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Gustavus C. Doane Papers, 1860-1939

Overview of the Collection

Creator
Doane, Gustavus Cheyney, 1840-1892
Title
Gustavus C. Doane Papers
Dates
1860-1939
Quantity
2 linear feet
Collection Number
Collection 2211, MtBC, us (collection)
Summary
The Gustavus C. Doane Papers consist of personal and military correspondence, orders, reports, property returns, receipt books, research notes; and photographs. Subjects to which the papers pertain are: Indian wars including the Sioux, Nez Pearce, and Apache; the exploration of the Rocky Mountain area, especially Yellowstone National Park, the Snake River, and the Judith Basin areas; the Howgate polar expedition of 1880; the development and promotion of the Doane Centennial Tent; the history of the Second United States Cavalry.
Repository
Montana State University Library, Merrill G. Burlingame Special Collections
Montana State University-Bozeman Library
Merrill G Burlingame Special Collections
P.O. Box 173320
Bozeman, MT
59717-3320
Telephone: 4069944242
Fax: 4069942851
Access Restrictions

This collection is open for research.

Languages
English
Sponsor
Funding for encoding this finding aid was provided by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities
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Biographical Note

Gustavus Cheyney Doane was born in Galesburg, Illinois, on May 20, 1840, and grew up in California. He graduated from the University of the Pacific at Santa Clara in 1861, and afterwards enlisted in the "California Hundred," a federal volunteer unit absorbed by the Second Massachusetts Volunteer Cavalry. Doane attained the rank of sergeant by 1864 when he resigned to accept a commission as lieutenant with the first regiment, Mississippi Marine Brigade. After the war Doane lived for a time in Yazoo City, Mississippi where he was appointed mayor by the Reconstruction authorities in 1867. In 1868 he applied for a commission with the army and was appointed second lieutenant in the Second U.S. Cavalry. He served with the regiment for the next 24 years, attaining the rank of captain in 1884. During his postwar career Doane was stationed at a variety of frontier posts in Montana, California, and Arizona, including Fort Ellis, Fort Custer, Fort Keogh, Fort Maginnis, the Presidio, and Fort Bowie. He participated in the Sioux war of 1876, the Nez Pearce War of 1877, and the Apache campaign of 1886. Doane gained a great deal of fame as an explorer, having led the first systematic exploration of present day Yellowstone National Park in the early 1870s, a survey of the Judith Basin area in 1874, a trip down the Snake River in 1876-77, and the Howgate polar expedition in Greenland in 1880. Towards the end of his life, Doane attempted unsuccessfully to gain the superintendency of Yellowstone National Park and to influence widespread army acceptance for his invention, the Doane Centennial Tent. He married twice, to Amelia Link in 1866 and to Mary Lee Hunter in 1878. Neither union resulted in offspring. Gustavus Cheyney Doane died on May 5, 1892.

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Content Description

The Doane papers consist of personal and military correspondence, orders, reports, property returns, receipt books, and research notes. Correspondents include: Mary Hunter Doane, Nancy Davis Doane, Anna G. Doane, Nelson A. Miles, John Gibbon, Samuel D. Sturgis, and James S. Brisbin. Subjects to which the papers pertain are: Indian wars including the Sioux, Nez Pearce, and Apache; the exploration of the Rocky Mountain area, especially Yellowstone National Park, the Snake River, and the Judith Basin areas; the Howgate polar expedition of 1880; the development and promotion of the Doane Centennial Tent; the history of the Second United States Cavalry.

While the papers were in the custody of Merrill G. Burlingame whatever original order that may have existed was lost during his efforts to transcribe portions of the documents and to write a biography of Gustavus Doane. Burlingame's own correspondence and notes became interfiled with the papers and by the time the materials were inventoried by Special Collections in 1992 it was no longer apparent which materials were original and which were transcriptions. The folder headings of the first inventory did suggest a rough arrangement based on subjects or proposed chapters for the biography Burlingame was planning to write. The present arrangement has preserved some of Burlingame's subject divisions in series 3. These subject files contain more substantial reports created or collected by Doane, and "case files" of materials such as affidavits and statements that he may have saved in these groups for presentation to others. Here, for example, can be found his collection of affidavits for missing property claims, his patent and specifications for the Doane Centennial tent, and extensive reports and field notes for the Judith Basin survey and the Snake River expedition. Other military documents have been gathered in chronological order within the files of series 2. These papers include military correspondence, orders, and other documents which cannot be determined to pertain to one particular subject or another.

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Administrative Information

Arrangement

Series 1 Personal correspondence, 1864-1937

Series 2 Military papers, 1864-1893

Series 3 Subject files, 1860-1893

Series 4 Receipt and letter books, 1881-1891

Series 5 Burlingame research notes, circa 1930s

Series 6 Photographs, circa 1870-1880s

Acquisition Information

Military and personal papers created or collected by Gustavus C. Doane were donated to Special Collections by Merrill G. Burlingame in 1992.

Original letters and papers collected and created by Gustavus C. Doane throughout his life were added to by his widow, Mary Hunter Doane, after his death in 1892. Mrs. Doane became acquainted with Dr. Merrill G. Burlingame in the 1930s and provided him with much of this material to assist him with his research. Dr. Burlingame collection additional Doane papers from the estate of Mrs. Marian Cooper Bunker and the Alderson family, both of Bozeman, Montana, some time after Mrs. Doane's death in 1952. Before donating the material to Montana State University, Dr. Burlingame supplemented the collection with transcriptions from his own research.

Processing Note

This collection was processed 2009 April 6

Related Materials

For other Doane materials in the Merrill G. Burlingame Special Collections of The Libraries, Montana State University, see: Collection 492 - Report of Lieutenant Gustavus C. Doane, December 15, 1870; Collection 851 - Fort Ellis-Gustavus C. Doane Collection, 1865-1930

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Detailed Description of the Collection

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

  • Apache Indians-Wars, 1883-1886
  • Dakota Indians-Wars, 1876
  • Explorers
  • Nez PercĂ© Indians-Wars, 1877
  • Soldiers-United States
  • Tents

Personal Names

  • Howgate, Henry W

Corporate Names

  • Doane Centennial Tent Company
  • United States-Army-Officers
  • United States-Army-Cavalry, 2nd

Geographical Names

  • Arctic regions-Discovery and exploration
  • Judith River Valley (Mont.)-Discovery and exploration
  • Rocky Mountains-Discovery and exploration
  • Snake River Valley (Wyo. and Wash.)-Discovery and exploration
  • Yellowstone National Park
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