Agriculture in Montana photograph collection

Agriculture in Montana photograph collection, 1880s-1960s

Overview of the Collection

Title: Agriculture in Montana photograph collection
Dates: 1880s-1960s (inclusive)
datedate
Quantity: 9 boxes
1031 photographic prints
68 film negatives including 25 nitrate negatives and 43 negatives made from loaned photographs
Collection Number: Lot 032
Summary: This collection consists of photographs taken of Montana’s agricultural industry including views of gardens, orchards, grain crops and livestock and views of people and equipment working in the industry and structures found on ranches, farms and homesteads including houses, cabins, barns, and outbuildings.
Repository: Montana Historical Society, Library & Archives
Montana Historical Society Research Center Archives
225 North Roberts
PO Box 201201
Helena MT
59620-1201
Telephone: 4064442681
Fax: 4064445297
mhslibrary@mt.gov
Access Restrictions: Collection is open for research.
Languages: No textual or other language materials are included in the collection.

Biographical NoteReturn to Top

Early agriculture in Montana was largely limited to supplying the markets of mining towns in the territory’s southwestern valleys. From 1870 until 1900, farmers slowly moved eastward and northward, but faced an arid climate, large open-range livestock operations, and Indian reservations. At the start of the new century, the eastern two-thirds of the state was wide open, but during the first decade advancements in tools and machinery, the development of a dry farming system, and the availability of large tracts of land through homestead legislation all gave rise to a great land rush. The boom, 1909-1916, was fueled by a large-scale promotional campaign designed by the Great Northern, Milwaukee and Northern Pacific railroads; by state agencies such as the Bureau of Agriculture, Labor and Industry; and by local chambers of commerce, banks, and newspapers in communities eager for growth and development.

The promotion was a success as prospective homesteaders traveled to Montana by train, and the farming frontier began to move – to the “golden triangle” north of Great Falls, to central Montana near Judith Basin, to northern and eastern sections of the state, to the High Line area north of the Missouri River, and to the valleys and plains along the Yellowstone River. Ample rainfall and high food prices during the first years of the homestead boom brought prosperity to Montana’s farmers. As a result, the number of farms and ranches nearly doubled between the years 1900 and 1910, to more than 26,000. The peak of the rush coincided with the U.S. entry into WWI in 1917; the boom had essentially collapsed by 1920. Montana’s homesteaders were the last wave of the U.S. agricultural frontier.

Another agricultural event in Montana early in the 20th century was the apple boom in the Bitterroot Valley. It featured a land promotion scheme, construction of the Bitterroot Valley Irrigation Canal, and planting of orchards, with financing coming largely from eastern investors. Enticed by the promise of fertile land and good climate for growing fruit trees, farmers purchased 10-acre tracts and came to the valley from 1907 to 1911. The boom was mostly apples – Macintoshes – but cherries, pears and plums were also planted. However, due to financial problems with completing the Big Ditch and because blight destroyed much of the valley’s crop in 1913, the boom was short lived.

Content DescriptionReturn to Top

This collection includes views of gardens, grain crops, livestock, and orchards on Montana ranches, farms and homesteads. In addition, there are numerous photos of people working in the agriculture industry in the state using many types of equipment including tractors, plows, combines and threshers. There are also photographs of ranch, farm and homestead structures including houses, cabins, barns, outbuildings, windmills and silos. The images are arranged into three series: Series I. Montana Department of Agriculture (DOA) Publicity Division (MTDOA) Collection, Series II. Montana Agricultural Photographs from Various Donors, and Series III. Collections of Agricultural Photographs.

Series I includes photographs collected by the Publicity Division mainly for use in its publications. The photographs in Series I and Series II are organized by subjects including Garden Crops, Grain Production, Livestock Production, Orchards, and Structures, and then by county. Series III contains photographs of a particular ranch or homestead, a specific crop or orchard, or taken by a specific photographer and is organized by these topics.

This artificial collection consists of photographs related to Montana’s agricultural industry that were donated to Montana Historical Society in the years prior to 1974. A large number of photos (310) was transferred from the Publicity Division of Montana Department of Agriculture (MTDOA). The balance of the collection (788 photos) was received from individual donors and cultural organizations.

In some instances, a photograph was loaned to Montana Historical Society for copying and a negative was created for the Photo Archives collection. Prints were made from the negatives and are included in this collection. The copy negatives are the vintage images for these loaned photographs.

Other Descriptive InformationReturn to Top

If the name of the farm, ranch, homestead or photographer is known, it is given in the descriptions below. If the date of the photo is known, it is provided.

Some of the photographs in this collection are attributed to specific photographers or photographic studios and lists of these follow.

Montana photographers:

Ray Bell

L.G. Bigelow

J.O. Booen

John L. Breum

J.W. Britian

Charles S. Bull

O.C. Bundy

F.W. Byerly

George Carolus

S.J. Culbertson

Culver Studio

Asahel Curtis

Corliss Fairchild

L.A. Foster Photo Company

George Grant

Orlando Scott Goff

Great Falls Photo and View Company

Harley

Helmbrecht Studio

Heyn and Kelley

Heyn’s Elite Studio

George Jacobson

Emeroy Johnson

J.W. Johnson

Paul W. Kieser

Al Lucke

J.F. Lewis

R.H. Mattison

J.L. Ming

Ralph Morgan

W.J. Nankeman

Olson Photograph Company

Ernest Peterson

O.M. Salisbury

Albert Schlechten

Herman Schnitzmeyer

George F. Stannard

J.F. Watt

John A. White

C.A. Wiley

C.P. Winther

Other photographers:

H.L. Bolley

Livestock Photo Company of Chicago

Northern Pacific Railroad

Use of the CollectionReturn to Top

Restrictions on Use

The Montana Historical Society is the owner of the materials in the Photograph Archives collections and makes available reproductions for research, publication, and other uses. Written permission must be obtained from the Photograph Archives before any reproduction use. The Society does not necessarily hold copyright to all of the materials in its collections. In some cases, permission for use may require seeking additional authorization from the copyright owners.

Preferred Citation

Agriculture in Montana photograph collection. Lot 032. [Box, folder number, and photograph number.] Montana Historical Society Photograph Archives, Helena, Montana.

Administrative InformationReturn to Top

Arrangement

There are three series in the collection: Series I. Montana Department of Agriculture (DOA) Publicity Division (MTDOA) Collection – photographs collected by this division and transferred to the historical society; Series II. Montana Agricultural Photographs from Various Donors - photographs received from numerous other donors sometime prior to 1974; and Series III. Collections of Agricultural Photographs – photographs of a particular ranch or homestead, a specific crop or orchard, or taken by a specific photographer.

Acquisition Information

Acquisition information available upon request.

Detailed Description of the CollectionReturn to Top

Series I: MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (DOA) PUBLICITY DIVISION COLLECTIONReturn to Top

In 1909, the state legislature provided a publicity department for the Bureau of Agriculture, Labor and Industry to collect, publish and distribute reports on the resources of the state. The first publication of the new department was entitled Montana, a booklet issued “for the purpose of attracting to Montana desirable settlers for the millions of acres of good agricultural land yet waiting for the plow.” The second edition of Montana was issued in 1912. Because of the success of this publicity campaign, the legislature created the Department of Agriculture and Publicity in 1913, and the department continued to issue similar promotional publications in subsequent years.

The publications presented “only the unvarnished truth, facts and figures that cannot be successfully disputed” in order to advertise the state’s “marvelous resources and attractions”. They also included photographs showing the people who worked the land and the locations across the state where they found opportunities to farm, ranch, practice horticulture, and raise poultry, livestock, and dairy cattle.

The photographs in this series were transferred from MTDOA and some can be found in its Publicity Division’s publications. The dated photographs are from the period 1909 – 1930. Some images include a letter of the alphabet and these photographs were used as the first letter of the text the photograph was illustrating. For example, a photograph of a farmer standing in a grain field was printed with a “W” which was used for the word “While” at the beginning of a description of crop production.

The MTDOA images are arranged in subseries by subjects including Garden Crops, Grain Production, Livestock Production, Orchards, and Structures, and then by county. Any photograph that is not identified by location is included in the Unknown Location folders at the end of each subseries.

Container(s)	Description
	Subseries 1: DOA GARDEN CROPS Crops including potatoes, celery, endive, strawberries, onions, lettuce, sunflowers, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, sugar beets, and some unidentified garden crops. Arrangement is by county.
Box/Folder
1/1	Cascade County – blooming potato plants in a field with the Sun River in background; garden on James Dennigan Ranch near Fort Shaw with house and outbuildings (1911); field of potato plants. Custer County – State Industrial School in Miles City garden, crops, trees and buildings; Beebe Community vegetable exhibit at Eastern Montana Fair (1926); vegetable exhibit at Eastern Montana Fair (1926). Dawson County – man standing near a building holding a pole made of large potatoes (1918; photo submitted by N.A. Boyts to C.D. Greenfield for Yearbook of Montana). Fallon County – men in corn and seed potato field.
1/2	Flathead County – Herman Van Aken garden (Whitefish) including group working in rows of strawberries; men hoeing celery and endive crops (1927); family standing in field of lettuce; young girl and boy in celery field with log pole structure in background; Herman Van Aken and children with harvested celery and endive boxed for shipping. Hori Ranch (Whitefish) field of cabbage and celery with barn and silo in background.
1/3	Gallatin County (photos taken by Albert Schlechten) – men, horse teams and cultivating equipment in sunflower field; men standing in pea field. Lincoln County – strawberries displayed on plate (Libby). Phillips County – men and dogs standing in potato field on Leo Geeting Farm with hay stack in background (1927); men standing in cabbage field on H. Siewing Farm with town buildings in background (1921). Powder River County – garden with rows of cabbage and other vegetables. Ravalli County – men, women and children in field picking strawberries (Bitterroot Valley) (taken by J.W. Johnson) (1925); women and children in strawberry field with boxes of fruit (“T” printed on photo); large garden planted in rows with barn, silo and outbuildings (taken by J.W. Johnson) (1927); large garden planted in rows with Hamilton Tourist Camp Ground sign and buildings; man standing in row of tomato plants; garden crop exhibits at Ravalli County Fair.
1/4	Sanders County – men and horse team harvesting sunflowers near Whitepine; men and boys in potato field; large potato raised by Mr. Louby near Thompson. Stillwater County – man standing in field of certified seed potato plants. Valley County – Thomas Green standing in dry land corn and cucumber garden with buildings and windmill near Glasgow. Yellowstone County – man standing in field of sugar beets on C.O. Stone Ranch near Ballantine, Huntley Project.
1/5	Unknown Location – field of sugar beets and Milwaukee & Saint Paul Railway car; dry land field planted in rows and farm buildings.
	Subseries 2: DOA GRAIN PRODUCTION Various grains being planted and harvested including wheat, barley, alfalfa, timothy, corn, feterita, flax, oats, rye, and unidentified crops. Farm equipment, both horse-drawn and mechanized, are shown.
Box/Folder
1/6	Beaverhead County – W.W. (Hap) Hawkins, Sr. standing by large stack of filled grain sacks. Big Horn County – Tom Campbell Farm – Aultman-Taylor gas engine tractors pulling binders in grain field; line of Aultman-Taylor tractors pulling plows in grain field (setting plowing record); tractor, truck, automobile, horse-drawn wagons, threshing equipment and crew in grain field; men and tractor pulling disc plows in field; tractor, threshing equipment (labeled Holt), wagon and men working in grain field; men with tractor pulling wagons hauling harvested wheat.
1/7	Big Horn County – Tom Campbell Farm – man with Holt Combine and 75 hp Holt Crawler working in grain field; men with Case tractor pulling grain train; line of tractors, men and equipment in grain field; men working in field with 50’ wide double disc pulled by 120 hp Holt Crawler; men on six 8-foot binders pulled by Holt Crawler working in grain field; men working in grain field with tractors and combines.
1/8	Broadwater County – hay stack, cattle, house and outbuildings on Charles Kenck Ranch near Winston; man with rifle standing in field behind fence on Kenck Ranch. Carbon County – harvested crop in field behind fence. Carter County – exhibit of wheat shocks at Carter County Fair (Ekalaka) (1922). Cascade County – harvested grain shocks in field (“W” printed on photo); men and woman with horse-drawn equipment in field harvesting crop near Belt; man standing in field of dry spring wheat near Belt (1909); man standing in corn field (taken by Heyn and Kelley); North Central Montana Corn Show (November 1923) including exhibits of prize ears of corn with sign “First National Bank of Great Falls Special“.
1/9	Chouteau County – E.L. McKeever with equipment harvesting grain crop on J.C. Jensen Farm near Loma (1927); man, woman and automobile standing in non-irrigated winter wheat field; field of harvested grain shocks near Square Butte with hay stacks in background; field of harvested wheat shocks (“H” printed on photo) (1922). Daniels County – harvested grain shocks in field (“O” printed on photo). Dawson County – woman and young boy standing in field of wheat near Glendive (taken by L.A. Foster Photo Company) (1911); men standing in oat and flax fields (taken by L.A. Foster Photo Company).
1/10	Fallon County – man and dog standing in field with harvested corn ears and shocks (“W” printed on photo) (taken by J.O. Booen). Fergus County – man in automobile with grain field in background (Cottonwood Valley, Judith Basin); men standing on stacks of wheat sacks and horse-drawn wagons in field on Otten Brothers Ranch (taken by J.F. Watt). Flathead County – men and woman standing in barley field; horse-team and equipment harvesting barley (Pleasant Valley); harvested wheat shocks in field with Columbia and Teakettle mountains in background near Creston; man standing on box in building next to a shock of oats; man standing on sidewalk holding shocks of non-irrigated oats and timothy (taken by George F. Stannard).
1/11	Gallatin County (taken by Albert Schlechten) – two men on tractor with binder in field near Bozeman; boys on horseback in field of harvested wheat shocks; women standing in field of harvested wheat shocks with mountains in background (Springhill area); men, boys, tractor and horse-drawn binders working in field near Bozeman; field of harvested wheat shocks and mountains in distance; men and horse-drawn plows working in field (Gallatin Valley); field of harvested wheat shocks with buildings at Montana State University in background (1926); man, horse-drawn wagon and elevator unloading wheat into granary; man standing in spring wheat field.
1/12	Gallatin County (taken by Albert Schlechten) – views taken near Anceny of man, woman and automobile standing in spring wheat field with harvested shocks; men, woman and horse-drawn binder standing in wheat field; and men with horse-drawn binders in field cutting wheat. Glacier County – man with horse-drawn binder working in grain field; man and boy standing in harvested field with oat shocks. Golden Valley County – man standing in corn field (“S” is printed on photo).
1/13	Hill County – views taken near Havre of man, two women and dog standing in harvested grain field with horse-drawn binders on Harry Rodgers Farm; man standing in spring wheat field holding child on Windeaker Farm; men with horse team and equipment in dry land grain field; and a group of men standing in a wheat field (caption “Havre business men see encouraging crops on dry land farm”). Judith Basin County – men on tractor with combine in grain field (1926); horse-drawn wagons in harvested wheat field (1926); automobiles and tents surrounding field for farmers’ picnic (1914). Lake County – exhibit of grain shocks (Mission Valley, Ronan) (taken by L.G. Bigelow); field of harvested oat shocks with Mission Mountains visible; field of harvested grain shocks with mountains near Arlee (taken by Emeroy Johnson) (1926).
2/1	Lewis & Clark County – two men in field of dry land barley near Wolf Creek; partially plowed field in Spokane Bench near Helena with hills in background. Lincoln County – harvested hay crop in field with horse-drawn hay wagon on A.J. Purdy Farm near Eureka. Madison County – field of harvested grain shocks on G.E. Goble Ranch near Harrison; man standing in harvested grain field on Lee Martin Ranch near Harrison. McCone County – harvested alfalfa field on Paul Schillinger Farm near Vida with house, windmill, and outbuildings. Meagher County – field of harvested grain shocks (Smith River Valley) (“A” is printed on photo). Missoula County – man standing in corn field on George F. Brooks Ranch (1916). Musselshell County – two men and horse-drawn binder working in grain field. Park County – field of harvested grain shocks with mountains in background (“I” Is printed on photo); man standing in field of harvested grain shocks (Shields River Valley).
2/2	Phillips County – field of harvested wheat shocks on S.A. Simonson Farm (near Whitewater) with barn and outbuildings (taken by Ray Bell) (1928); field of corn plants; family including Doris McMillan Bakkum, Dilbert McMillan, Gladys McMillan Campbell, Valda McMillan Hanley and Ethel McMillan Erbacker standing in field of harvested grain on McMillan Homestead near Dodson. Pondera County – views taken near Conrad of men and women standing in oat field with horse-drawn binder working in background and a field of harvested grain shocks on James F. Sanders Ranch (1915). Powder River County – woman standing in oat and millet field with horse team (Otter Creek); John Wight and woman standing in dry land alfalfa field (Bay Horse) (1918); field of corn stalks on A. Jesse Ranch (1926).
2/3	Ravalli County – exhibit of barley grown by L.E. Peterson (Victor); men standing in grain field (Bitterroot Valley) (taken by J.W. Johnson) (1927); men riding on tractor and equipment working in grain field on Bitterroot Stock Farm; men, horse-drawn wagons and equipment stacking alfalfa; man standing in timothy field (1919); large hay stack in front of barn on J.O. Reed Farm near Hamilton. Richland County – wheat field on M. Olson Farm near Sidney; man standing with corn stalks (“A” is printed on photo). Roosevelt County – man standing in grain field (“W” is printed on photo).
2/4	Rosebud County – views taken near Vanada of man standing in feterita (sorghum) field on F. W. Wright Farm; field of corn stalks (1927); men, horse team, automobile and equipment stacking rye and heading grain on I.F. Anderson Farm; field of harvested wheat shocks on Frank Ballard Farm (1921); man standing in wheat field on C. M. Ask Farm; men, tractor, automobile and equipment threshing grain and field of harvested wheat shocks on George Kermode Farm (1922); field of harvested winter wheat shocks on Hugh McCain Farm (c. 1923); field of harvested wheat shocks on Ludwig Schmoller Farm.
2/5	Sanders County – men standing in irrigated oat field (Lonepine area). Sheridan County – field of harvested wheat shocks. Stillwater County – man, horse team and equipment mowing alfalfa field (“R” is printed on photo); men standing in winter wheat field on Charles Mears Farm (Lala Basin). Sweetgrass County – people and horse-drawn wagon in field of harvested dry land wheat shocks on John Forster Farm near Greycliff (1912). Teton County – I.C. Keister standing in spring wheat field near Power (taken by Heyn & Kelley) (1922). Valley County – views taken near Glasgow of a field of harvested flax shocks and buildings on Albert Nelson Farm (1909); field of harvested grain shocks (“O” is printed on photo); men with automobile standing in wheat field on Peterson Farm (1921). Yellowstone County – field of harvested wheat shocks (“A” is printed on photo).
2/6	Unknown Location – child standing in field of harvested grain shocks; man standing with corn stalks; man with measuring pole standing in non-irrigated clover field (1919); hay stacks and roofless wooden structure; hay stacks and pickup field stacker; men standing in timothy field (taken by Olson Photograph Company) (1910); stacks of harvested grain; field of harvested wheat shocks “along the Milwaukee Road”.
2/7	Unknown Location – field of harvested grain shocks with hay stacks; field of harvested wheat shocks with buildings and windmill; man in horse-drawn buggy in grain field; man standing in wheat field (July 1910); men, tractor and equipment working in field; men with truck, McCormick-Deering tractor and combine working in field; man with tractor and equipment plowing a field (c. 1920s); man with tractor and packer working in field (c. 1920s); men and horse-drawn equipment working in field of harvested grain shocks and derrick stacker (taken by H. Schnitzmeyer for Northern Pacific Railway); harvested hay field with house, barn and outbuildings (taken by H. Schnitzmeyer for Northern Pacific Railway); exhibit of Montana grain (taken by Livestock Photo Company of Chicago) (c. 1920s).
	Subseries 3: DOA LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Pigs, horses, chickens and cattle.
Box/Folder
2/8	Blaine County – pigs and men in pen near Harlem. Carter County – pigs eating corn ears near buildings (Ekalaka) (taken by J.F. Lewis). Custer County – man and pig in enclosure with barn in background near Miles City. Musselshell County – pigs feeding near a wagon loaded with ears of corn (“C” is printed on photo). Ravalli County – men, women and children exhibiting calves and cows with building, tractor, automobiles and tents in background (taken by J.W. Johnson) (1924). Wibaux County – pig standing in field with snow on the ground; group of pigs and two horses feeding in front of log structures (“O” is printed on photo).
2/9	Unknown Location – man holding shovel standing with pigs; man holding bucket standing near pigs and chickens; man standing with pigs feeding at large trough; pigs in enclosure with straw shelter and A-frame structures; pigs and piglets in pen, laying in straw, and feeding at trough; pig eating grass in field; two men and horse standing near pigs in enclosure.
	Subseries 4: DOA ORCHARDS Apple, cherry and pear trees in various stages of growth including mature trees in blossom and with fruit. Includes individuals working in the orchards and harvesting the fruit.
Box/Folder
2/10	Flathead County – tree branch with a cluster of apples on A.B. Johnson Orchard near Kalispell (taken by J.W. Britain); man picking fruit in apple orchard; man standing in alfalfa planted in rows of blooming fruit trees; fruit trees in bloom on Snow Orchard (Bigfork). Lincoln County – pear trees and log building near Libby. Missoula County – tree branch with cherries from Orchard Homes District.
2/11	Ravalli County – fruit trees in bloom with mountains in distance (Bitterroot Valley) (taken by J.W. Johnson) (1920s); men with pressure spraying equipment in orchard (Bitterroot Valley); men and women with MacIntosh apple trees and boxes full of apples; orchard with trees in bloom (taken by R.H. McKay); men and tractors in front of orchard (taken by J.W. Johnson) (1923); orchard with Blodgett Canyon, Canyon Creek and mountains in the background near Hamilton.
2/12	Sanders County – trees with cherries and apples on Joe Weber Orchard near Thompson; tree with pears on R.R. Ross Orchard near Thompson; tree with pears on Munson Farm near Eddy. Unknown Location – fruit trees in bloom and buildings; orchard in valley with buildings, snow and mountains; silver cup trophy from Spokane Apple Show for “The Best Box of McIntosh Apples” awarded to George H. Betzer (1910).
	Subseries 5: DOA STRUCTURES Houses, cabins, shacks, outbuildings, barns, windmills, corrals and other structures on Montana ranches, farms and homesteads.
Box/Folder
2/13	Big Horn County – houses, outbuildings, and elevator on Antler Sheep Company Ranch near Wyola. Broadwater County – house, barn, silo and garden at A.B. Cook Ranch near Townsend (taken by Albert Schlechten). Carbon County – men and children hitting golf balls on lawn with ranch house and outbuildings visible; farm house with apple orchard on J.F. Kelley Ranch near Fromberg. Carter County – man sitting in front of log building with sod roof (caption on photo “wife wanted”); house, outbuildings and garden in forest near Ekalaka. Cascade County – men and women with house, barn, outbuildings, windmill and horses in corral on J.F. Dealy Ranch (taken by Heyn & Keeley); man standing with work horse and group on ranch house porch with barn, outbuildings and automobile (“H.L. Jonas” is on mailbox) near Great Falls; two-story house and barn on Preston Homestead (Sun River Project). Custer County – dairy barn, silo, outbuilding and wagon near Miles City; house, barn, road and fence on N.W. Monte Ranch near Pumpkin Creek. Fergus County – ranch house, barns, outbuildings, pond, and horses (1927).
2/14	Gallatin County – threshing crew including Chris Visser, Menko Oykman, Salo Ypma, Steve Veltkamp and dogs standing in front of building (taken by Albert Schlechten). Hill County – building in wheat field on Jestroh Brothers Ranch near Havre. Judith Basin County – house, barn and corral on Bulden Ranch near Utica; house, barn and outbuildings on T.J. Lyons Farm near Windham; ranch house, fence and pond (“N” is printed on photo). Lewis & Clark County – buildings, river and mountains on Allan Ranch near Augusta. Lincoln County – house, barn and outbuildings near forest. Missoula County – men on fence in front of log house with rock chimney on Gordon Ranch (Holland Creek Valley). Phillips County – farm house, barn, outbuildings, windmill, granary and trees. Powder River County – house, barn, outbuildings, cattle and men on horseback on Keller Ranch (“W” is printed on photo).
2/15	Ravalli County – views taken in 1922 in by J.W. Johnson of barn, outbuildings and corral with house; house, barn, outbuildings, hedge row and field on L.P. Hoover Farm; and men and wooden irrigation aqueduct going through Bitterroot Valley; University Heights Community central clubhouse near Darby (designed by Frank Lloyd Wright) with men, horses, other buildings and McIntosh Morello Orchards (later Como Orchard Company) (taken by J.W. Johnson) (1923, 1929); McIntosh Morello Orchard apple warehouse with automobile and Northern Pacific freight car.
3/1	Richland County – house, outbuildings, automobile and wagon on Hans Nelson Farm near Sidney; house and barn with sign reading “Pioneer Farm” on William Noteboom Farm near Fairview; house, barn, outbuildings and windmill on M. Olson Farm near Sidney. Rosebud County – family standing in front of cement house on Ludwig Schmoller Farm near Vananda. Sweetgrass County – family on porch of house with antlers on roof on John Forster Farm near Greycliff. Wheatland County – man and horse-drawn wagon in front of house, barn, outbuildings and equipment on sheep ranch at Musselshell Bottoms near Shawmut.
3/2	Unknown Location – automobile in front of house, outbuildings and silo with flag; house, barn (surrounded with scaffolding), garden and fence; house, barn and outbuildings on P.M. Spoelstas Farm with snow-covered mountains in distance (1909); house, barn and outbuildings with mountains in background; two large houses with brick chimneys; house, outbuilding and haystack; barn and corral with pig; man on horse-drawn wagon loaded with lumber.

Series II: MONTANA AGRICULTURAL PHOTOGRAPHS FROM VARIOUS DONATIONSReturn to Top

The photographs in this series were received from various sources prior to 1974 and were organized in subseries by subjects including Garden Crops, Grain Production, Livestock Production, Orchards, and Structures and then arranged by county. The name of the photographer and the date of the photo are noted if known.

Container(s)	Description
	Subseries 1: GARDEN CROPS Crops including potatoes, onions, cabbage, tobacco, strawberries, tomato, squash, and sugar beets.
Box/Folder
3/3	Cascade County – views taken near Great Falls of onion plants in field; garden with potato and cabbage plants and apple and plum trees on McMillan Farm with barn (1909). Hill County – men standing in field of potato plants on Grovedale Dairy Farm near Havre. Liberty County – men and dog standing with harvested potato crop on Alex Olsson Farm near Joplin (c. 1912). Musselshell County – men and a woman standing in field of cabbages on John Ola Farm near Roundup (taken by Corliss Fairchild).
3/4	Ravalli County – woman and children (one in stroller) with harvested potato crop; man standing in field of potato plants (Bitterroot Valley); potato plants growing in rows of young apple trees; men working in field of onion sets, onions and onion seed; two young girls with boxes of strawberries in strawberry field near Sunnyside Orchards (1909); group of women and girls picking strawberries; man standing with tobacco plants near Hamilton; “Tomato” Johnson standing with large tomato plants (taken by O.M. Salisbury); field of squash plants (taken for Northern Pacific Railway).
3/5	Richland County – men standing in field of beet plants with horse-drawn wagon and grain elevators. Yellowstone County – man with horse-drawn wagon loaded with beets; men and horse-drawn wagons filled with beets on ramp of beet dump near Laurel (1910); man kneeling in field of harvested onions on Eiker Ranch (Huntley Project). Unknown location – field of potato plants with orchard and mountains in distance.
	Subseries 2: GRAIN PRODUCTION Various grains being planted and harvested including wheat, barley, timothy, corn, flax, oats, millet and unidentified crops. Farm equipment, both horse-drawn and mechanized, are shown.
Box/Folder
3/6	Beaverhead County – tractor, equipment, men and haystacks on Bar B Ranch (Big Hole Basin) (1943). Blaine County – men and horse-drawn equipment with large hay stack (Bear Paws) (c. 1910). Broadwater County – Ed Kasseden and Peter George driving wagon pulled by six-mule team hauling wheat on Peter Meloy Ranch. Carbon County – men, horse-drawn wagon, stacker and hay stack near Bridger.
3/7	Cascade County – Paris Gibson in harvested field with grain shocks; men and field of grain shocks (1901); harvested wheat field with grain shocks near Great Falls; Pat O’Hara standing in oat field on J.B. Long Farm near Geyser; men with tractor, horse-drawn wagons, and threshing equipment (Sun River Bench) (1909); men standing in oat field on Jones Ranch near Great Falls (July 1910); men standing in harvested wheat field with grain shocks near Great Falls (taken by Heyn’s Elite Studio); men in oxen-drawn wagon near Sun River (taken by Great Falls Photo & View Company); men and horses with overshot stacker and buck rake on Riverdale Stock Farm owned by Henry H. Nelson.
3/8	Chouteau County – men in automobile pulling a boy riding on a binder in grain field near Fort Benton; Whitcraft hay crew on McNamara and Marlow Ranch using horse-drawn mowers and dump rakes in field with horses wearing protective blankets (c. 1912); men on horse-drawn mowers in hay field on Whitcraft Ranch near Big Sandy with horses wearing protective blankets. Daniels County – Irv Galloway driving loaded horse-drawn hay wagon near Flaxville (1914); man standing by early International Harvester tractor in field near Flaxville. Dawson County – family using home-made horse-powered thresher (1909).
3/9	Fergus County – men with Reeves steam tractor and threshing equipment on Frank Strouf Ranch near Denton (c. 1900); men using Avery tractor and steam plow and man driving a horse-drawn wagon on Gilsky Brothers Farm near Hilger (taken by George Carolus) (1905); harvested field of grain shocks near Maiden with Judith Mountains in background (taken by Culver Studio) (January 1948); men, Case tractor, horse-drawn wagons and threshing equipment on Mountain View Ranch owned by J.E. Stevens (Coffee Creek) (1911); men and stack of sacks of wheat on Otten Brothers Ranch (taken by J.F. Watt). Flathead County – W.C. Avelman holding oat and pea stocks (Kalispell) (taken by George F. Stannard). Gallatin County – harvested field of grain shocks (taken by Albert Schlechten). Glacier County – men driving horse-drawn seeders on Graham Ranch near Cut Bank (1919); men, horse-drawn equipment, tripod stacker and sling, and large hay stack on George Henkel Ranch near Browning.
3/10	Hill County – men, steam powered threshing equipment, horse-drawn wagon and hay stack (taken by Helmbrecht Studio) (1916); views taken near Havre of men, Reeves steam engine and steam lift plow in field with automobile and horse-drawn carriage; threshing crews using horse-drawn cutter, header box, tractor, horse-drawn hay wagons, bundle box, threshing machine, Kimpel Jensen Implement Company grain box, and mower (c. 1913); and men, women and children of Jim Griffin threshing crew with tractor, wagon, equipment, and hay stack (1889); men and children with grain drill and gasoline tractor on Jestrabs Ranch (1920); men and tractor pulling grain wagons from Jestrabs Ranch with buildings and grain elevators (1915); Charles Popish, Ann Warhank, Wilhelmina Warhank, Margaret Warhank, Barbara Warhank and Carl Warhank standing in harvested field of grain shocks on Popish Homestead near Goldstone (1915).
3/11	Judith Basin County – men, tractor, threshing equipment, and horse-drawn wagons harvesting wheat on T.J. Lyons Farm (Windham). Lake County – men on tractor pulling plow (Mission Valley); 12,000 sacks of wheat on Connerly Ranch (Ronan) (1911); men, tractor, horse-drawn wagons, threshing equipment on Pablo Ranch.
3/12	Lewis and Clark County – grain field and shocks with valley and mountains in background (near Helena) (taken by Asahel Curtis); man with horse-drawn equipment on Neft Ranch (Augusta); views taken on the Willard Ranch (Augusta) including Charles Willard driving buck rake (c. 1930s); men, horses and threshing equipment; men on horse-drawn mowers in hay field; and men and loaded horse-drawn hay wagon.
4/1	Liberty County – family and horse-drawn equipment in field of grain shocks on Pete Westerland Farm near Joplin (c. 1912). Madison County – men with Remi Baril threshing engine owned by Q. S. Talcott near Twin Bridges (c. 1890); Fred Seidensticker crew with tractor and threshing equipment near Twin Bridges (c. 1900). McCone County – man on horse-drawn plow on E. B. Jones Ranch (Crow Creek) (1915). Meagher County – men, mule-drawn combine, horses and wagon in field near White Sulphur Springs. Park County – three men with tractor and woman in horse-drawn buggy (Shields River area). Powder River County – views of John Wight Farm (Bay Horse) (1919) including men standing in dry land millet field; men and horse-drawn binder in corn field; and man standing in field; men and field of oats on Charles Jesse Farm near Olive. Prairie County – men with tractor, water wagon, horses and threshing equipment near Fallon (c. 1900); men, boy, horses and equipment with grain stacks near Fallon; threshing crew standing on horse-drawn hay wagons (c. 1913).
4/2	Ravalli County – men, horse-drawn wagons, tractor, threshing equipment, and women in automobile (possibly Bitterroot Stock Farm ); harvested field and grain shocks in Bitterroot Valley with buildings and Trapper’s Peak in background (taken by Ernst Peterson); men, Reeves tractor and steam plow in field at Sunnyside Orchards (Bitterroot Valley); prize-winning barley grain and oat grain grown by R.V. Peterson (Victor); prize-winning wheat grain grown by C. Edson Smith (Corvallis).
4/3	Richland County – men standing by grain piles at Lambert waiting shipment with A. Guthrie & Company Railroad Contractors equipment and town buildings in background; man standing in corn field on Ira M. Alling Farm near Sidney; ears of corn drying on racks and in buckets at D. D. Dotson Seed Company (Sidney). Rosebud County – corn field on F.W. Wright Farm near Vananda. Sheridan County – row of self-propelled combines loading wheat into trucks on Roy and Margaret Nelson Farm (1957). Stillwater County – John Woods driving horse-drawn harrow in field; prize-winning timothy grain grown by T.H. Busteed; prize-winning wheat grain grown by L.P. Yates (Fishtail). Sweetgrass County – Sam P. Solberg standing by a tractor on Sanderson Ranch near Melville (c. 1915); man and two women standing on haystack with Sam P. Solberg on hay wagon nearby on Brek Ranch (c. 1912); man pumping water in trough in corral on Solberg Ranch with horse and hay stack (c. 1905).
4/4	Valley County – harvested field with wheat shocks on John Baker Farm near Glasgow (1927); men with tractor, McCormick-Deering combine, and power binder on Al Fassett & Markle Farm near Glasgow (c. 1920); field with grain shocks and plowed furrows on Hagan School Section; men and four tractors plowing field on Cotton Brothers Farm near Frazer; women on horse-drawn stoneboat hauling water near Baylor; four oxen pulling man and plow breaking sod near Baylor; men on Avery steam-power tractor with under-mounted engine turning sod on Leo B. Coleman Farm near Glasgow; John King standing in corn field near Glasgow (c. 1909); man standing in wheat field at William Leonard Farm with buildings and grain stacks near Glasgow. Wibaux County – men, tractor, threshing equipment (owned by the Welsh Brothers), horse-drawn wagon and hay stack in field with snow near Wibaux (c. 1910).
4/5	Yellowstone County – man with tandem horse-team pulling binder; tractor, threshing belt, water wagon and farm building (1916); Henry Gilbert Wright with steam tractor and Red River Special stationary threshing equipment; woman and dog standing in front of tractor; man with horse team, cultivator and wagon; men, horse-teams, tractor, threshing equipment, wagons and grain stacks near Laurel (1908); Harold Downer standing in field with hail damaged wheat crop (1963); group of men standing in corn field on W.B. George Ranch near Billings; man standing near buildings holding large stock of corn grown in Huntley (1915).
4/6	Unknown Location – man standing in wheat field on Wayman Ranch; field with harvested and fallow rows (January 1910); man standing in field with large shock of corn; two men and boy with tractor and combine (1927); men, tractor and threshing equipment; wheat field; man standing in harvested field with grain shocks (c. 1925).
4/7	Unknown Location – harvested field and grain shocks with men, equipment and large haystack (c. 1919); man standing in grain field; men with horse-drawn plows; men standing in oat field (July 1910); harvested field and grain stacks with house and outbuildings; men with tractor and binders working in field; exhibit of Montana’s Land Utilization Program illustrating wheat yields and forage cover (taken by Live Stock Photo Company of Chicago); dry land farming promotional card showing horse-drawn plowing, steam tractor threshing, man standing in a wheat field, and shocks of grain; Christmas card “from Dear Old Montana” with men and harvested wheat field.
	Subseries 3: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Pigs, horses, chickens, turkeys, goats, and cattle.
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4/8	Blaine County – roundup crew on horseback on Fort Belknap Reservation. Broadwater County – Ed Kazeden, Joe Thielen, Frank Muray, Joe Parker, Sam Klinck, Arthur Lowden, and dog standing in corral with horses and mules on Peter Meloy Ranch near Townsend (c. 1908). Dawson County – man with dressed pig carcasses hanging at Buller Brothers (Bloomfield) (1912). Fergus County – John E. Stevens of Mountain View Ranch and unidentified man standing in street of Coffee Creek with horse and foal (1913). Hill County – flock of turkeys in harvested oat field (Bear Paws) (c. 1910). Lake County – men, women (including Mrs. Pablo) and child in corral branding cattle on Pablo Ranch.
4/9	Lewis and Clark County – Hugh Kirkendall horses being shown by employees at Helena Fair Grounds barn (1891); Ed Ragen’s horse Single Footer standing in front of Beaches Stable in Helena (1910); man with horse (Lady Don) and foal in front of barn on Kleinschmidt Ranch near Helena (1890); men branding cattle in corral on Nett Ranch (Augusta).
4/10	McCone County – man and boys in corral with horse herd on E. B. Jones Ranch (Cow Creek) (1915). Stillwater County – men on horseback in corral working cattle on McKay Ranch with barn, outbuildings, automobile and equipment near Roscoe (taken by F. W. Byerly). Toole County – cattle in Sweet Grass Hills on Diamond Willow Ranch owned by Jack Toole (1960). Valley County – man and woman standing with cow and calf in corral near Glasgow. Yellowstone County – man and saddled horse in corral surrounded by chickens and goats (one goat is standing on the horse).
4/11	Unknown Location – cattle in field with road and barbed wire fence in foreground; man sitting on stool in corral milking a cow; two dairy cows standing in field; dairy cow near building; sow and piglets eating corn in fenced area with buildings, silo and wagon in background; men and women standing with dairy cows and farm buildings.
	Subseries 4: ORCHARDS Apple, crab apple and pear trees in various stages including saplings, mature trees, in blossom, and with fruit. Orchard workers planting, pruning, spraying and inspecting orchards are shown.
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4/12	Cascade County – cottonwood trees and apple trees in center of grove on Mann Place near Great Falls. Lincoln County – pear trees with fruit. Missoula County – apple exhibit under tent at Western Montana Apple Show (taken by R.H. McKay) (c. 1910).
4/13	Ravalli County (Bitterroot Valley) – field with orchard; women eating apples standing in front of trees; men standing with fruit trees; orchard of young trees; orchard with leafed trees and rocks in rows; orchard with blooming trees; man, boy and women sitting in front of heavily blossoming apple trees; children in bonnets sitting in a pile of apples in front of orchard; orchard with heavily blossoming apple trees; men in field planting apple trees; orchard at University Heights Community near Darby with cow and lumber in foreground.
5/1	Ravalli County (Bitterroot Valley) – orchard of heavily blossoming crab apple trees; man standing with blossoming McIntosh apple trees at Amos Buck Orchard (Stevensville); field with apple tree saplings at Sunnyside Orchard; men pruning apple trees in winter; display of apple tree saplings; man on ladder in orchard pruning apple trees with boys standing nearby; trees with apples; man and boys standing with apple tree branch lying on the ground.
5/2	Sanders County – orchard with trees, stumps, house, outbuildings, and forest. Sweetgrass County – man and children standing with apple trees on John Forster Orchard near Grey Cliff.
	Subseries 5: STRUCTURES Houses, cabins, shacks, outbuildings, barns, windmills, corrals and other structures on Montana ranches, farms and homesteads.
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5/3	Beaverhead County – house in snow on Poindexter and Orr Ranch near Dillon; Terry Hanson and Brent Bean standing in front of Lillian Culver Homestead cabin on Widow’s Pond (Centennial Valley, Red Rock Lake) (taken by George Grant) (1952); men at Ryan Canyon Ranch barn with outbuildings and Beaverhead Rock; overview of Joseph Browne Ranch home and outbuildings (at one time the Darling post office) along the Big Hole River with Browne’s bridge in the distance (near Melrose) (taken by O.C. Bundy) (c. 1870s). Big Horn County – men, horses and buggy by log house on Ben Cook Ranch (1898); shack and grind wheel on Frank Eden homestead near Hardin (1907); men, woman and child with house, outbuildings, windmill, horse and wagon on Daney Milk Ranch owned by Fred Leetener (?) (Fort Custer) (taken by Goff); interior of living room at Phil Spencer Ranch (Rotten Grass).
5/4	Blaine County – man on horseback, dogs and farm house in winter (Bear Paw Mountains) (c. 1910); Thera Phalen, John Phalen and others with ranch house, barn and outbuildings on Phalen Ranch (Bear Paw Mountains); house, barn, outbuildings and corral on Smith C. Henderson Ranch (Bear Paw Mountains). Broadwater County – family on porch of Canyon Ferry Farm house with windmill, horse and bull; ducks on pond with Cook Ranch house and outbuildings in background near Townsend. Carbon County – house and outbuildings on Fairview Ranch with cars, horses and hunting party in corral.
5/5	Cascade County – two-story farm house and garden surrounded by fence (1901); group of people and dogs in front of Bickett and Kennett Ranch log house and ranch buildings with mountains in distance (1903); house, outbuildings and wagon on J.J. Patterson Ranch (Deep Creek) (1891); views taken on Henry H. Nelson Riverdale Stock Farm near Cascade including house, barn, outbuildings, windmill, horses, wagon and flock of sheep in corral (c. 1892); ranch house parlor with piano, sitting room and child’s bed room with crib.
5/6	Chouteau County – men on horseback and group sitting in front of homestead house near Fort Benton; parlor with piano and stove at Big Sag Ranch owned by Charles Lepley (1894); men in front of log bunk house at T.U. Ranch owned by McNamara and Marlow (c. 1910); house and outbuildings on Milner Ranch near Shonkin Station (taken by W. J. Nankeman) (1955). Custer County – family sitting on boards in front of tents with trotter cart in foreground near Miles City; house, barn, outbuildings and post office on Dragseth Ranch near Ismay; house and outbuildings at Billy Hill Road Ranch (Pine Hills area) (taken by C. A. Wiley) (c. 1891); man and boy at log house on Jim Whitback Homestead (Pumpkin Creek) (1938).
5/7	Daniels County – men, horses and dog at house on Lee French Homestead near Flaxville with outbuilding under construction (c. 1910). Dawson County – man, women, and boy standing in front of sod homestead with outbuildings and well; men on porch of X Ranch house near Glendive with outbuildings and wagon; group of men, women, children, and dog in front of log house on Nick Buttleman Ranch near Terry; log building on White Ranch with sign near building reading “The Beehive Clothing” (taken by L.A. Foster Photo Company). Fallon County – man on horseback and man in chair at tar paper building on August Berg and Sabine Berg homestead near Willard. Fergus County – Fergus County Agricultural Experiment Station houses, barn, flag pole, and outbuildings (Judith Basin Substation) (c. 1920). Flathead County – John Gordon log cabin and outbuildings in winter (Big Fork River) (c. 1911); group in horse-drawn sled at Freeman Hedge log home near Columbia Falls with outbuildings and windmill.
5/8	Gallatin County – log cabin and outbuildings near Bozeman (1944). Glacier County – two horse-drawn wagons in front of Henkel Ranch log house and stage/rest station with people traveling to Many Glacier. Hill County – women and children in horse-drawn carriage in front of tar paper building near Havre (1912); sod house near Havre (taken by Al Lucke) (1954); August Decelles, Bob Ringling and John Ringling sitting in front of log cabin at Decelles Homestead (c. 1895). Jefferson County – Tom Winslow and family at Winslow Ranch house, barn and outbuildings near Clancy with horses and wagon in foreground (1886). Judith Basin County – house, outbuildings and herd of sheep on Sage Creek Ranch near Utica. Lake County – buildings on Pablo Ranch with field and surrounding area; Charles W. Slack house and outbuilding (Flathead Lake); Mrs. Goettsche standing in field with buildings in background near D’Aste (taken by Paul W. Kieser) (1913).
5/9	Lewis and Clark County – views of W.C. Child Ranch (East Helena) including groups on porch of stone house (c. 1890, 1891); Pearl Davanport, Alice Langhorn, Helen Langhorn, Huntley Pruett, Bob Fish, Charles Silverman, Mrs. Hudnell, Inez Hudnell, Madge Piatt and others on porch of stone house (1893); group attending Sunday School picnic playing baseball in front of stone house with W. C. Child at bat (1891); Professors Vollert and Romanyania standing in front of stone house (1890); barn (taken by J.L. Ming) (1890); and stone building, bell on post, wagons and J.L. Ming’s horse team (1891); architectural drawing of Green Meadow Farm house and outbuildings by Robert Reamer (Helena Valley) (taken by S.J. Culbertson) (1914); house, outbuildings and chickens on Pat Hall Ranch (Helena) (1897).
5/10	Lewis and Clark County – views of Kleinschmidt Ranch in the Helena Valley (1890) including Theo Kleinschmidt, Walter Sanford, Mr. Langley and others in front of log building with dog and bicycles and Arthur Kleinschmidt, Jess Ricker, Will Cannon with guns, dog and dead waterfowl in front of log building; house, outbuildings and road at Sieben Ranch (formerly Malcom Clarke Ranch and a stage station) (Wolf Creek Canyon); pasture with Sieben Ranch buildings and hillside in background (taken by R. H. Mattison) (1954); views taken at the Willard Ranch (Augusta) including John Willard standing in front of house (c. 1935); house and cattle grazing nearby; John Willard, Jr. in bedroom (c. 1935); men, boy and dog atin root cellar; and John Willard standing in front of original log house (1950).
5/11	Liberty County – views taken in Joplin area including group of people, automobiles, and horse-drawn carriage in front of house (1915); interior of one-room homestead shack with stove, table and chair (c. 1913); family, including man with violin and man with accordion, and dog in front of Eggen homestead (1913); and Laura LaValley and Oscar Larson wedding party on porch of LaValley house (1914).
5/12	Madison County – views of Brook and Brook-Nook Ranch near Twin Bridges including log and sod bunkhouse and outbuilding; ranch house; barn, outbuildings and corral with horses (Home Park) (1909); and Charles Larrabee, Mary Larrabee, Tuey (Chinese cook), Annie Akers (African-American nurse), Mrs. Charles Larrabee, and others on porch in front of ranch house (1904); views of McGovern Ranch (Alder Gulch) including house, outbuildings and field; Jessie McGovern, Mary McGovern, Phillip McGovern, Hannah McGovern, Patrick McGovern, Emma McGovern, Walter McGovern, Ed McGovern and Charles McGovern on porch of ranch house; and Mary Whalen McGovern and two others sitting on porch; man standing on roof of three-story round barn (1912) and round barn and corral on George Selway Ranch near Twin Bridgers (1916).
6/1	McCone County – views taken on E.B. Jones Ranch (Crow Creek) including woman feeding chickens in front of log buildings and men and women standing with tents, lean-to, outbuilding and wash on the line (caption “The Jones Hotel and Locating Office”) (1910). Musselshell County – barn, corral, and cattle on Galloway Ranch near Bercail. Pondera County – three men holding tools standing in front of homestead shack near Valier; dog sitting in snow at shack on John Paulley Homestead near Valier (1909); house and outbuildings on Charles P. Thomas Ranch with town of Robare in distance (1891); Charles Thomas, Mrs. Thomas, Earth Woman (Mandan Indian and mother of Joe Kipp), dog and two wagons in front of ranch house.
6/2	Prairie County – large barn and cattle in corral (Terry-Fallon area); house, outbuildings, men, horses, sheep and haystack on Bickle Ranch near Ismay; Les G. Fluss holding rifle and standing in front of log house near Ismay; house and outbuildings on Kempton Ranch; views of A.C. Gifford Ranch near Fallon including two men and woman in front of house and windmill; A.C. Gifford, Mrs. Gifford, Nick Buttleman, Mrs. Hogan, baby in pram, and dog in front of ranch house; man and horse-drawn carriage in front of house; house and outbuildings with men, horses and cattle; Mrs. Gifford, Rob Gifford, Roy Gifford, Miss P. Summer sitting in parlor of ranch house with guitar and organ; and Mrs. Gifford, Rob Gifford, Roy Gifford, Miss P. Summer in front of house (1898); Dr. Mary Pillman, Ruth Curry, Sam Irvin, horse and dog at Pillman homestead shack.
6/3	Ravalli County – women and children with farm house, outbuildings, and orchard near Hamilton with Marcus Daly breeding barns in background; cyanotype of house and field on A.P. Blake Farm near Victor (1899); men, women and horse in front of house on C.H. McLeod Ranch near Victor and the ranch house and outbuildings; men on porch of cabin on Oliver Maxson Salisbury Homestead with flag flying from roof, chickens and wheelbarrow near building; Oliver Maxson Salisbury and his sons sitting inside cabin with wood stove and firewood (c. 1908). Richland County – farm house, outbuildings and field near Sidney; views taken on Sarah Moffett Mabon Homestead (1915) including woman standing in doorway of homestead house in winter; horses at sod and lumber stable in winter; and living room interior with table, rocking chair and wood stove. Roosevelt County – H.C. Bjorge Farm house, barn, outbuildings and cows (1925). Rosebud County – house, outbuildings, equipment and automobile on I.F. Anderson Farm near Vandana.
6/4	Sanders County – view from hill of farm buildings in distance and railroad tracks in foreground; log cabin (“one of the 1st cabins in Sanders Co.”). Sheridan County – W. C. Saxton at Harry Savey Homestead sod house (abandoned) (1972).
6/5	Stillwater County – John “Spider” Dobler and Edgar “Happy Jack” Stauffer at homestead shack with wash tub and line; views of Dudley White Ranch near Limestone including overview of house, outbuildings and road and horse-drawn wagon and ranch buildings in snow with Beartooth Mountains in background.
6/6	Sweetgrass County – farm house and outbuildings near Big Timber; men sitting on porch at Bill Donald Ranch house (1913); Lesta Lowery in automobile in front of tar paper homestead shack near Big Timber (c. 1914); views of the George Moore Ranch (Sweetgrass and Park counties) including Ben Miles and others in horse-drawn sled with hay barn and outbuildings; Olive Caldwell, Lesta Lowery, Sam P. Solberg, Elsie Lowery, and Art Raymona standing by automobile (c. 1913); ranch house with Myrle Moore, Hazel Moore, Alva Lee, Chris Solberg, Sam Solberg, and dog in foreground (c. 1910); road leading to ranch house, outbuildings and corral (c. 1910); and woman in fenced yard with flowers and trees; Erick Solberg, Sam Solberg, Edwin Solberg, Clarence Solberg, Inga Solberg, Sam Solberg, Jr. and Mrs. Sam Solberg in front of log house (near Melville) (c. 1890); family sitting on fence in front of Van Cleve Ranch house and outbuildings at Porcupine Butte near Big Timber (1890). Toole County – house, barn, outbuildings and surrounding area on Diamond Willow Ranch owned by Jack Toole (1960).
6/7	Valley County – women, men, horses and wagons in front of log and sod-roof house on Enright Ranch near Glasgow; woman on horse-drawn sled carrying a pram with man and woman standing nearby (“Edds visiting Hagbergs”) near Baylor (c. 1917) ; J. J. Hogan Farm house, outbuildings, windmill, and dairy cows near Glasgow; John Long and dogs standing in front of lumber and sod house near Baylor; cattle in front of Henry H. Nelson Ranch house near Vandalia. Wibaux County – woman, dog, chickens and chicks in front of farm equipment made by Van Brunt near Wibaux (c. 1910); men sitting in front of sod house on Philip Wicka Homestead (St. Philip); Gus Grisy, Mrs. Grisy, four men and horse in front of log house on Fleur de Lis Ranch near Wibaux. Yellowstone County – men in horse-drawn wagon (horses wearing fly nets) in front of two buildings.
6/8	Unknown Location – living room with fireplace and wicker furniture on Kinney Ranch; cyanotype of prairie with ranch buildings in the distance; man, woman and young girl standing in front of lumber and sod-roof house (Eastern Montana); man, woman and children in front of tent and lean-to with swing set in foreground; men and dog in front of stone and sod shack with root cellar door on side, haystack and wagon; children in horse-drawn cart in front of house; girls holding cats sitting on a box in front of log building; women, men, horses and wagon in front of log house and outbuildings; woman, men and child sitting on fence in front of log house, root cellar and outbuildings; house, outbuildings and windmill inside fenced area on Shaw Sheep Ranch on Big Muddy (Northeastern Montana); house and outbuildings on Charles Thurston Ranch.
	Subseries 6: Miscellany Miscellaneous photographs related to agriculture filed by county.
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6/9	Cascade County – men and women in automobiles parked on road near Sun River displaying banners reading “We are from Greenfield bench and we are DRYLAND FARMERS; We DON’T WANT Irrigation” (taken by Clarence S. Bull). Flathead County – men and boy using saw powered by an automobile (Nonpartisan “Leaguers sawing wood on the farm of Dave Munter” who was “the first farmer in Flathead County to pay his subscriptions to the League”). Hill County – Ann Popish Warhank, Margaret Warhank, Carl Warhank, Barbara Warhank, Charlie Popish and others picnicking in grove of trees on Beaver Creek (c. 1913). Lewis and Clark County – views taken on the Willard Ranch (Augusta) including men on horse-drawn sled (c. 1935) and men on pond cutting and loading ice onto horse-drawn wagon. McCone County – children on horseback on E.B. Jones Ranch with large crowd of people in pasture.
6/10	Pondera County – Fred Schwartz in oxen-drawn cart on street of Valier with caption “A Homesteader’s Auto” (1910) . Prairie County – large group of men and women picnicking in grove of trees on Gifford Ranch near Fallon (1898). Valley County – Arthur Carlson, Eugene Carlson and Ray Lancaster lying on ground in front of wagon loaded with trunks and supplies and with blanketed horse (“moving to homestead at Baylor”); women, child and horse standing in pasture with trunks, wood stove and lumber (“after cyclone at Axel Carlson’s”) (Baylor) (August 1913); county surveying crew with equipment and horse-drawn wagon (Baylor) (1912); men with loaded horse-drawn wagons (“hauling to and from Glasgow”) on street lined with buildings. Yellowstone County – man standing on horse-drawn wagon in river loaded with water barrels; men in pasture using saw powered by an automobile; man driving wagon pulled by two draft horses.

Series III: COLLECTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PHOTOGRAPHSReturn to Top

These photographs were kept together because they were taken on a selected ranch or orchard, taken by a specific photographer, or received from a particular donor.

Container(s)	Description
	Subseries 1: BIG COULEE RANCH Big Coulee Ranch was located near Straw in Fergus County. The photographs were taken c. 1934.
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6/11	Big Coulee Ranch – pond, earth dam, fence and pasture; corral, trough, pasture and hills; plowed field and pasture; corral in pasture with sheepherder’s wagon; pond, pasture and mountains.
6/12	Big Coulee Ranch – lean-to and fence in pasture; house with porch, chimney and mounted antelope head on roof; pasture with ranch buildings in distance; large barn and outbuildings.
	Subseries 2: C BAR D RANCH C Bar D Ranch was located in Big Hole Basin in Beaverhead County. President was Frank A. Hazelbaker of Dillon.
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6/13	C Bar D Ranch – men, horse teams, wagons and equipment harvesting and stacking hay; men, woman and boys in aprons, horses and equipment in front of corral and barn with C – D painted on the roof; bison and elk grazing on ranch game preserve.
	Subseries 3: CALL SHEEP RANCH Call Sheep Ranch was located near Ennis in Madison County and was owned by Thomas J. Call. The photographs were taken c. 1934.
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7/1	Call Sheep Ranch – ranch house and outbuildings in winter with mountains in background; tent and tepee shearing camp; truck loaded with bags of wool near automobile, corral, and outbuildings; men and horse-drawn wagon (“New Stoughton Wagon, Joliet, Montana”); horse-drawn wagon and driver in pasture with tarp covering wagon load; Louise Call (“Weezie”) on horseback (Nig).
	Subseries 4: CASCADE COUNTY LAND TRACTS These land tracts were cleared for agricultural purposes. The photographs were taken by Harley.
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7/2	Cascade County Land Tracts – views on O’Grady Tract including men, dog and gasoline engine pumping water; trees, hills and pasture; Charles W. Goodale, Hultrey, McGuiness, O’Grady and Armington outside a log cabin on O’Grady Tract and standing with horses near a large tree; man standing in field and the Missouri River, trees and hills on McGuiness Tract; trees, hills and shrubs on Wood Tract; four men (Glagel, Shorty Sanders, Vineyard, Tracy) with wagon and Missouri River, hills and trees on Tracy Tract; fence, hills and trees on Larry Tract; cattle standing in pasture at Hawley Basin; chickens in pasture.
	Subseries 5: CHARLOS HEIGHTS Charlos Heights was an agricultural community located in the Bitterroot Valley in Ravalli County. The photographs were taken from 1907-1921 (and undated) and show land being cleared for trees, orchards in bloom and with fruit, garden crops, surrounding mountains and water bodies, and the community clubhouse.
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7/2	Charlos Heights 3 x 5 Photo Series – men with small blooming fruit tree (1921); W. C. Walker sitting in rocker on porch holding tobacco plant and standing in garden; G. H. Wells standing in field of Sudan grass; man and girls in field of strawberry plants (1921); man with tomato plants; farm buildings and fields; fruit trees and building on Stoltz Place (1921); field and buildings on G. Howell Ranch; fruit trees and house on Bartell (?) Place (1921); field, horse-drawn wagon and farm buildings on Bagley Place (1921); blooming fruit trees on France (?) Place (1921); high water on the Bitterroot River.
7/4	Charlos Heights Looking East – fields, trees, mountains on MacRae Ranch; Bitterrroot Valley Irrigation Canal.
7/5	Charlos Heights Looking West (circa 1907) – men planting apple trees; field cleared for apple trees; Como Peaks and Lost Horse Canyon and Camas Creek; men on horseback in field cleared for orchard.
7/6	Charlos Heights Clubhouse Views (c. 1910) – view of valley, buildings and mountains from clubhouse site; views looking toward Charlos Heights Clubhouse with fields, roads, trees, Bitterroot Mountains (including El Capitan, Ward Mountain, Goat Mountain), Lost Creek Canyon, Roaring Lion Canyon, Sawtooth Canyon, Camas Creek and the Bitterroot River; clubhouse on hillside with river in foreground (taken by C. P. Winther).
7/7	Charlos Heights Clubhouse – views of clubhouse building, construction materials, automobile, railroad track and surrounding area; interior of clubhouse showing sitting room and view to porch; groups of men, women and children on porch of clubhouse (one labled “a happy family at the Charlos Inn just returned from the apple orchard” with each person holding an apple).
7/8	Charlos Heights Cut Over Land – men and cut trees with views of Lost Horse Canyon, Blodgett Canyon and Camas Creek. Planting – George Ward, Sid Ward and others working in strawberry field. Orchards – fruit trees; men with horse-drawn wagon spraying fruit trees; fruit trees in snow.
7/9	Charlos Heights Farms – buildings, fences, orchards; man and horse-drawn wagon hauling logs. O.W. Kerr Company – land holdings; Kerr development camp tents; Kerr men, horses and buildings.
7/10	Charlos Heights Ditches and Dam – Lake Como Ditch; O.W. Kerr Company intake and storm gate on Ward irrigation ditch on Lost Horse Creek; Twin Lakes dam.
7/11	Charlos Heights River, Lake and Creek – Bitterroot River; pack horses on Twin Lakes Trail; Upper Twin Lake; forest at Twin Lakes; Lost Horse Creek.
7/12	Charlos Heights Miscellany – views in Lost Horse Canyon including pack horses, forest, mountains and house and outbuildings in winter; men with tree growing out of large rock in Bitterroot Valley; men and horses in forest.
	Subseries 6: FLAX PRODUCTION IN EASTERN MONTANA Views of planting, harvesting, treating, and processing flax crops in Phillips, Hill, Pondera and Dawson counties. A series of numbered photographs (1918 and undated) was received from the Philadelphia Commercial Museum and additional photographs were donated by the Minnesota Historical Society from its Nonpartisan League Collection (1912). The photographs numbered by the Philadelphia Commercial Museum were organized according to this numerical sequence.
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7/13	Flax Production from Philadelphia Commercial Museum – men working in field with Caterpillar tractor drawing ten disc plows and harrow seeding flax on Phillips Ranch (Malta); men in field with tractor pulling bottoms, disc and harrow breaking sod (Kremlin); Reeves steam tractor and plow breaking sod in field; men, horse-drawn wagon and equipment in field “breaking, picking, drilling and harrowing flax in one operation”; hat in plowed furrow in flax field; men, dog, automobile and tractor pulling breaking plow and packer; man and horse-drawn harrow in field with tractor, plow and disc in background; carrying case in field prepared for flax seeding; bucket, spray tank, wooden barrel, and bottle of poison.
8/1	Flax Production from Philadelphia Commercial Museum – men watching M.L. Wilson and Herbert Boneright demonstrating treatment of flax seed for wilt (May 1912); man in field with stunted and diseased flax plants; men with horse-drawn VanBrunt drill box in plowed field; shovel in furrow of plowed field; man and horse-drawn planker working in field; man standing in field with flax and row alfalfa; men and automobile in flax field infested with mustard weed.
8/2	Flax Production from Philadelphia Commercial Museum – fields of flax and seed flax in bloom; men, mule-drawn McCormick binder and horse-drawn headers cutting flax; men and horse-drawn wagons in field hauling bundles of flax; men, horses, wagons and equipment threshing and sacking flax; men filling and labeling sacks of flax seed with T. G. Mandt wagon in background.
8/3	Flax Production from Philadelphia Commercial Museum – county agent with notebook standing in flax field; views of flax fiber mill (Conrad) (1918) including building and loading dock, retting tanks, threshing and rebinding machine, break machines for making fiber, and man standing with bales of flax straw; men, automobile and tractor pulling wagons loaded with bags of flax seed going to Glendive (taken by L.A. Foster Photo Company); flax straw in bales and large stacks in field; men standing in field of blooming flax with building in background; field with flax spread on ground for retting.
8/4	Flax Production from Minnesota Historical Society – H.L. Bolley “talking flax” from railway car (with banners reading “Northern Pacific Railway Horticulture Institute Special Train”) to group gathered at tracks with grain elevators in background and horse and automobile in foreground; partly harvested flax field, shocks of flax with structure in background (1912), and flax field in bloom (taken by H.L. Bolley).
	Subseries 7: GEORGE JACOBSON PHOTOGRAPHER George Jacobson homesteaded in Blaine County and took these photographs from 1913-1916 of homesteads and homesteaders in Blaine and Hill counties and of the Havre Stampede and Parade. Some photos were numbered by Jacobson and were organized according to his numbered sequence.
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8/5	Jacobson Photographer – men and horse/mule-drawn wagons loaded with lumber, materials for Jacobson’s homestead shack, “leaving Chinook Mont for Canadian border” (1913); stack of lumber and wood stove in field with sheep in background (1913); Murdo Erkhart, sheep herder, and Willard King inside sheepherder’s wagon (1913); Charlie Kenny seated on horse-drawn equipment with Jacobson’s house in background May 1914); dog in pasture with house and haystack in background (1915); Marjorie Peelman Jacobson with apron and broom standing in doorway of house (1916); Sioux Indians on horseback and horse-drawn covered wagon on street during September 1913 Havre Stampede and Parade.
8/6	Jacobson Photographer – man watching parade with flag-decorated Havre buildings and street in background; Sioux Indians on horseback in parade; spectators watching covered wagon race and bucking horse, bull riding, and trick riding events in arena; man in parade carrying banner reading “Boost for Havre Carpenter Union”; Havre buildings including McKinley Grade School and Havre High School (1913); Charlie Kenny, Willard King, Alma Dahl Croft, Nellie Caldwell, Mabel Richmond and Red Croft in front of log building near Zurich (1914); George Jacobson, the Schlee boys and Bill Wild with rifles in front of tar paper building (1914); Willard King, Orville Chambers and George Jacobson inside King’s cabin with wood stove, tea kettle, frying pan, rifle and wash basin (1915).
8/7	Jacobson Photographer – Mrs. Dan Bailey and children in doorway of house (1915); George and Marjorie Jacobson, Willard King, the Schlee boys, and another man on skis (1916); George and Marjorie Jacobson sewing, reading and cooking in their homestead; Harrison Bailey and his wife with Jacobson’s inside their homestead (1916); Herbert and Annis King standing outside Willard King’s sod homestead; Annis King and Marjorie Jacobson sitting in horse-drawn wagon with Herbert King standing nearby.
	Subseries 8: N BAR RANCH The N Bar Ranch located in Fergus County. It was owned by Thomas Cruse from 1888 until 1913. Most of the photographs were taken by John A. White (circa 1896-1898). Some of White’s photos are numbered and these views are organized according to his numbered sequence. Five photographs in this subseries were taken around 1910 and are not identified by photographer. These photos were transferred from the Thomas Cruise Papers, MC 36 in Archives. The last photo in the subseries was taken on the ranch in the 1950s.
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8/8	N Bar Ranch taken by White (circa 1896-1898) – Stone (?), John Freeser and Thomas Cruse, owner of N Bar, in grove of trees with horse and clothes on line; men, mess wagon and tent at camp on Sand Creek; Harry Friebel on horseback and men loading supplies on mess wagon (Junction); mess wagon and horse wranglers at Bow Gun Camp; kittens playing on mess wagon seat; winter view of men and loaded bed wagon near building at Flat Willow crossing; man on horseback with herd of cattle (Porcupine Creek); Tom Galloway and group of men sitting on logs near mess wagon at the Musselshell River; cowboys and horse-drawn mess and bed wagons; Percy Robinson and Oscar Daugherty on horseback; Mike Dodge swimming in Musselshell River near group of men standing in grove of trees; “High Pockets” (cowboy) on horseback near tent.
8/9	N Bar Ranch taken by White (circa 1896-1898) – “Bollinger” (cowboy) on horseback; John A. White wearing apron and derby standing in doorway of log sod cabin (Sand Springs); Dan Gibb, Sam and another man standing in front of a Billings cigar store “before leaving for Coast” (c. 1906); Dick Dean and Subbock (wranglers) on horseback; John White’s horse named “Nigger”; “Debs” holding bridle and standing with horse; John White and Guschewsky setting up camp for spring roundup with bed and mess wagons and tents; men branding a horse lying on the ground; men loading bedrolls on bed wagon; “Cold Biscuit Joe” and others at mess tent; mess and bed wagon during spring roundup.
8/10	N Bar Ranch taken by White (circa 1896-1898). – Oscar Daugherty, Guschewsky and horse wrangler with loaded bed wagon breaking camp; herd of saddle horses on bank of Musselshell River; N Bar men taking a break around camp fire; a Siwash (Indian man) and wrangler sitting on ground eating; John White’s saddled horse near a tree; men “making a deal” standing together near a tent; women seated in a buckboard; men on horseback “changing horses” in pasture; herd of cattle in pasture and crossing the Musselshell River during spring roundup; “Bauch” and another man with tent; man on horse-drawn covered wagon.
8/11	N Bar Ranch taken by White (circa 1896-1898) – herd of saddle horses watering at the Musselshell River; men roping cattle; men, tent and herd of horses in rope corral; man on horseback in front of log building; Sallinger’s eight-horse team pulling wagons; horse-drawn mess and bed wagons enroute; men standing at mess wagon; group of men on horseback in grove of trees including “Burl on a burro”; John A. White’s horse “Dixie” standing in pasture.
8/12	N Bar Ranch photographs transferred from Thomas Cruise Papers (circa 1910) – view of the ranch buildings, stacks of lumber, and corrals with wooded hills in background; ranch buildings in snow; over view of ranch buildings with equipment, horses, creek, and corrals; men, women, children, pigs, a herd of horses, wagons and equipment in front of the ranch buildings. Miscellany – team of horses and overshot stacker lifting hay onto large stack (taken by Ralph Morgan) (1950s).
	Subseries 9: TAX HOMESTEAD AND FARM The Tax Homestead/Farm was owned by the Carl Tax family and was located near Scobey in Daniels County and west of Medicine Lake in Sheridan County. Photos are dated 1913-1919.
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9/1	Tax Homestead and Farm – family standing in front of building; men near cook’s car on wheels used during harvest; views of threshing with women, men, automobiles, tractors, and threshing equipment; men with tractor for breaking sod; men using carrier to move grain bundles to separator; men with tractor pulling wagons (one loaded with gas drums) and drill; men with picks digging coal from hillside; Model A automobile and building near Dagmar.
	Subseries 10: WESTMONT ORCHARDS Westmont Orchards was located near Darby in Ravalli County and was owned by P.C. West. These photographs (some in numbered sequence) were received from the University of Saskatchewan Archives.
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9/2	Westmont Orchards – orchard of Macintosh apple trees; P.C. West’s three-story house, outbuildings and silo; fence and orchard of blooming Macintosh apple trees; building, corral, road and power line; orchard of blooming Macintosh apple trees with mountains in background; house, barn, and outbuildings; pond with trees, buildings and mountains; two men standing on porch of house.
9/3	Westmont Orchards – cows standing in orchard; fence, barnyard, Macintosh apple orchard and mountains; man standing inside building with barrels, ladder and equipment (possibly a cider plant); pigs in pasture; two men (one with rake) near orchard with buildings and mountains in background.
	Subseries 11: XIT Ranch The Texas XIT Ranch owned property in Montana located between the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers. The Montana property was also known as the Hatchet Ranch. Photographs are dated 1893-1909.
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9/4	XIT Ranch – John Williams, Emmett Glidewell, Al Denby, Si Robinson, Louis Weisner, Bob Fudge, Bud Bird, Charles Clement with rifles standing in front of a log bunkhouse with “XIT” above the door(1904); Emmett Glidewell, A.L. Denby, Louis Weisner, Bob Fudge, Bud Bird and others standing in front of log building at Hatchet Ranch wearing winter coats and hats; Si Robinson, Louis Weisner, Dee Louis, Bob Fudge, Bud Bird, Silver Lewis, Goldie Lewis, Hiram Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Lewis and others standing in front of log buildings (description reads “The morning after a dance at old Hatchet Ranch”) (taken by John L. Breum) (c. 1900); men on horseback near wagon, wagon boss Guy Whitbeck, tents and buildings at camp near Coal Creek (1893); Leo Cato, John K. Marsh, Ed Weisner, Bud Bird, Bill Quigley and others on horseback; Oscar Schuler, Burt Griffith, Sam Eaker, George King, John Blacker, Henry Muldrow, Henry Ross, Henry Lyman, John Carles, Al Denby, Charley Ross, Ed Aibsleger and Nils Kildahl on horseback with mess and bed wagons on Bad Route Creek (1894).

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

Agriculture
Crops
Farms
Gardens
Livestock
Orchards
Ranches

Geographical Names

Montana

Form or Genre Terms

Photographs

Archives West Finding Aid

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