Archives West Finding Aid

Series 1 provides biographical information about Gerald Williams and contains his curriculum vitae; lists of major publications, papers, and chapters written and presented; and information about groups with which he participated.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 2 is made up of official records documenting Gerald Williams' enrollment in the United States Armed Forces. It includes documentation of his transfer from Ready Reserve to Standby Reserve and his honorable discharge in 1971.

Series 3 includes certificates Williams received from organizations such as the US Department of Agriculture, the US Forest Service, and the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. These certificates indicated appreciation and merit.

Series 4 consists of correspondence received and written by Williams that is arranged chronologically. The communications pertain to his work and interests. Williams corresponded with a broad range of individuals and institutions including colleges and universities, federal agencies, university presses, and publishers. Many other series in this collection include correspondence to and from Williams.

Series 5 contains material about Native Americans and the land they inhabit and includes papers written by Williams. An Inquiry into Petroglyph Point Lava Beds National Monument Near Tulelake, California is an unpublished paper by Williams. Petroglyph Point was traditionally occupied by the Modoc Native Americans. This paper was adapted from a paper Williams wrote for a college anthropology class. American Indian Use of Fire in Ecosystems: Thousands of Years of Managing Landscapes is a paper written by Williams that was never published; however, he did present modified versions of it in 1997-1998. There are two articles in Fire Management Today by Gerald Williams about Native American land management tactics using fire. Cathlapotle - Catching Time’s Secrets by Jon Bachnke is a publication about the large trading city of the Cathlapotle people at the time of the Lewis and Clark expedition (early 1800s). Over 900 people lived in the city that was located near current Ridgefield, Washington. Chief of Seattle Speech – The Real Story is a compilation of two of Chief Seathl “speeches.” The first may not have been a speech by Chief Seathl, but is a widely quoted story about white settlers moving natives off their land. The second is an actual speech given in about 1854, which has been rewritten and popularized in the decades since. Reference materials in this series include materials pertaining to the North Sacramento Valley (California), the southern and western Cascade Range, the Willamette Valley, and the Klamath Basin. Topics addressed include bark containers, rock art, anthropology, use of fires, archaeology, and native-settler conflict.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 6 consists of a 1982 guide by Williams to the McKenzie River area, later manuscript drafts of the publication, and reference materials pertaining to the McKenzie River basin and highway. McKenzie River Names is a brief guide to the McKenzie River geographic, social, and historical place names along the McKenzie Highway written to facilitate a tour by the Oregon Geographic Names Board. Reference materials include correspondence, reports, newspaper and journal articles with pages of Williams’ notes. Included in the reference material is Donald Mackenzie “King of the Northwest” by Cecil W. Mackenzie in 1937. The McKenzie River is named after Donald Mackenzie. Issues of River Reflections, a McKenzie River newspaper, the McKenzie Enterprise and other magazines are included in this series.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 7 consists predominately of issues of the popular magazine, Lane County Living, that include articles written by Williams. Early manuscript versions of many of the published articles are also available in this series. Article topics include: Heceta Head, notable sites on the McKenzie Highway, summit crossing at Willamette Pass, development of coastal fork communities, Lane County history, history of the Cascade foothills, early town history, and the interaction of local communities with the Hudson Bay Co. Lane County Living was a bi-monthly publication that covered a wide variety of topics relevant to the Lane County (Oregon) region, such as the outdoors, local history, trends, traveling in the area, arts and entertainment, and human-interest pieces.

Series 8 documents the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and includes Letters from Home: Life in CCC Camps of Douglas County, Oregon published in 1983 by the United States Department of Agriculture – Umpqua National Forest. This publication was written by Norman A. Myers, the writer of the letters, and compiled and edited by Gerald Williams. The series also includes papers on the CCC in the Pacific Northwest written by Williams which may not have been published or were later adapted for publication and/or presentation. The CCC was established by F.D. Roosevelt in 1933, in part of the effort to recover from the Great Depression. It had two main objectives, to find useful conservation work for unemployed men, and teach vocational skills for men through their work. Material in this series focuses on the CCC’s presence in the Pacific Northwest. Reference material includes bibliographic list of sources, correspondence, journal articles, and a pamphlet advertising the CCC. The Gerald W. Williams Collection on the Civilian Conservation Corps (MSS CCC) includes a variety of materials documenting the CCC that were assembled by Williams.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 9 is primarily about Judge John Breckenridge Waldo and consists of the material Gerald Williams used to compile the book Judge John Breckenridge Waldo: Diaries and Letters from the High Cascades of Oregon 1880-1907 published by the Umpqua and Willamette National Forests in 1992. This book is a compilation of Waldo’s letters, diaries and journals between 1877 and 1907. This series includes several editions and manuscripts of this publication. This series also contains John B. Waldo and William G. Steel: Forest Reserve Advocates for the Cascade Range of Oregon a 1994 publication of the U.S. Department of Agriculture by Gerald Williams. John Waldo was born in Oregon in 1844; he graduated from Willamette University in 1866 after studying law. Waldo was admitted to the Oregon State Bar in 1870; in 1880, he was elected to the Oregon Supreme Court and served until 1884. In 1889 he was elected to the Oregon State Legislature for one term. He was known for being a conservationist and was associated with the National Park movement. Waldo spent summers with prominent friends, including John Minto, exploring the lakes and mountains of the Cascade Mountains. Waldo Lake is named for John Waldo. Reference materials include notes on Waldo by Williams, maps, correspondence, and articles from publications such as the Oregonian, the Oregon Motorist and the Oregon State Journal among others.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 10 consists of oral histories assembled and conducted by Williams in the course of his research and writing. The series includes information about oral histories and handbooks for conducting them, published and unpublished oral history transcripts, audiocassette recordings of oral history interviews, and associated oral history project records. The series includes only audiotape recordings or transcripts (not both) for many interviews. The majority of the material in this series pertains to forests in Oregon and Washington, including but not limited to: Winema National Forest, Willamette National Forest, Umpqua National Forest, and Mt. Baker Snoqualmie National Forest. Regions outside of Oregon are also covered including the Siskiyou National Forest in northern California, Bitterroot National Forest in Montana, and Clearwater National Forest in Idaho. Of note are transcripts of interviews with Geri Vander Veer Bergen, one of the few women in forestry when she started her career in the 1960s. Additionally, there are transcripts of an interview with Wendy Milner Herrett the first woman to be district ranger in the forest service. The series includes oral histories conducted by the Forest History Society focused on forestry in the west and by the History Section of the USDA Forest Service on timber management in the Pacific Northwest. Also included are interviews of early Oregon Pioneers done during the 1930s as part of the Work Progress Administration.

Series 10 includes 3 sub-series: 1. Putting Conservation to Work, 1989; 2. McKenzie Audiotapes, 1979-1981; and 3. Other Audiotapes, 1980-2012.

A central figure in Sub-Series 1 (Putting Conservation to Work) is Robert Wolf, a professional forester and a forest policy analyst in Washington, D.C. whose career spanned 45 years with the USDA Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of the Budget, U.S. Senate, and Congressional Research Service. Wolf was interviewed in 1989 by multiple individuals as part of an extensive oral history project conducted at the University of Montana. This sub-series consists solely of transcripts of these interviews.

The McKenzie Audiotapes (Sub-Series 2) consists of audiotapes of interviews conducted by Gerald Williams, unless otherwise noted. These interviews were conducted with people who lived or worked in the McKenzie River area, east of Eugene, Oregon. Of note, many of these oral histories are of women who, for example, acted as librarians or local historians in the McKenzie River area. These audiotapes were digitized in 2013; the digital files are available upon request for use in the Special Collections and Archives Research Center Reading Room.

Sub-Series 3 (Other Audiotapes) is made up of oral histories conducted in various locations, including McCall, Idaho and Cispus, Washington. Some individuals had notably longer interviews such as Albert Wiesendanger and Richard Costley and are represented by multiple audiotapes.

This series Includes 52 audiocassettes recordings of oral history interviews.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 11 contains multiple editions of Selected References Concerning the USDA Forest Service compiled by Gerald Williams and published in the 1980s and 1990s. A Listing of Various Historical References was initially published in 1982. Revised editions, with the title Selected References Concerning the USDA Forest Service, were issued in 1985 and 1987. Selected References Concerning the USDA Forest Service: Social Political and Historical Sources of Information was published in 1990 and 1995. This series also includes a manuscript copy of the 1995 edition. These publications contain references about the USDA Forest Service at the national level and in the Pacific Northwest region as well as related forestry topics and agencies, with a particular emphasis on historical sources that provide background information on controversies and solutions. This series also contains centennial logos and USDA Forest Service international programs.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 12 consists of extensive reference and research materials on Gifford Pinchot assembled by Williams. He did not complete a major publication about Pinchot. Most of the materials in the series are photocopies of Gifford Pinchot’s correspondence, from the Library of Congress’ Gifford Pinchot Papers (indicated as “LoC” in the folder titles below). Most of the correspondence is from 1911-1912, soon after Pinchot was fired as the first Chief of the United States Forest Service, and from 1938-1940 after his retirement as the 28th Governor of Pennsylvania. The series also includes correspondence to Williams from a Library of Congress archivist with their recommendations for how best to use Pinchot’s material. Material not from the Library of Congress includes news articles about Pinchot, particularly about Pinchot’s dismissal by Taft for speaking about Richard Ballinger, the Secretary of the Interior. There is a folder of editorial cartoons much of which focus on the “Ballinger controversy.” There are transcripts of a radio address by Pinchot, information about the Conservation Commission Pinchot was involved with, and information about Pinchot’s family home, Grey Towers, in Milford, Pennsylvania, which is now a now USDA Forest Service historic site. There is a notebook of photos and ephemera with many images of Pinchot and his historic Grey Towers home, as well as brochures and pamphlets about his life and home. Of note is a manuscript compiled by Williams from Library of Congress correspondence titled: Letters from Region 6 (Pacific North West) Forest Service Employees to Gifford Pinchot. Compilation represents correspondence of forest service employees in Oregon and Washington from 1898 to 1940.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 13 includes Establishing and Defending the Cascade Range Forest Reserve: As Found in the Letters of William G. Steel, John B. Waldo, and Others Supplemented by Newspapers, Magazines, and Official Reports 1885-1912, compiled by Williams and Stephen R. Mark of Crater Lake National Park and issued in 1995 by the U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Department of Interior’s Crater Lake National Park. This compilation consists of typescripts of historical documents assembled from multiple repositories and sources and includes a brief introduction and index; a limited number of copies were produced. The focus of this book is the earliest history of the six national forests on the crest of the Oregon Cascade Range. Its documentation shows the proponents and opponents of national forests, and their efforts to create and keep public forests in Oregon. Congress and President Benjamin Harrison enacted the Forest Reserve Act in March 1891. Forest reserves in Oregon were established in 1892-1893. For more information about the establishment of the Cascade Forest Reserve, see the Oregon Encyclopedia article written by Williams. The material found in this series used to create this book includes interviews and biographies of pioneers, politicians, environmentalists, and foresters as well as correspondence, reports, journal articles, and newspaper articles on forestry, history and forestry communities.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 14 consists of 3 copies of The USDA Forest Service – The First Century published in 2000 by the United States Department of Agriculture as FS-650. A 2005 centennial commemorative edition of the publication is available online.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 15 includes Williams’ book The Forest Service: Fighting for Public Lands, published in 2007 by the Greenwood Publishing Group, and material related to its creation. These materials include manuscripts, photographs published in the book, correspondence, and assembled reference materials. The reference materials include a complete copy of “Seeing the Forest Service for the Trees: A Survey of Proposals for Changing National Forest Policy” by S.A.D Puter (1908), journal articles, newsletters, papers, reports, articles from the Oregonian, and flyers and brochures. This book covers significant controversies and changes that have happened through the Forest Service’s history including conflicts with the National Park Service, timber management including the practice of clearcutting, ecosystem management, fish and wildlife management, roadless areas, and mining.

Series 16 includes Williams’ book The U.S. Forest Service in the Pacific Northwest: A History, published in 2009 by the Oregon State University Press, and associated editorial and reference materials. This book emphasizes the history of management changes in Oregon and Washington forests through the Great Depression and World War II. This series includes multiple drafts and reviewers comments. Reference materials compiled by Williams include maps, journal articles, reports, brochures and Williams’ notes. Unlocking the Past was an early draft title for the book.

Series 17 consists of reports, essays, manuscripts, articles, book chapters and bibliographies by Williams and materials assembled by Williams to be used as reference material. It is unknown if all of these were ever published, they were predominantly written from the late 1980s through the 2000s. Most of the materials are arranged chronologically by creation or publication date. Topics include ecosystem management, Forest Service management, human and forest interaction, economics within communities involved in forestry, biographical information for forestry employees, issues of clearcutting, forest fires and burns, documentation of Forest Service events and timelines, and information from Forest Service Regions 6, 7, 8, and 9. This series includes Williams’ PhD Dissertation: A Field Theory to Behavior Prediction (1976).

Series 18 pertains to the Umpqua National Forest, in southern Oregon’s Cascade Range. It contains a draft of Williams’ report “Geographic, Social, and Historic Place Names on the Umpqua National Forest” which was written in 1981. Additionally it includes historical inventory lists for the Umpqua National Forest, compiled lists of people and resources, and a 1988 report “Umpqua National Forest Analysis of Public Comments Final Report” prepared by Gerald Williams.

Series 19 consists of editorial cartoons on forestry and environmentalism dating from 1910 to 2015 that were assembled by Williams to document public perceptions and political responses to natural resource management such as allowing controlled burns while campaigning to prevent forest fires with Smokey the Bear. Notable topics include Gifford Pinchot, the Forest Service use of controlled burns, destruction of forests, and industry interest in gaining control of resources. Williams created a presentation in the early 1990s using editorial cartoons from across the 20th century; overhead slides used in this presentation are included in this series. The majority of the cartoons are printed to size on 8x10 printer paper. Portions of these cartoons were printed directly from Cagle Blog, an internet site featuring political cartoons. Copyright for cartoons published prior to 1923 are in the public domain, while cartoons published after 1923 likely would require permission to use. There are articles about editorial cartoons, including “100+ years of Political Cartoons’ View on National Resources Management 1897-2000” by Gerald Williams.

Born-digital versions of materials in this series are available in the Gerald W. Williams Electronic Records (MSS WilliamsGElectronic).

Series 20 consists of a large volume of reference material assembled by Williams related to forests, the US Forest Service and affiliated organizations in the Pacific Northwest. Topics covered include fur companies in the Pacific Northwest and the Hudson Bay Co., mining, forest ranger districts, environmental concerns, logging, Mount Hood, and recreation. Willamette National Forest is represented through district histories, maps, plans, publications, news releases and articles. Region 6 (Oregon and Washington) history includes the thirty-year club, the forest service wives club, and early history. This series includes materials documenting several prominent issues during the 1990s-2000s such as illegal harvesting of Pacific yew in the forests and lawsuits pertaining to the use of power boats on Waldo Lake. The bulk of the material is made up of newsletters, reports, newspaper articles, correspondence, informational brochures, journal articles, regional office material and Williams’ notes.

Series 21 consists of a large volume of reference materials assembled by Williams related to forests in the United States, the US Forest Service and affiliated organizations. Much of the material was created by the US Forest Service and includes: Willamette National Forest news releases, biographical information on regional foresters, regional foresters meeting minutes, summary of data Region 6 news which pertains to Oregon and Washington, regional office material, transcripts of speeches, lecture notes, correspondence, proclamations, manuals, newspaper clippings, journal articles, Williams’ notes, documentation of environmental concerns, and publications by the United States Department of Agriculture. In addition to the material pertaining to USFS retirees in this series, more can be found in Series 26. The folders are arranged alphabetically by topic.

Series 22 consists of material documenting Oregon history (and to a lesser extent California and Washington) that does not pertain specifically to forestry. Topics addressed include the McCredie Springs, which is found 55 miles southeast of Eugene, as well as the Eugene and Springfield area. Material is made up of articles, pamphlets, publications, correspondence, and reports. Included in this series is a draft by Ted Cox on the history of Lincoln County.

Series 23 consists of material about several Oregon counties. The bulk of the series pertains to Lane County. Materials pertaining to Linn and Marion Counties are also included. Material focuses on the history of these counties in the 19th century through most of the 20th century. Material is made up of academic articles, drafts sent to Williams, and a large collection of newspaper clippings. Williams' notes are interspersed throughout.

Material on Lane County includes sparsely completed forms created to collection information on different places in Lane County. Lane County material also includes Illustrated History - Lane County Oregon, published by A.G. Walling in 1884.

Series 24 contains reference material about forest fires. The material discusses fire as a controlled management and restoration tool in forestry, research on forest fires, and uncontrolled wildfires. The material is made up of articles, both professional and popular, as well as reports. Of special note is a special edition of “The American Weekly” newspaper created with the United States Forest Service with art by Willy Pogany in 1942.

Series 25 consists of biographical information on significant individuals in forestry. Material types include interview transcripts, articles about the individuals, and articles and reports written by them. Oral histories for many of the individuals in this series are available in Series 10.

Series 26 consists of general reference materials that Williams accumulated through his studies. The material spans across the 20^th century and reflects the breadth of Williams’ interests and reach into the larger forestry community. While many of the materials pertain to the Pacific Northwest, the series includes materials on other regions of the United States, of national scope, and pertaining to international forestry. Topics include government and military interactions with the Forest Service, greater outdoor projects within or adjacent to Forest Service projects, wildlife concerns, and many reports and research related to Williams’ interests. This series includes a variety of material types including correspondence, reprinted articles, brochures, pamphlets, ephemera and a plethora of newspaper clippings. A portion of the newspaper clippings are copies of early 20^th century newspaper articles.

Of special interest are materials documenting the records of the Forest Service held by the National Archives; forms used to document historical records, sites, and structure; documents pertaining to Forest Service retirees and a 1967 article by Harold T. Pinkett published in the American Archivist.