Photos of Eskimo at Kingegan, Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska, approximately 1901-1906

Nowadluk Nora Ootenna (1883/85-1918) [Norwadluk; Nowadlook; Nawadlook; Nawadluk; Noadkuk; Noadoadlok; Newarluk] was born in Kingegan about 1883-1885 to Eungnuk (1841-1918) (Eungknook, Enuquenuh) and Weakaseuk (1834-1918) (Weokrseok). Her known siblings were Ongualuk (Stella Adlooat Kaingnizinia) (1888-1941) and James Keok (1879/1880-1918). Nowadluk "Nora" and her cousin Nowadluk "Alice" attended school and worked for the educators Ellen and W. T. Lopp. Ellen Lopp gave the cousins the names Nora and Alice, because they shared the same Inupiaq name. In August 1900, in a double wedding with her cousin, Nowadluk married George Ootenna (1878-1971) a successful reindeer herder. They did not have children, however, sometime after 1910 they adopted a daughter Isabel. Nowadluk was an active member of the church, taught Sunday school, and was the subject of several Christian missionary articles about her exemplary home. Nowadluk was also a popular subject of the Nome commercial photographers, marketing her as an "Eskimo Belle" wearing her atigi (fancy fur parka). Nowadluk died in the 1918 pandemic in Kingegan, along with her parents, her brother James Keok, four of his children, her brother-in-law Adlooat and his baby. References: Smith, Kathleen Lopp and Smith, Verbeck, Ice Window, Letters from a Bering Strait Village: 1892-1902, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2001.; The American Missionary, vol. 68, 1914, An Arctic Journey to Dedicate Thornton Memorial Church, by Rev. Philip E. Bauer, of Nome, Alaska, p. 477.; Nagozruk's Report of Deaths and Living, U.S. Public School, Wales, Alaska, November 1918, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1908-1934, Record Group 75, M2150, pages 1220-1229, National Archives, Identifier number 231817243. Submitted by Deborah Tear Haynes, 3/2022.

Nora and her sister Ongnoluk were students in Susan R. Bernardi's class at the U.S. Government School in Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska.

Nowadluk Nora Ootenna (1883/85-1918) [Norwadluk; Nowadlook; Nawadlook; Nawadluk; Noadkuk; Noadoadlok; Newarluk] was born in Kingegan about 1883-1885 to Eungnuk (1841-1918) (Eungknook, Enuquenuh) and Weakaseuk (1834-1918) (Weokrseok). Her known siblings were Ongualuk (Stella Adlooat Kaingnizinia) (1888-1941) and James Keok (1879/1880-1918). Nowadluk "Nora" and her cousin Nowadluk "Alice" attended school and worked for the educators Ellen and W. T. Lopp. Ellen Lopp gave the cousins the names Nora and Alice, because they shared the same Inupiaq name. In August 1900, in a double wedding with her cousin, Nowadluk married George Ootenna (1878-1971) a successful reindeer herder. They did not have children, however, sometime after 1910 they adopted a daughter Isabel. Nowadluk was an active member of the church, taught Sunday school, and was the subject of several Christian missionary articles about her exemplary home. Nowadluk was also a popular subject of the Nome commercial photographers, marketing her as an "Eskimo Belle" wearing her atigi (fancy fur parka). Nowadluk died in the 1918 pandemic in Kingegan, along with her parents, her brother James Keok, four of his children, her brother-in-law Adlooat and his baby. References: Smith, Kathleen Lopp and Smith, Verbeck, Ice Window, Letters from a Bering Strait Village: 1892-1902, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2001.; The American Missionary, vol. 68, 1914, An Arctic Journey to Dedicate Thornton Memorial Church, by Rev. Philip E. Bauer, of Nome, Alaska, p. 477.; Nagozruk's Report of Deaths and Living, U.S. Public School, Wales, Alaska, November 1918, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1908-1934, Record Group 75, M2150, pages 1220-1229, National Archives, Identifier number 231817243. Submitted by Deborah Tear Haynes, 3/2022 .

Ongualuk Stella Adlooat Kaingnazinia (1888-1941) [Ongnaluk, Agnahluk, Angnolok, Oknaklook] was born in Kingegan in 1888 to Eungnuk (1841-1918) ( Eungknook, Enuquenuh) and her father Weakaseuk (1834-1918) (Weokrseok). Her known siblings were Nora Nowadluk Ootenna (1883/85-1918) and James Keok (1879/1880-1918). Ongualuk"™s drawing depicting a woman dressed in a trimmed parka was preserved by Ellen Lopp. Ongualuk married Adlooat (Warren Sowle Adlooat) (1883-1918) an assistant at the Methodist mission in Kingegan. They had six children. In the 1918 pandemic Ongualuk lost her parents, her siblings, her husband and her new baby. A few months later, on March 4, 1919, she married the widow, Paul Kaingnazinia (1894-1935) (Kaingnizima, Kaingnizina, Kaingnizna, Kiongozinna). His wife, Lilly Ashaahok, had also died in the pandemic. Kaingnazinia and Ongualuk raised the five Adlooat children, and had four children together. In 1930, Kaingnizinia and Ongualuk lived in Port Clarence. After Kaingnizinia died in 1935, Ongualuk returned to Kingegan, and is listed as a skin sewer in the 1940 U.S. Census. She died on May 27, 1941. References: Nagozruk's Report of Deaths and Living, U.S. Public School, Wales, Alaska, November 1918, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1908-1934, Record Group 75, M2150, pages 1220-1229, National Archives, Identifier number 231817243; Smith, Kathleen Lopp and Smith, Verbeck, Ice Window, Letters from a Bering Strait Village: 1892-1902, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2001; Kathleen Lopp Smith Collection, drawing no. 2004.061.098, Anchorage Museum; Ancestry.com: U.S. Census Records and public family trees. Submitted by Deborah Tear Haynes, 3/2022

Engnuk was born July 1841 in Kingegan. She married Weokrseok / Weakaseuk (c.1835-1918) and had three known children: Keok (1879/80-1918), Nowadluk (1883/85-1918), and Ongnaluk (1888-1941). In 1910 Engnuk and her husband were living with their son Keok, a successful reindeer herder, and his family in Port Clarence. The November 1918 Kingegan influenza outbreak, took the lives of Engnuk and Weokrseok, along with their son Keok, daughter Nowadluk and four of their grandchildren. References: U.S. Census records; Nagozruk's Report of Deaths and Living, U.S. Public School, Wales, Alaska, November 1918, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1908-1934, Record Group 75, M2150, pages 1220-1229, National Archives, Identifier number 231817243. Written by Deborah Tear Haynes, 2/2024.

Nowadluk Alice Stanley (1883-between 1926-1930) was born in Kingegan in 1883. Her mother was Nevenwok (1866-unknown) and her father was Tulikpak (Tuulikpiaq) (dates unknown). Her younger brother was Harry Karmon (1887-1939), a reindeer herder. Nowadluk "Alice" and her cousin Nowadluk "Nora" attended school and worked for the educators Ellen and W. T. Lopp. Ellen Lopp gave the cousins the names Alice and Nora, because they shared the same Inupiaq name. Nowadluk worked for the Lopps from about 1894-1900. In August 1900, in a double wedding with her cousin, Nowadluk married Stanley Kivyearzruk (1879-late 1940s), a successful reindeer herder. Reference: Smith, Kathleen Lopp and Smith, Verbeck, Ice Window, Letters from a Bering Strait Village: 1892-1902, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2001. Submitted by Deborah Tear Haynes, 3/2022

Keok / Ke-ok / James Keok (1879-1918). Keok was born May 1879 in Kingegan to Weakaseuk (1834-1918) and Eungnuk (1841-1918). Keok had two known siblings: Nowadluk (1883/85-1918) and Ongnaluk (1888-1941). Keok’s life was influenced by the educators W. T. and Ellen Lopp who lived in Kingegan from 1892-1902. Under the Lopps’ tutelage Keok learned English, reading, writing, accounting and Western pictorial style drawing. The Kathleen Lopp Smith collection of Keok’s drawings can be seen on the Anchorage Museum’s website. In 1893, Lopp selected Keok to be in the first group of apprentice reindeer herders and later to participate in the well documented 1897-1898 Point Barrow - Overland Relief Expedition. W. T. Lopp wrote about his admiration for Keok, noting his outstanding character and leadership skills in an unpublished account titled “Eskimo Boys on Drive in 1898.” Keok was an independent herder and the owner of the largest herd in his district. Complete accounts of Keok’s herds, their size and locations were published annually in the U.S. Bureau of Education’s Reports on The Introduction of Domestic Reindeer into Alaska. In 1914, the Congregational missionary Philip E. Bauer wrote a sensational article about Keok characterizing him as the “Rockefeller of Alaska” and the “Reindeer King.” Keok married Egalana (1886-1937) in Kingegan about 1904. Their children were: Anousuk / Anowsuk / Fay (1905-1918), Annakok / Alma (1908-1931), Tayokanna / Charles (1911-1918), Illayok / Ellayok Sheldon Jackson (1914-1961?), Ouokluk Lester (1916-1918), Puaruk (1918-1918). Tragically, Keok, his parents, his sister and four of his six children died in Kingegan in the November 1918 influenza pandemic. References: U. S. Census Records; Newspapers.com; William Thomas Lopp Papers, Ax 058, Special Collections & University Archives, University of Oregon Libraries, Eugene, Oregon; Nagozruk's Report of Deaths and Living, U.S. Public School, Wales, Alaska, November 1918, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1908-1934, Record Group 75, M2150, pages 1220-1229, National Archives, Identifier number 231817243; Bauer, Rev. Philip E., “An Arctic Journey to Dedicate Thornton Memorial Church,” The American Missionary, 1914, vol. 68, p. 477; Smith, Kathleen Lopp and Smith, Verbeck, Ice Window, Letters from a Bering Strait Village: 1892-1902, Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2001; The Anchorage Museum, Gift of Kathleen Lopp-Smith, 2004.61. Note: Keok’s name was appropriated, for a female character, by James Oliver Curwood for his novel The Alaskan, New York: Cosmopolitan Book Corporation, 1923, and movie, 1924. Submitted by Deborah Tear Haynes, 2/2024

Charles Menadelook (1892-1933) was born in Kingegan to Kokituk (1869-1897) and Oongak (unknown-1918). Menadelook was a school teacher and photographer. Reference: Norbert, Eileen, Menadelook, An Inupiat Teacher’s Photographs of Alaska Village Life, 1907-1932, Seattle: University of Washington Press and Juneau: Sealaska Heritage Institute, 2016. Submitted by Deborah Tear Haynes, 3/2022.

Kituk (1899-1918) (Ki-tuk, Charles Kutook) was born in Kingegan in 1899 to Nopunkoak (1863-unknown) and Kitu/nk (1870-unknown). His known siblings were a brother Ulosangrauk (born 1889) and a sister Tamaknena (born 1894). As a young boy Kituk was photographed dancing by Suzanne Rignon Bernardi, B. B. Dobbs and Frank H. Nowell. The photographs of Kituk are titled "Eskimo Boy Dancer,” "Kituk, Eskimo Dancing Boy, with Father and Mother, Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska,” and “Arctic Dancing Boy, Cape Prince of Wales.” Charles Kituk was a teacher in Nome from 1915-1918. Charles Kutook (Kituk) wrote “Some Reasons for Sending Children to School” in the Bureau of Education’s magazine The Eskimo, Vol. 1, No. 9, May 1917. The missionary Dr. Albert Warren Newhall recorded the dramatic loss of life in the Alaskan villages during the 1918 pandemic. One story describes how Kituk (Ki-tuk) died on his way to Kingegan on an infected mail sled. References: 1910 U.S. Census, Cape Prince of Wales; Alaska Bureau of Education Reports, 1915-1918; Account of the influenza epidemic in Unalaska, 1919. Albert W. Newhall letters, Archives and Special Collections, Consortium Library, University of Alaska, Anchorage, HMC-0188. http://sites.rootsweb.com/~coleen/seward_alaska.html Submitted by Deborah Tear Haynes, 3/2022.