life on the reservation preferable. Togwotee, a medicine man and subchief under Washakie, was the last known Sheepeater though skeletal remains of their tepees and sheep corrals may still be found in Yellowstone Park
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-shee) Indian-Tribe-Sheepeaters
      • Description: 5) The Shoshones, who came here first, had a Basin cultural background. The nation is divided into three main divisions: (1) the Western, in Nevada; (2) the Northern, in Idaho, as well as in Montana at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition; and (3) the Eastern, in Wyoming. There are serveral small groups, known as southern, in Utah. The Comanches are a splinter group of the Eastern Shoshones, from who they broke away. They migrated southward in the 1700s. Little is known about the Staitans except that they were allies and forerunners of the Cheyennes
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 6) This is a camp of Eastern Shoshones as it might have looked at the time the first white men arrived. The horse was acquired through the Comanches from the Spaniards. In fact, the Shoshones were the first to introduce horses on the Northern Plains of Canada. They took them north on the west side of the Rockies to avoid their enemies
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh) Indian-Tribe-Shoshone
      • Description: 7) The Arapahoes comprise a splinter group from the Gros Ventres (Big Bellies) in Canada. These two Gros Ventres Indians, of Montana, show how comely they are. In late prehistoric times, the tribe, known under various names, camped along the South Sasketchewan, the "Belly River". Its name probably resulted from a curve in its course. Those in the splinter group, migrating southward through the Crow country, were called "Tattooed People". The Crow word sounded like A-ra-pa-hoe, which might account for their name. There is no "r" in their language
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-gr) Indian-Tribe-GrosVentre
      • Description: 8) This is Watanga (Black Coyote), a Southern Arapahoe for whom a town in Oklahoma is named. The tattooes on his chest indicate that he is an Arapahoe. The scars on his arms are a result of flesh sacrifice he made to the sun when his children were dying from a mysterious cause. In the '90's, he was a Ghost Dance leader. That is the reasom he holds the crow, the symbol of the Ghost Dance, on his knee
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B561-C) Watanga/Black Coyote
      • Description: 9) This early map shows the lands occupied by the Plains tribes in pink and the Basin in grey. It includes the Shoshones of Wyoming in the Basin area. This was before the Eastern bands had assimilated Plains culture, which was a gradual process
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 10) A more recent map, by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, includes the marginal tribes in the Plains area. The Eastern Shoshones became Plains Shoshones, after having assumed the more dominant culture. Before coming to the northern plains, where the Arapahoes probably roamed before America was discovered, they are believed to have loved in an area north of the Red River of Minnesota
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 11) The Crows were in Northwestern Wyoming when the Arapahoes migrated from the Assiniboine River, in Canada, in the late 1700's. The Kiowa-Apaches were in the Black Hills for a time before the arrival of the Araphoes, who were followed by the Cheyennes. The Kiowas, with their few Apache connections, drifted southward, and the Cheyennes absorbed the Staitans. The Cheyennes, after their arrival in the Black Hills, encouraged the Sioux, who came in ever increasing numbers. The Cheyennes and Arapahoes were closely allied to maintain a balance of power with the Sioux
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 12) The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 added to the area of the United States by about one third. Though unexplored by the white man, it was Indian country. The first white explorers were sent to find a land route to the West Coast
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (M32-Lp) Map-Louisiana Purchase
      • Description: 13) Two members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition were of special interest in Wyoming. They were Sacajawea and John Colter. Sacajawea, the Shoshone wife of Charbonneau, the guide for the expedition, carried her baby on a cradleboard, strapped to her back, the full distance to the West Coast from Fort Mandan, North Dakota. In Montana, she encountered her brother, Cameahwait, chief of the Northern Shoshones, and she helped the explorers establish friendly relations. Colter gave such a fantastic description of the geysers and bubbling mud pots he found in Northwestern Wyoming that the name "Colter's Hell" was applied to Yellowstone Park
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (N213p-yel) National Park-Yellowstone
      • Description: 14) South Pass, which was discovered by the trappers and traders, was the only route through the mountians known to the emigrants. This picture shows that it resembles a high, wide plain. Throngs went over South Pass to expand the nation
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (T681-o) Trail-Oregon
      • Description: 15) Artist - Photographer William H. Jackson shows Smith, Jackson (David E.), and Sublette, blazing the trail for the emigrants to follow
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (T681-o) Trail-Oregon
      • Description: 16) Jim Bridger came to Wyoming as a trapper in 1822. Many years later he took his Shoshone wife, Rutta, back to Missouri, renamed her Mary Washakie, and married her in the white man's manner
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B764-j) Bridger, Jim
      • Description: 17) This map shows that the Sioux had taken over the Black Hills by 1830. The Arapahoes, followed by the Cheyennes, had drifted southward. The Cheyennes were in the Cheyenne, Wyoming, area and the Arapahoes in Northern Colorado, where the Denver area became their Heartland. The Sioux had pushed the Crows west into the Power River area
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 18) During the Rendezvous Period, the trappers assembled in the peaceful beaver-rich Shoshone country for their trade events. There the trappers, traders and Indians would meet at a specified time and place to exchange commodities and celebrate. All of the rendezvous were held in Shoshone country, with half on Green River and its tributaries
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (W994) Wyoming
      • Description: 19) Alfred Jacob Miller, the first great artist to follow the trail, depicts the friendly spirit of the Indians in this picture he called "Shoshone Hospitality"
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-M612aj-p) Miller, Alfred Jacob-Paintings
      • Description: 20) The Shoshones, as well as the Comanches, were great horsemen. Miller portrays a cavalcade, approaching a Green River Rendezvous. The Chief on the white horse is Moh-woom-ha, Washakie's predecessor
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-M612aj-p) Miller, Alfred Jacob-Paintings
      • Description: 21) This Miller painting is the only picture extant of old Fort William at the mouth of the Laramie River on the North Platte. It was built in 1834 for permanent trade with the Indians through the rendezvous was not over. The farsighted traders could tell that the future lay in buffalo robes, so they established their trading post in the middle of buffalo country. About the same time, Bent's Fort was founded on the Arkansas River. The two forts were largely reponsible for the two divisions of the Cheyenne and Arapahoe into the Northern and Southern branches. Traders marrying into the tribes acquired not only wives but also their extended families and even their bands
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-M612aj-p) Miller, Alfred Jacob-Paintings
      • Description: 22) Seven years after Fort William was constructed, the logs had begun to decay, so a more substantial building was erected in the general area though the exact location of the old fort cannot be pinpointed. The new fort, Fort John, was named for John Sarpy, a trader. The original fort was thought to have been named for William Sublette
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (F775-jo) Fort-John
      • Description: 23) Moh-woom-ha is shown here wearing a bearclaw necklace which shows that he is a man of distinction. The portrait is by Alfred Jacob Miller
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-M612aj-p) Miller, Alfred Jacob-Paintings
      • Description: 24) Petroglyphs are usually of an ancient origin, but this may have been made in historic times. It could have been made as recently as 1840, when Father DeSmet baptized at the Treaty Council of 1851. The man holding the two crosses maight have been "The Black Robe", DeSmet. The encirclement suggests a completed story. The Arapahoes did not forget that 300 children were baptized and of that number many died. Their death was blamed on the white man's religion
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-pic) Indian Pictographs
      • Description: 25) Fort Laramie, a favorite trading place of the Sioux, was the first settlement in Wyoming; Fort Bridger, in Western Wyoming, the second. Louis Vasquez, Bridger's French-Spanish partner, preferred their establishment in Salt Lake, thus leaving Bridger among the Indians - that is, until trouble resulted when the Mormons accused him of furnishing guns to the Indians to shoot Mormons. He did provide guns for the Shoshones to defend themselves when they went into enemy country fo the Great Treaty Council of 1851. When a warrant was issued for his arrest, he lef the country. His fort was later bought by the Saints and used for a trading post and mail sation
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (F775-br) Fort-Bridger
      • Description: 26) This picture shows old Fort John in relation to Fort Laramie, a later name for the same trading post. It was purchased for a military post in 1849 to supply and protect emigrants on the Oregon-Mormon-California Trail
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (F775-la-dr) Fort-Laramie-Drawings
      • Description: 27) Fremont Lake was named after General John Charles Fremont, who was popularly known as "the Pathfinder". The paths had been found by the buffalo and the Indians and had b-en clearly defined by the trappers and traders. Fremont made his contribution by mapping the trail. He named the streams and indicated the distance between campsites. He should have been called the "Pathmarker", for he rendered a great service to the emigrants
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (La148-fre) Lake-Fremont
      • Description: 28) This map shows the location of tribes at the time of the Great Treaty Council of 1851. By then the Sioux had pushed the Crows from the Powder River country over to the Big Horn and Wind River. This area brought them in conflict with the Shoshones and Bannocks who had considered this their hunting grounds for generations
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 29) This shows more clearly the aboriginal domain of Wyoming's two tribes, the Shoshones and Arapahoes. The Shoshones and Bannocks were to the west and the Cheyennes and Arapahoes "between the rivers" - the Platte and Arkansas
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 30) In 1828, an area in the central part of the United States was designated Indian Territory. Like all Indian lands, it diminished into what was later known as Oklahoma. An effort was made to locate all Indians in this area
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 31) This is the way Oklahoma, or "Indian Territory", looked in 1899. All reservations, with the exception of the Osage, have been terminated. The Osage Indians have kept their lands and their mineral rights, and as a consequence are better off than the other Indian tribes in the state
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 32) Since the Shoshones were merely guests at the Treaty Council of 1851, they had no say regarding the designated areas. They eventually settled their claim to their hunting grounds when they defeated the Crows at the fabled Battle of Crowheart Butte
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B981-cro) Butte-Crowheart
      • Description: 33) In 1857, when it appeared that the Mormons might secede and establish Deseret, an independent empire, Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston was sent west to bring the Saints in line. The so-called Mormon War, which resulted, was actually a "push", with the Mormons "burning their bridges behind them" as they withdrew to Salt Lake. All that Johnston found at Fort Bridger was the stone wall they had so arduously built. After a miserable winter, both the Mormons and the "gentiles" were ready to talk peace. Though the Shoshones have been said to have been neutral, Washakie's patience had been tried by settlers coming into his country. Labeling all as Mormons, he considered this an excellent opportunity to run them out, so he offered 1,200 warriors to the service of the Army for Utah, as Johnston's army was called. His offer was refused, and he lived out his life, pleased by the thought that he had never harmed a white man
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (F775-br) Fort-Bridger
      • Description: 34) The Overland Telegraph Line was finished along the Emigrant Trail, in 1861, but the Sioux became so hostile along the Platte the following year that freighters and emigrants were rerouted an another trail going through Colorado and following a so-called Cherokee Trail over the Laramie Plains and westward. The trail was given its name because a band of Cherokees followed its course in going to California during the gold rush. The new trail avoided the Sioux, but it went through Arapahoe country in the Medicine Bow area
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (T681-ch) Trail-Cherokee
      • Description: 35) These emigrants are seen along the Overland Stage Route, as the new trail was known
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (T681-ch) Trail-Cherokee
      • Description: 36) This tepee belonged to Little Raven, head chief of the Southern Araphoes. When he saw that trouble was brewing at Sand Creek (in Colorado) he folded his tent and went down the Arkansas. His subchief Left Hand was ill at the time, so he remained at Fort Lyon. Just what became of him is still a matter of conjecture. It is not known whether he was killed during the attack or that he joined Little Raven. Though he was reportedly killed, the Left Hand who became chief after Little Raven answers to his description
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap) Indian-Tribe-Araphoe
      • Description: 37) The major battle of 1865, "the bloody year on the plains", took place at Platte Bridge. This is reconstructed Fort Caspar. The survivors of the attack at Sand Creek on an unarmed camp of Cheyennes and Arapahoes did not wait for spring to retaliate. In January, after making two devastating raids on Julesburg, Colorado, they swept northward into Wyoming
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (F775-cas) Fort-Caspar
      • Description: 38) Red Cloud was so incensed when he discovered the white man freighting in supplies to build forts on the Bozeman Trail through his Powder River hunting grounds that he refused to take part in the council. Three forts were constructed, but they were under constant siege. Red Cloud would not talk peace until the forts were abandoned
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-R245-c) Red Cloud
      • Description: 39) The Indians called Fort Phil Kearny "the hated fort on the Little Piney". The Fetterman Massacre, near the fort, was the major incident during the Red Cloud War, 1866. When the three posts were abandoned, Red Cloud reluctantly came to Fort Laramie, where he signed the Treaty of 1868, removing the Sioux from Wyoming to South Dakota
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (F775-pk) Fort - Phil Kearny
      • Description: 40) Little Shield, a well known Arapahoe chief, was for many years the mascot of the Plains Hotel in Cheyenne, Wyoming. His picture was on its official stationary and napkins; his likeness, immortalized in the tile floor; and his profile, emblazoned on a neon sign
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-L727-s) Little Shield
      • Description: 41) Chief Cut Nose is tapping his left breast to indicate he is a Northern Arapahoe. He is shown here in council with Gen. W. S. Hancock
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap) Indian-Tribe-Araphoe
      • Description: 42) Medicine Man, pictured with his family, was head chief of the Northern Arapahoe before they were placed on the reservation in 1878. The Shoshones, who finally sued the government for the land the Arapahoes had occupied on a "temporary" basis 60 years, won their case and were paid. Since 1938, the reservation has been jointly owned by the two tribes
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-H468-m) Medicine Man
      • Description: 43) The Medicine Lodge Treaty Council (1867) was designed to relocate the Cheyennes and Arapahoes displaced by the debacle at Sand Creek. The two tribes had previously relinquished their land "between the rivers" for a reservation at Sand Creek. This was managed throught the Fort Wise Treaty. Once again, the Indians were to be moved. The woman in the artist's sketch is Maggie Poisal Fitzpatrick, the Arapahoe wife of Thomas Fitzpatrick, first agent for the Platte River tribes (the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapahoe) and the Southern on the Arkansas. Little Raven insisted on having her as an interpreter as she was the only one he could trust - he had been lied to many times
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap)
      • Description: PHOTOGRAPHS: 44) Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians attending the Fort Laramie Treaty Council of 1868 with the "Seven Wise Men of the Great White Father" the Peace Commisioners.
        Dates: 1868
        Container: PHOTO (F775-la-in) Fort-Laramie-Indians
      • Description: 45) Buffalo were still plentiful enough to stop the trains when the railroad was built through Wyoming in 1868-69
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (W646-buf) Wildlife-Buffalo
      • Description: 46) The aboriginal domain of the Shoshones and Bannock is diminished into the Wind River Reservation (in black) and the Fort Hall Reservation (in white)
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh) Indian-Tribe-Shoshone
      • Description: 47) This map of the Wind River Reservation shows the Riverton Irrigation Project in the large white area. Riverton, a municipality, is actually on the reservation. Lander is just below the southern border
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2) Indian
      • Description: 48) The old Block House, where ammunition was stored, is the last landmark at Camp Brown, later renamed Fort Washakie in honor of the chief. Prior to Camp Brown, there was a camp at the present site of Lander, known as Camp Augur. It was established for the protection of the Shoshones, who were harassed by the Platte River Indians
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-res-wi) Indian-Reservation-Wind River
      • Description: 49) Charlie Washakie, son of the chief, was an outstanding artist. Here is his hide painting of his father's exploits
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-W27) Washakie
      • Description: 50) Thomas Fitzpatrick discovered a foundling along the trail, so he named him Friday for the day he was found and sent him to St. Louis to be educated. He later returned to his tribe and served as an interpreter and a peace chief
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-F912) Friday
      • Description: 51) Dr. James Irwin, agent at the Wind River Reservation in 1878, is pictured with a delegation of Northern Arapahoes who came with their peace pipes to request that they be allowed to reside on the reservation. Chief Black Coal (Tag-ge-tha-the, Shot-Off-Fingers) proudly displays his battle scars
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B561-co) Black Coal
      • Description: 52) Official picture of Black Coal in his warbonnet. Though he was a Catholic convert, an Episcopal Bishop referred to him as the "unsung" hero of the Rockies. He insisted that children attend school and learn the language and ways of the white men
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B561-co) Black Coal
      • Description: 53) This is Washakie's best known picture. He once complained that the Arapahoes had "too many chiefs". In his long life he saw many come and go. When he finally died at the approximate age of 100 years, he was given a burial with full military honors. He is said to have been the only Indian chief so honored
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-W27) Washakie
      • Description: 54) The Fletcher family was among those attacked in the vicinity of Arlington, Wyoming, in 1865. A thirteen-year-old girl (Amanda Mary) was abducted by the Cheyennes, her two-year-old sister (Lizzie) by the Arapahoes. Amanda Mary was ransomed about a year or so later, but Lizzie grew up among the Arapahoes, married John Brokenhorn, and had a son, Walks Ahead. Lizzie's Indian name was Kills-in-Time, probably in reference to the fact that her mother was killed at the time of the attack. When Indian names were anglicized she became Sarah and her son Columbus. She is generally referred to as "the White Indian Girl". When she was identified by her sister, she refused to admit she was white, though she had red hair, fair skin, and freckles. She lived out her life among the Arapahoes and she never learned to speak English
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap) Indian-Tribe-Araphoe
      • Description: 55) In 1881, a group of children were rounded up and taken from the Wind River Reservation to Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania. The Arapahoes, bearing such names as Shakespeare, Lincoln, and Gerfield, outnumbered the Shoshones, here shown in hats. Acculturation - the imposition of the white culture on the Indian - was now underway
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap) Indian-Tribe-Araphoe
      • Description: 56) When President Arthur visited the reservation in 1883, the Shoshones and Araphoes dressed up to meet him. Black Coal is seen on the back row, far right, but Washakie is missing. He remained in his lodge because, according to his idea of Indian protocol, the President should come to see him, which he did
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B561-co) Black Coal
      • Description: 57) In 1883, Reverend John Roberts came from Wales to the reservation as a missionary. He had requested that he be sent to the wildest tribe in the country. When he arrived, the only thing wild he found was the weather. It was 60 degrees below zero
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-R542-j) Roberts, John
      • Description: 58) This is the first school house and mission on the Wind River Reservation. It still stands in the Shoshone Cemetary west of Fort Washakie
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-res-wi) Indian-Reservation-Wind River
      • Description: 59) Reverend Roberts had a boarding school for girls. To keep from being lonesome, a tepee was erected in the yard
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-res-wi) Indian-Reservation-Wind River
      • Description: 60) Rev. Sherman, center, with Standing Horse, left and Black Coal. Coolidge, a full-blooded Arapahoe, was raised and educated for the ministry by and army officer whose name he took. He was working under Reverand Roberts when he suggested that he find out if his people in the upper area of the Arapahoe side of the reservation would like to have an Episcopal mission. There answer was, "Ethete", meaning good. This was the name of the post office at the mission
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B561-co) Black Coal
      • Description: 61) St. Michael's Mission at Ethete is built in the form of a camp circle
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-mis-smm) Indian-Mission-St. Michael's Mission
      • Description: 62) Since the Episcopal Church was already established on the reservation, it was assigned to that church in line with the policy at that time. A year later the Catholics arrived. The agent suggested that the priest establish a mission among the Araphoes, with St. Stephens eventually resulting. This is the main building which houses, among other things, the post office, St. Stephens, Wyoming
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-mis-smm) Indian-Mission-St. Stephens Mission
      • Description: 63) The Catholic Church at St. Stephens was painted white by the teenagers, then decorated inside and out by Raphael Norse, a talented Arapahoe artist. The Arapahoes use geometric designs in their art work. The "Shoshone Rose" (any flower like object) has almost become a trademark of the Wind River Shoshones
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-mis-smm) Indian-Mission-St. Stephens Mission
      • Description: 64) Ethete also has a Catholic Church, decorated by Norse
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-mis-em) Indian-Mission-Ethete Mission)
      • Description: 65) Around 1890, the Ghost Dance "craze" swept the Indian country, with the Fort Washakie serving as a point of diffusion. The ritualistic Arapahoes entered the spirit of it enthusiastically, but the Shoshones were skeptical. Wovoka, a Nevada Paiute, started the movement which ended in tragedy for the Sioux at Wounded Knee
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-W917) Wovoka)
      • Description: 66) Sitting Bull, a Northern Arapahoe, took the concept to the South, where the Indians took part by the thousands. He was second only to Wovoka until Wooden Lance, a Kiowa, challenged him to debate. Sitting Bull, who was defeated, was succeeded by Black Coyote, who continued to believe until the concept finally died out in the South just as Capt. Hugh L. Scott predicted it would. He had been sent by the government to investigate
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-Si88-b) Sitting Bull
      • Description: 67) The Ghost Dance concept was based on the belief that if the Indians danced the Naroya-a sliding sidestep - for three days, sang the prescribed songs, and used the paint, the dead Indians and buffalo would return and the white man would disappear. This gave hope to a discouraged peopled until they became disillusioned
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-da-od) Indian-Oaohee-Ghost Dance
      • Description: 68) The Ghost Dance shirt was thought to be impervious to bullets
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap) Indian-Tribe-Araphoe
      • Description: 69) This is a Peyote Cult meeting, drawn by Carl Sweezy, a gifted Southern Arapahoe artist. The Water Woman brings in water as part of the ceremony. The cult had its beginning in the South. It is believed to have flourished some time before it was brought to the Wind River Reservation by William Shakespeare, an Arapahoe. The Shoshones practiced the Comanche and Kiowa ways, the Arapahoes, the Arapahoe - that is, until became standardized by the Native American Church. Peyote is used as a sacrament, just as wine in the white man's church
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-pey) Indian-Peyote Ceremony
      • Description: 70) Sharp Nose, who was head chief of the Northern Arapahoes after Black Coal, was the last chief to retain his Indian name without change, and his two wives, until his death. He died in 1900, the same year as Washakie
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-Sh23-n) Sharp Nose
      • Description: 71) Two Arapahoes at Carlisle Indian School are shown doing "squaw work", and they do not seem too happy about it
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap) Indian-Tribe-Araphoe
      • Description: 72) This excellent acculturation picture shows an Arapahoe dressed in white man's attire in an effort to conform. The two Cheyennes are relaxed in their native dress
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-B863-m) Buffalo Meat
      • Description: 73) Yellow Calf was the last recognized Arapahoe chief. When names were anglicized, he was given the name George Caldwell, which he used for legal matters only. The Indians did not have surnames, so the name of the head of the family was considered the family name, unless in translated form it might be objectionable. A first name was then added
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-438-c) Washakie-Family
      • Description: 74) The McLaughlin Agreement if 1904 further diminished the reservation. Previously the southern part had tobe relinquished to satisfy mining claims. Sherman Coolidge, in overcoat, looks in while Yellow Calf signs
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-W27-f) Washakie-Family
      • Description: 75) The Sun Dance did not originate with the Arapahoes, but they perfected it. They call the Sun Dance Lodge the Offerings Lodge, with the Center Pole representing Man Above, or the Supreme Power. The scarves hanging from the overhead beams are symbolic of the offerings brought to the ceremony. The Shoshones and the Arapahoes have their own Sun Dances
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-da-sh) Indian-Dance-Shoshone
      • Description: 76) This is believed to be Chief Washakie's last picture
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-W27) Washakie
      • Description: 77) In the 1920s Tim McCoy organized a group of Arapahoes to take part in the "Covered Wagon" movie. This picture was taken on the steps of the Wyoming State Capitol. Lizzie Brokenhorn is on the front row in her warbonnet
        Dates: 1920s
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-arap) Indian-Tribe-Araphoe
      • Description: 78) Since Wyoming is known as the Equality State, it is interesting to note that Irene Kinnear Meade was the first woman on the Shoshone Tribal Council, in 1930. She also had the distinction of being a charter member of the Wyoming Mayflower Society, through her father Napoleon Bonaparte Kinnear. She was the ganddaughter of Jim Baker and Meateetse
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh) Indian-Tribe-Shoshone
      • Description: 79) Nellie Scott, whose mother was a foundling on the battlefield, did not know which tribe she belonged to, but she was on the Shoshone roll at first. Then she was dropped because of a technicality and picked up by Yellow Calf on the Arapahoe. In 1935, she was the first woman on the Arapahoe Tribal Council, where she served for 37 years
        Dates:
        Container: PHOTO (B-Sco85-n) Scott, Nellie
      • Description: 80) When the symbolic wagon train went through Shoshone country in the fall of 1975, on its way to Fort Laramie to spend the winter, it made camp on the Sweetwater. There the Shoshones entered the Bicentennial spirit by pitching their tepees along the stream as they did in pre-reservation times. It was reminiscent of Alfred Jacob Miller's painting, "Shoshone Hospitality". It ever so briefly, history repeated itself
        Dates: 1975
        Container: PHOTO (In2-tri-sh) Indian-Tribe-Shoshone
  • MISCELLANEOUS:

    • Description: Accomodations Information - Tsa-la-gi Area
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Bibliography of Cherokees (2)
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Cherokee National Historical Society, Inc. The Cherokee National Museum (2)
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Diagram-Organization of Wyoming Government
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Envelope-Hotel Plains
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Fact Sheet-Cherokee National Historical Society, Inc. Tsa-la-gi. July 1974 (2), July 1975 (1)
      Dates: 1974-1975
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Library Index Card: The Shoshonis, Sentinels of the Rockies, by Virginia Cole Trenholm
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: List of persons honoured by the Midwest Region
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Postcard: Medicine Lodge Stockade
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Program Fact Sheet - Tsa-la-gi
      Dates: 1975
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Selected List of Portaits of Prominent Indians
      Dates:
      Container: Box 5
    • Description: Booklet: WHEATLAND'S FIRST CHURCH, by Virginia Cole Trenholm. In Commemoration of the 62nd Anniversary Union Congregational Church Wheatland, Wyoming, July 7, 1957. Reprinted from ANNALS OF WYOMING
      Dates: April 1957
      Container: (C47-con-ww) Church-Congregational-Wheatland, wyo.
    • Description: Manuscript: "The Wind River Indians", a lecture delivered before the Albany County Historical Society, Laramie, Wyoming, by Virginia Cole Trenholm. Xerox copy of her notes with annotations
      Dates: May 17, 1971
      Container: (B-T723vc)
    • Description: Booklet: "Amanda Mary and the Dog Soldiers", by Virginia Cole Trenholm. Reprinted from ANNALS OF WYOMING, Vol. 46, No. 1, Spring 1974. The Lusk Herald, Lusk, Wyoming
      Dates: 1974
      Container: (B-T723-vc)

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

  • Arapaho Indians.
  • Authors, American.
  • Indians of North America -- Wyoming.
  • Shoshoni Indians.
  • Women historians.

Geographical Names

  • Wind River Indian Reservation (Wyo.)
  • Wyoming -- History -- 1890-1918.
  • Wyoming -- History -- 1919-1945.
  • Wyoming -- History -- 1946-

Occupations

  • Historians.
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