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Carling I. Malouf papers, 1891-2006

Overview of the Collection

Creator
Malouf, Carling I., 1916-2007
Title
Carling I. Malouf papers
Dates
1891-2006 (inclusive)
Quantity
44.8 linear feet
Collection Number
Mss 640
Summary
This collection contains correspondence, notes, photographs, audio material, and visual material related to Anthropology Professor Carling Malouf’s work and activities at the University of Montana in Missoula, as well as his research on Native American tribes of the Northwest and the Plains.
Repository
University of Montana, Mansfield Library, Archives and Special Collections
Archives and Special Collections
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library
University of Montana
32 Campus Dr. #9936
59812-9936
Missoula, MT
Telephone: 406-243-2053
library.archives@umontana.edu
Access Restrictions

Researchers must use collection in accordance with the policies of Archives and Special Collections, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, and The University of Montana--Missoula. Materials from a binder of correspondence are restricted for privacy reasons until 2017. Folder 1 of box 65 is restricted for privacy reasons. Materials pertaining to Native American burial sites are restricted. Half of the audio is restricted until further review. One film is restricted because it contains information about Native American burial sites.

Languages
English
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Biographical Note

Carling I. Malouf was born in Fillmore, Utah, in 1916. In 1940, he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in business and economics from the University of Utah. As an undergraduate, Malouf worked on an archaeological dig in central Utah, which compelled him to obtain a master’s degree in anthropology at the University of Utah. While working on his master’s, Malouf met his wife Arline, and the couple was married in 1941.

Wartime military service during WWII interrupted Malouf’s work on a doctorate in anthropology at Columbia University. During his service, the couple moved to various posts and stations in Utah, California, and Arizona. In 1946, Malouf was able to resume his doctoral studies at Columbia and he graduated 2 years later. Shortly after graduation in 1948, Malouf was offered a faculty position at The University of Montana in Missoula and he, Arline, and their four young children returned to the west.

While at the University of Montana, Carling Malouf played large role in the birth and development of the departments of Anthropology and Native American Studies, and was chair of the department of Anthropology from 1969-1977. Malouf was an avid researcher in the fields of Archaeology, Ethnology, and Native American Studies. His primary research interests included Native American tribes of Montana, the Plains, and the greater Northwest, comparative ethnology, and archaeological sites in Montana, including Fort Owen. Malouf’s involvement in anthropology and archaeology also extended outside of the University system. He was a supporter and a member of the board of directors of the Montana Archaeological Society, an organization devoted to promoting research and public involvement in archaeology in the state of Montana. Malouf contributed many articles to the Society’s publication, Archaeology in Montana, from the years 1959-2000.

Malouf was also involved in the development of the Head Start program. In 1960, he was a member of the Montana Child Welfare Committee, a group that made periodic reports to the White House regarding the state of education and youth in Montana. He became a consultant in Anthropology for Project Head Start for the Office of Economic Opportunity. In 1969, Malouf, along with 150 other education specialists, was invited to the White House to a conference for the development of the Head Start Program. Later, he and his wife toured reservations in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming to provide information and ideas to administrators for the new programs.

Malouf retired from the University of Montana in 1988 and was honored that same year at the Montana Archaeological Society’s Annual Conference. Following his retirement, Malouf continued to do research and publish articles. Carling Malouf died in March of 2007 at the age of 90.

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Content Description

The collection contains clippings, correspondence, notes, photographs, publications, slides, audio material, and visual material related to Carling Malouf’s work and activities in the University of Montana’s Anthropology Department, as well as Malouf’s research on Native American tribes of the Northwest and the Plains. Materials include papers related to the history of the University of Montana’s Department of Anthropology; the history of Kyi-Yo (spelled Kyiyo since 2015), the University of Montana’s Native American Student Association; and the Native American Studies Department at the University of Montana. The collection also contains materials related to the AIM/Wounded Knee incident and ensuing trial, research on Native American Education, materials related to Montana archaeology digs and sites, and photographs and notes related to the tribes of Montana. Also included are papers, correspondence, and notes related to Carling Malouf’s involvement in the development of the Head Start program, as well as correspondence, notes, newsletters, and publications related to the Montana Archaeological Society.

This collection has been divided into six series: Series I: University Materials (1954-2004), contains notes, departmental budget information, intradepartmental correspondence, clippings, and publications related to Carling Malouf’s role in the Department of Anthropology and the Department of Native American Studies at the University of Montana. Series II: Subject Files (1891-2006), contains materials related to Carling Maoulf’s research and interests in archaeology, anthropology, and the Native American tribes of Montana. The series contains notes, correspondence, clippings, and publications. The series also contains photographs and negatives, most of which were not taken by Malouf, but were collections he considered relevant to his research. Series III: Audio Materials, (ca. 1950-2005 and n.d.), contains reel-to-reel audio and audiocassettes, A portion of this series is recorded talks and lectures of Carling Malouf, and recordings of the songs and stories of Native American tribes of the Northwest. Another portion consists of copies of prerecorded materials related to the Native Americans in the southwest. Series IV: Slides, (1939-1975 and n.d.), consists of slides and a slide index. Some of these images were taken by Carling Malouf and are arranged by tribe name or by the name of a site of archaeological interest. Others are likely commercial slides used in the classroom. In 2012 all slides were removed from carousels and boxes and placed in sleeves. Series V: Moving Image Material, was added in 2012 because of a large addition of 8mm films to the collection. The series also includes DVDs and VHS cassettes. In 2025, the final accession was processed into the collection as series VI. Series VI: Accession 2015-014, (1941-1998), contains correspondence, student papers, and research files pertaining to Malouf's research and publications.

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Use of the Collection

Restrictions on Use

Researchers are responsible for using in accordance with 17 U.S.C. and any other applicable statutes. Non-exclusive copyright transferred to the University of Montana.

Preferred Citation

Carling I. Malouf Papers, Archives and Special Collections, Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, University of Montana-Missoula.

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Administrative Information

Arrangement

The collection is divided into six series:

Series I: University Materials, 1954-2004, 4.0 linear feet

Series II: Subject Files, 1891-2006, 30.75 linear feet

Series III: Audio Materials, circa 1950-2005, 1.5 linear feet

Series IV: Slides, 1939-1975, 5.0 linear feet

Series V: Moving Image Material, circa 1950-1970, 2.5 linear feet

Series VI: Accession 2015-014, 1941-1998, 1.0 linear feet

Custodial History

The majority of these materials were in the possession of Carling Malouf until his death and then were transferred directly to the Archives in the summer of 2007. A portion of the materials were donated by Malouf to the Archives between 2003 and 2006. Two binders of correspondence were loaned by Malouf to the UM Foundation and were transferred to the Archives following his death. Two binders were held by UM Professor of Anthropology G.G. Weix. One was donated in 2009 and one in 2010. An additional set of 8mm films was donated by Weix in 2012. In 2011, an additional 25 linear feet of materials were donated by Malouf's daugher, Sydney Hulla.

Processing Note

The bulk of this collection arrived at the Archives in 3-ring binders. Each binder was labeled with a title. The materials were transferred to folders to faciltate preservation and use, but the binder titles were retained.

Accessions 2011-083 and 2012-016 were integrated into the collection in 2012. When Malouf's original order was apparent, it was maintained. A portion of accession 2011-083 arrived at the Archives with no discernable original order. These items were organized and integrated into the collection as subject files to reflect Malouf's method of organization.

In 2020, the audio portion of the collection was reviewed and reorganized. Duplicates were removed, and a portion of the audio was restricted because it may contain culturally sensitive information about Native American ceremony, songs and dances.

In 2021, all 16mm motion picture film reels were cleaned, cored, and rehoused for preservation purposes. All 8mm motion picture film reels were cleaned, placed on new reels, and rehoused for preservation purposes. Commercial films were removed from the collection.

In 2024, materials relating to Native American burials and sacred sites were transferred to the University of Montana Antrhopological Collections Facility. Contact Archives and Special Collections for more details.

In 2025, accession 2015-014 was processed into the collectin as series VI. At the time of processing the photocopies of the Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology near Helena, Montana documents, which were part of an earlier accession, were replaced with the original documents found in accession 2015-014. Published materials and duplicates were not retained during processing. Series VI was arranged in chronological order.

In 2025 a thorough review of the collection was conducted to identify materials relating to Native American burial sites and other sensitive materials relating to Native Americans. This resulted in the restrictions of several folders.

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Detailed Description of the Collection

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Subject Terms

  • Anthropology--Study and teaching (Higher)--Montana--Missoula
  • Indian college students--Montana--Missoula--Societies, etc.
  • Indians of North America--Montana
  • Indians of North America--Study and teaching.
  • Kalispel Indians
  • Kootenai Indians
  • Salish Indians
  • Siksika Indians

Corporate Names

  • Head Start Program (U.S.)
  • Kyi-Yo Native American Student Association (University of Montana--Missoula)
  • Kyiyo Native American Student Association (University of Montana--Missoula)
  • University of Montana (Missoula, Mont.). Dept. of Anthropology.
  • University of Montana--Missoula--Faculty
  • University of Montana--Missoula--Students--Societies, etc.

Geographical Names

  • Demersville (Mont.)--Photographs
  • Fort Owen (Mont.)

Form or Genre Terms

  • Moving Images
  • Photographs
  • Sound Recordings

Occupations

  • Anthropologists--Montana--Missoula.
  • Anthropology teachers--Montana--Missoula.

Finding aid prepared by Amy Casamassa (2007), Hannah Soukup (2020), and Micaela Connolly (2025)
2007

CC Attribution
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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