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Thomas R. Wessel Indian Claims Commission Research Papers, 1855-1979

Overview of the Collection

Creator
Wessel, Thomas R.
Title
Thomas R. Wessel Indian Claims Commission Research Papers
Dates
1855-1979
Quantity
13.6 linear feet
Collection Number
Collection 2059, MtBC, us (collection)
Summary
The Thomas R. Wessel Indian Claims Commission Research Papers consists of documents collected for the "Historical Report on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation in Montana" prepared by Thomas R. Wessel. These documents are photocopies of annual reports, agency reports by supervisors and special inspectors and reservation agents dealing with the administration of the Blackfeet Tribes and their reservation. Also included is correspondence from residents and other interested parties and inspection reports on agricultural programs, schools, irrigation and cattle, copies of the ledger pages recording the Blackfeet Tribe disbursements of funds under treaties, acts and agreements of 1883, 1896, 1907, 1930, commissioned reports, photocopies of testimony, exhibits, briefs, finding of facts and other legal papers before the Indian Claims Commission complete the collection.
Repository
Montana State University Library, Merrill G. Burlingame Special Collections
Montana State University-Bozeman Library
Merrill G Burlingame Special Collections
P.O. Box 173320
Bozeman, MT
59717-3320
Telephone: 4069944242
Fax: 4069942851
Access Restrictions

This collection is open for research.

Languages
English
Sponsor
Funding for encoding this finding aid was provided by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities
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Historical Note

Dr. Thomas R. Wessel graduated from Iowa State University in History and earned his Master's and PhD degrees at the University of Maryland. He was professor of History and head of the Department of History and Philosophy at Montana State University before his retirement in the year 2000. He has authored numerous papers on the history of agriculture and American Indians and regularly published reviews for several professional publications. Dr. Wessel was retained as a researcher during the early 1970s to prepare a historical report on the Blackfeet Indian tribe for the Indian Claims Commission. While engaged in this activity he gathered the materials found in this collection.

In 1946, Congress passed the Indian Claims Commission Act as an independent agency to hear and determine claims against the United States by any tribe, band or other group of American Indians residing in the United States. Grievances of an Indian tribe were brought before the three-member Commission (later expanded to five members) who were appointed by the president. Decisions were reviewed by the U.S. Court of Claims and the Supreme Court if necessary. Originally created for 10 years, the Commission lasted until 1978 when it was abolished. The U.S. Court of Claims took over pending cases. To establish its case, a tribe presented evidence about tribal history and culture by experts in anthropology, ethnology and history to establish that land claimed was rightfully attributed to that particular tribe. Tribal reservation records were also introduced. If the tribe was determined to have proven its case, the value of the land at the time the land was taken was decided and the U.S. Government paid the tribe compensation.

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Content Description

Docket 279-D: The Blackfeet Tribe of Indians, Plaintiff vs. The United States of America, Defendant was created on September 25, 1974 when the Blackfeet Tribe claims were severed from the consolidated Dockets 279-C and 250-A and became a standalone claim. Many of the documents for evidence were carried over from the prior Dockets and are present here. Evidence presented to the Indian Claims Commission for Docket 279 -D came from the records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Record Group 75 and the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Record Group 48 from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) at Washington DC and the Federal Records Centers (FRCs) at Denver, Colorado, Seattle, Washington and Suitland, Maryland. The documents collected for the "Historical Report on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation in Montana" prepared by Thomas R. Wessel are photocopies of annual reports, agency reports by supervisors and special inspectors and reservation agents dealing with the administration of the Blackfeet Tribes and their reservation. Correspondence from residents and other interested parties and inspection reports on agricultural programs, schools, irrigation and cattle are prominent along with the handling of allotments. Also included are copies of the ledger pages recording the Blackfeet Tribe disbursements of funds under treaties, acts and agreements of 1883, 1896, 1907, 1930 and others. A summary of the disbursements by category is also present.

Commissioned reports of other historians and experts in land use including the oil and gas industry are also included in the research. The collection includes reports of the General Accounting Office (GAO)and General Service Administration (GSA). Many of these reports were created for Docket 279-C (The Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Tribes of Indians, residing upon the Blackfeet and Fort Belknap Reservations in the State of Montana, Plaintiffs vs. The United States of America, Defendant) and Docket 250-A (The Fort Belknap Indian Community sometimes referred to as the Gros Ventre Tribe and Assiniboine Tribe of Fort Belknap Indians vs. The United States of America, Defendant). Many have handwritten margin notes and arguments or points of view. The documents collected for Docket 279-C carried over as necessary to the Blackfeet Docket 279-D. Docket 279-C and 250-A and Docket 279-D photocopies of testimony, exhibits, briefs, finding of facts and other legal papers before the Indian Claims Commission complete the collection.

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Administrative Information

Arrangement

Series 1 Collected photocopies of records of Blackfeet from Records Group 75 and 48 from the NARA and FRCs of Denver, Colorado, Seattle, Washington and Suitland, Maryland

Subseries 1 Records of the BIA and Department of Interior at NARA and FRCs, 1899-1974

Subseries 2 Records of the BIA, Blackfeet Agency, Browning MT from NARA and FRC Denver 1874-1942

Series 2 Blackfeet Reservation disbursement records based on treaties, acts and agreements, 1855-1936

Series 3 Papers related to, or contracted for, Dockets 279-C, 250-C, and 279-D

Series 4 Testimony, exhibits and indexes, briefs, and other legal papers

Acquisition Information

Photocopies of research reports and records from the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Department of the Interior, Indian Division gathered for Docket 279 -D of the Indian Claims Commission were donated by Thomas R. Wessel to Special Collections in 1976 and 1979. The collection was initially reported to the Library of Congress National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections and assigned entry number 79-630.

Processing Note

This collection was processed 2009 May 13

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Detailed Description of the Collection

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

  • Siksika Indians-Claims

Corporate Names

  • Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana-Claims vs. United States

Geographical Names

  • Blackfeet Indian Reservation (Mont.)

Other Creators

  • Corporate Names

    • United States-Bureau of Indian Affairs (creator)
    • United States-Dept. of the Interior (creator)
    • United States-General Accounting Office (creator)
    • United States-General Services Administration (creator)
    • United States-Indian Claims Commission (creator)
    • United States-Office of Indian Affairs-Blackfeet Agency (creator)
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