Burton French Ellis Papers, 1852-2000

Burton French Ellis was born in Troy, Idaho, on September 13, 1903, to Jennie Sullivan Ellis and Remington Peter Ellis. The family moved in 1904, and Ellis spent his childhood and school years travelling between Lewiston, Idaho; Spokane, Washington; Manchester, Iowa; Humphrey, Idaho; and ranches in Montana. He attended the University of Idaho beginning in the early 1920s, taking time off between semesters to work in the oil fields of California. He was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity and continued to support the organization, as well as the U of I Foundation, throughout his life. He graduated from the U of I with a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1929. Ellis moved to Los Angeles, where he continued coursework in law and accounting. While living in Los Angeles, he met and married Dee Hoffman, a native of Kansas City, Missouri.

Burton Ellis was employed by the Texas Company as a tax attorney from 1929 to 1942, living in Los Angeles until 1938, when he was transferred to New York City. He had previously been active in the ROTC program during college and was a member of the National Guard in California and New York City. In 1942, Ellis took official military leave and joined the Air Corps as a 1st Lieutenant. After training, he was transferred to Miami Beach and Atlantic City, where he taught International and Military Law and was the Assistant Staff Judge Advocate.

From 1943 to 1944, Ellis served with the Army Air Forces in the China-Burma-India Theater as the Assistant Staff Judge Advocate. In 1945, after more training in the legal department of the Army, he was sent to France and Germany with the Army War Crimes Branch. He assumed responsibility over all of the investigative teams operating in Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands. In 1946, Ellis became the Chief Trial Counsel for the Malmedy Massacre war crime case. The German war crime took place in December 1944 during the Battle of the Bulge.

Burton Ellis was then transferred to Dachau, Germany, and commanded approximately 900 personnel in investigating and prosecuting over 1100 war crime defendants. These trials were separate from those taking place in Nuremberg, Germany, at the time. After the trials concluded, Ellis was stationed at the Presidio in San Francisco from 1948 until 1950. He supervised all Army legal activities in eight western states.

When the Korean War broke out in 1950, Ellis was deployed with the 2nd Infantry Division to Korea, where he transferred to I Corps and supervised all legal activities, including war crimes atrocities, until 1953. Between 1953 and 1955, Burton and Dee Ellis lived in Washington, D.C., where he represented defendants in courts-martial appeals. While there, he appealed more than 3000 cases. In 1955, he was transferred to Honolulu and became the Judge Advocate for all activities in Hawaii, the Philippines, Guam, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Burton French Ellis retired from the service as a Colonel in November 1958. During his military career, he earned many decorations and awards, including the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star, and the Korean Service medal.

After his retirement from the Army, Burton Ellis moved with his wife to Merced, California, where he began a private legal practice. He was also a rancher, raising cattle with his brother Bill in Montana and almonds in acreage around the Merced area. He and Dee traveled extensively in the U.S. and abroad, playing golf, fishing, and hunting. Dee passed away on May 26, 1998, at the age of 90 and Burton died on December 29, 2000, at the age of 97.