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Thain White research collection: Native Americans and early Montana history, 1866-1995

Overview of the Collection

Creator
White, Thain, 1913-1999
Title
Thain White research collection: Native Americans and early Montana history
Dates
1866-1995 (inclusive)
Quantity
3.5 linear feet of shelf space
Collection Number
MC 326 (collection)
Summary
This collection consists of research materials compiled by Thain White, well-known local historian and director of the Flathead Lake Lookout Museum. The materials include White's research notes and photographs, articles and publications compiled and bound by subject, books, and journals. Topics covered in the research materials include various battles in Montana, Native American burials and artifacts, forts, the Nez Perce war, canoes, George Armstrong Custer, Howse House, and various topics of local interest.
Repository
Montana Historical Society, Library & Archives
Montana Historical Society Research Center Archives
225 North Roberts
PO Box 201201
Helena MT
59620-1201
Telephone: 4064442681
Fax: 4064445297
mhslibrary@mt.gov
Access Restrictions

Collection is open for research.

Languages
English
Sponsor
Funding for encoding this finding aid was provided through a grant awarded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
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Biographical Note

Thain White was born in Milburn, Illinois on January 26, 1913, the son of Ernie and Hazel White. In early childhood, the family moved to Rollins, Montana, where Ernie White established a sheep farm called the Columbia Sheep Company. While working for his father and later on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation and in Glacier Park, Thain developed an interest in the history and archaeology of Montana. He conducted archaeological digs with Carling Malouf, Gordon L. Pouliot, and Duane Hampton, developing precise documentation for the sites. Among the sites he explored were the Big Hole Battlefield, the Bear's Paw Battlefield, various Mullan Road and Lolo Pass sites, and others.

In 1949 Thane and his father established the Flathead Lake Lookout Museum at Lakeside to display artifacts of local interest. The Museum also sponsored Thane's research and many of his research papers bear the imprint of the museum. In later years he lived at Dayton, where he died April 30, 1999. He was survived by his wife Fay White.

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Content Description

Collection consists of writings, correspondence, and research materials, arranged by topic. The research was predominantly on topics related to early exploration and Indian wars; however, there are also files on Flathead area history, on wildlife, and on artifacts. There are also photographs of damaged buildings in Belgium and France during World War I and the restored buildings 60 years later.

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Use of the Collection

Restrictions on Use

The Montana Historical Society is the owner of the materials in the Research Library and makes available reproductions for research, publication, and other uses. Written permission must be obtained from the Research Library before any reproduction use. The Society does not necessarily hold copyright to all of the materials in the collections. In some cases, permission for use may require seeking additional authorization from the copyright owners.

Preferred Citation

item description and date. Collection Title. Collection Number. Box and Folder numbers. Montana Historical Society Research Center, Archives, Helena, Montana.

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Administrative Information

Arrangement

Arranged by series. Some material housed in oversize boxes, oversize folders, and as volume. See inventory below for more information.

Location of Collection

15:7-5

Location of Collection

15:7-5 (Overisize Box 1)

Location of Collection

150:3-5 (Volume 1)

Acquisition Information

Acquisition information available upon request

Related Materials

Thain White Papers at University of Montana, Missoula, MT; Thain White Papers at Washington State University, Pullman, WA

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Detailed Description of the Collection

Detailed Description of the Collection
  • Biographical Materials

    • Description: Obituaries; biographical sketch
      Dates: 1999
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 1
  • General Correspondence

    • Description: B-T (correspondents include Blaine County Museum, Big Hole National Battlefield, Jerome A. Greene, Duane Hampton, James L. Long, John F. Mathews, John D. McDermott, Sam Murrish, Nez Perce National Historic Park, Carle F. O'Neil, Joel F. Overholser, Jerry Peltier, Paul c. Phillips, Saskatchewan Archives Board, Wilfred Schoenberg, Lois Thain)
      Dates: 1950-1995
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 2
  • Research Notes and Writings

    • Description: Battle of the Rosebud (includes "Artifacts from the Battle of the Rosebud"; clippings)
      Dates: circa 1962
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 3-4
    • Description: "Battle of Wolf Mountains, January 8, 1877 : a visit to the site in 1963" (also includes letter from Charles B. Erleman and photos)
      Dates: 1963-1965
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 5
    • Description: "Battles of Montana and their locations" (also includes a few non-Montana)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 6
    • Description: "Big game perches (stands)" (re hunting blinds)
      Dates: circa 1974
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 7
    • Description: "Blackfeet Indian burials" (re John Don't Go Out and Four Horns; includes drawings)
      Dates: circa 1967
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 8
    • Description: Blackfeet Indian census (includes list of signers of 1887-1888 treaty, loose notes and clippings)
      Dates: 1887-1993
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 9
    • Description: Bone pickers on Blackfeet Reservation (includes "Bison drives on the Blackfeet Reservation, "A few archaeological sites on the Blackfeet Reservation, Montana", clippings, etc.)
      Dates: 1951
      Container: Box/Folder 1 / 10-11
    • Description: Buffalo (includes articles, clippings, National Bison Range Wilderness Study summary, white buffalo)
      Dates: 1915-1994
      Container: Box/Folder 2 / 1-4
    • Description: "Paul Bunyan boat" by Kelly Martin (based on interview with Thain White)
      Dates: 1971
      Container: Box/Folder 2 /5
    • Description: Canoes (includes "Kutenai canoe" by D. P. Mumbrue; "Notes of canoes and hunting etc. of a Kutenai woman" by Mrs. Josephine Aneas; "Pointed bark canoes of the Kutenai and Amur" by Otis T. Mason
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 2 / 6-7
    • Description: "A study of a few Indian canoes" by Thain White
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 2 / 8
    • Description: Canoes
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 2 / 9-11
    • Description: Cantonment Jordan (re Mullan encampment, winter 1859-1860; includes correspondence with Duane Hampton, Winifred Schoenberg, and Margie Hahn; writings by Thain White and Duane Hampton; clippings; articles; notes, maps, etc.)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 2 / 12-16
    • Description: Chouteau family
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 1
    • Description: "Crow Rock", by Thain White
      Dates: circa 1968
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 2
    • Description: Dayton Creek Crossing (includes "An early crossing at Dayton Creek, west shore of Flathead Lake" [2 versions]
      Dates: 1974
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 3
    • Description: Dayton, Montana (includes brochure for Hiawatha Lodge; map; chronology)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 4
    • Description: Demersville, Montana (includes "The hanging of four outlaw Indians"; "Old timer tells tale of Demersville scare"; "Their crimes"; "Demersville" by George F. Stannard [all copied from Samuel E. Johns collection]; clippings)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 5
    • Description: J. M. Dunn murder site
      Dates: 1960-1961
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 6
    • Description: Flathead Indian Reservation census (alphabetical order)
      Dates: 1925
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 7
    • Description: Flathead Indian Reservation (includes "Flathead Lake Kutenai" by Helen Dwelle; "Treaty with the Flatheads, etc., 1855")
      Dates: 1855, 1959
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 8
    • Description: Flathead Lake Lookout Museum publications #1, 2, 3, 11
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 9
    • Description: Flathead Lake steamboats and ferries (includes lists, correspondence, clippings)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 10
    • Description: Flathead Valley (includes field trip; reading list; "Beautiful Flathead--America's finest lake"; map)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 11
    • Description: Forge welding (includes "Some hints on forge welding: livestock brands")
      Dates: 1975
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 12
    • Description: Fort Assiniboine (includes article by J. Torrence Harvey and Thain White; correspondence, etc.)
      Dates: 1941, 1963-1965
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 13-14
    • Description: Fort C. F. Smith ("Some observations at the site of Fort C. F. Smith, 1866-1868", by Thain White
      Dates: 1962
      Container: Box/Folder 3 / 15
    • Description: Fort Conrad (includes information on Joseph Kipp and James Willard Schultz; and paper and notes by Thain White)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 4 / 1
    • Description: Fort Missoula (photocopies of original letters, source of originals unknown)
      Dates: 1877-1881
      Container: Box/Folder 4 / 2
    • Description: Fort Owen (includes "A study of some of Fort Owen window glass"; "Billings homestead window glass comparison to Fort Owen window glass")
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 4 / 3
    • Description: Fort Peck Indian Reservation (includes "Some photographs on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana, taken by Ernest White in 1907")
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 4 / 4
    • Description: Forts (includes "Partial list of military posts, forts, fur posts, trading posts, houses, and a few other names such as towns and settlements of the earlier era in Montana"
      Dates: circa 1965
      Container: Box/Folder 4 / 5
    • Description: Forts and fur posts (alphabetical list with notes and references)
      Dates: 1965
      Container: Box/Folder 4 / 6
    • Description: Hiawatha Lodge
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 4 / 7
    • Description: Holy Family Mission on Blackfeet Indian Reservation (also includes Big Spring cabin and grave of James Willard Schultz)
      Dates: 1977
      Container: Box/Folder 4 / 8
    • Description: Howse House of Hudson Bay Company (includes untitled manuscript by Thain White; "Howse House: an historic and archaeological study" by A. Barry Braunberger and Thain White)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 5 / 1-2
    • Description: Indian outlaws (re Pascale, Pierre Paul, Antley, and La La See)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 5 / 3
    • Description: Indian peace medals (articles and books)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 5 / 4
    • Description: Kalispell
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 5 / 5
    • Description: Daniel Knapp
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 5 / 6
    • Description: Kutenai Indians (includes "Recollections of Lasso Stasso" 2 versions by Carling Malouf and Thain White; Kutenai stories; Kutenai monthly traditions; articles from published journals; bibliography of native games; "Digging sticks and handles of the Kutenai" [2 versions])
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 5 / 8-11
    • Description: C. M. Lee diary transcript (re Musselshell; same as portion of SC 1820)
      Dates: 1868
      Container: Box/Folder 5 / 12
    • Description: Lewis and Clark Expedition trail in Lolo Pass area
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 5 / 13
    • Description: Lewis and Clark Expedition trail in Lolo Pass area (continued)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 1
    • Description: Livestock brands (includes "A few livestock brands used before 1900 by Indians and whites on the Indian reservations in Montana" by Thain White; correspondence; notes; clippings)
      Dates: 1970-1971
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 2-4
    • Description: "Lolo Creek reflections"
      Dates: 1976
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 5
    • Description: Ramona Marchioli reminiscence (aka Elizabeth "Bessie" Hand)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 6
    • Description: Angus McDonald (includes "A few items of the West"; correspondence; notes; etc.)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 7
    • Description: "Medicine Rock" by Thain White (near Rollins; 3 versions]
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 8
    • Description: Misery Hill, Idaho (includes "Relics from Misery Hill, Nez Perce War, 1877")
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 9
    • Description: Mullan Road (includes copy of "Blazing the Mullan Trail" by John Strachan
      Dates: 1860-1861
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 10
    • Description: "Navigation on lake and river", by Barry Braunberger
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 11
    • Description: Nez Perce War (includes "Clearwater Battlefield...a preliminary survey" by Thain White; "The Battle of the Clearwater" by Luther P. Wilmot; "The site of where seven Nez Perce warriors were killed, 1877, and some thoughts on old Fort Belknap"; bibliography by Aubrey Haines; "The possible site of the Rains scouting party tragedy"; "Relics from the Big Hole Battlefield"; letters; brochures; clippings
      Dates: 1960-1969
      Container: Box/Folder 6 / 12-17
    • Description: Nez Perce War map (Oversize Folder: See Archives Map Case)
      Dates: 1960-1969
      Container: Oversize Folder 1
    • Description: Old Mission State Park, Cataldo, Idaho, brochures
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 1
    • Description: Frederic Remington
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 2
    • Description: Rollins, Montana (includes paper, correspondence, clippings)
      Dates: 1970-1993
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 3
    • Description: Saleesh House (includes "The possible location of Saleesh House, a fur trading post built by David Thompson, 1809-1810 in Western Montana" by Thain White; correspondence; notes; clippings) [Oversize maps in Map Case]
      Dates: 1961-1973
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 4-6
    • Description: Salish Indians (includes monthly traditions; untitled manuscript)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 7
    • Description: Sara DesChamps Saloway reminiscence (re capture of Lawrence Finley, in 1890)
      Dates: 1949
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 8
    • Description: "Scarred trees in Western Montana" [2 versions] (also includes clippings and correspondence)
      Dates: 1954-1982
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 9
    • Description: "A search for the site of Sitting Bull; where he spent the first winter in Canada after the Custer massacre" (re Frenchman River, Saskatchewan)
      Dates: 1960
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 10
    • Description: Sheep (includes "Sheep herders dictionary of Blackfeet Indian words" by Harold Prouty; "A brief account of the Columbia sheep" by Bill Denecke; "A lamb's tale" by Daniel N. Miles; "Ovine surgery in purebred flocks" by J. W. Britton)
      Dates: 1944-1958
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 11
    • Description: Spokane House (clippings, including Jaco Finlay's grave)
      Dates: 1940-1951
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 12
    • Description: Stagecoaches and stagecoach lines (includes "Gold, stage stations, robbery and history : a story as told by my parents" by Thain White; "Thunder Mountain"; "Abstracts of passengers and way bills"; broadsides; pamphlets; clippings; etc.)
      Dates: 1971-1992
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 13-14
    • Description: "A study of a few Indian burials" by Thain White
      Dates: 1968
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 15
    • Description: "A study of the lithograph 'Flathead Lake looking southward' in Pacific Railroad reports and surveys, 1853-1854" by Thain White
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 16
    • Description: David Thompson (clippings)
      Dates: 1988-1998
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 17
    • Description: "The war holes, Southern Saskatchewan, Canada" (2 versions; correspondence; notes)
      Dates: 1960-1974
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 18
    • Description: Wild Horse Island (includes "Wild Horse Island" by Judy Brown and Debbie Kasberg; "Schnitzmeyer: homestead era photographic artist" by Paul Fugleberg; correspondence; brochures; clippings)
      Dates: 1971-1992
      Container: Box/Folder 7 / 19
    • Description: World War I (re France and Belgium; includes notes, clippings re veterans, etc.)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 8 / 1-2
    • Description: World War I (oversize photos of damaged cathedrals, and other buildings)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Oversizebox 1
    • Description: Yellowstone Wagon Road (includes "A few relics from the rifle pits of the Yellowstone Wagon Road and prospecting expedition, 1874"; Rosebud Site)
      Dates: 1968
      Container: Box/Folder 8 / 3
  • Miscellany

    • Description: Advertisements from Outlook Magazine
      Dates: 1911-1918
      Container: Box/Folder 8 / 4
    • Description: County maps from Montana Stockgrowers directory
      Dates: 1901
      Container: Box/Folder 8 / 5
    • Description: Inventories (includes Thain White library; Thain White Papers at University of Montana; Thain White Papers at Washington State University)
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 8 / 6
    • Description: List of articles by Thain White
      Dates: undated
      Container: Box/Folder 8 / 7
    • Description: United States Geological Survey Charles D. Walcott Eighteenth Director Annual Report 1896-97 Part III Economic Geolog
      Dates: circa 1897
      Container: Volume 1

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

  • Archaeology--Montana
  • Canoes and canoeing--Montana
  • Coaching (Transportation)--Montana
  • Fortification--Montana
  • Frontier and pioneer life--Montana
  • Indians of North America--Montana--Antiquities
  • Steamboats--Montana--Flathead Lake
  • World War, 1914-1918--Belgium--Pictorial works
  • World War, 1914-1918--France--Pictorial works

Personal Names

  • White, Thain, 1913-1999 (creator)

Geographical Names

  • Dayton (Mont.)
  • Demersville (Mont.)
  • Flathead Indian Reservation (Mont.)
  • Flathead Lake (Mont.)
  • Flathead River Valley (B.C. and Mont.)
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