Report on the Enlargement of Olympic National Park Album, 1938

Overview of the Collection

Creator
Brant, Irving, 1885-1976
Title
Report on the Enlargement of Olympic National Park Album
Dates
1938 (inclusive)
Quantity
48 photographic prints and 1 map in 1 album (1 box)
Collection Number
PH0030
Summary
Photograph album about proposed additions to Olympic National Park
Repository
University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections
Special Collections
University of Washington Libraries
Box 352900
Seattle, WA
98195-2900
Telephone: 2065431929
Fax: 2065431931
speccoll@uw.edu
Access Restrictions

Entire collection can be viewed on the Libraries' Digital Collections website. Permission of Visual Materials Curator is required to view originals. Contact Special Collections for more information.

Additional Reference Guides

Languages
English

Biographical NoteReturn to Top

Irving Newton Brant (January 17, 1885-September 18, 1976) was a biographer, journalist, and historian, was born in Walker, Iowa. He was a reporter and editorial writer for the St. Louis Star-Times from 1918 to 1923, and 1930 to 1938. He is best known for his six-volume scholarly biography of James Madison. Brant wrote about conservation of natural resources for magazines and in 1930 was a founder of the Emergency Conservation Committee. Brant advised President Franklin Roosevelt and Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior, on conservation issues, including proposing recommendations for the enlargement of the Olympic National Park.

Historical BackgroundReturn to Top

On June 29, 1938, President Roosevelt signed H.R. 10024, a bill which abolished Mount Olympus National Monument, established 634,000 acres for Olympic National Park, and authorized the future addition of more than 250,000 acres at the president's discretion. Planning for the new park was carried out in the summer of 1938 by a committee led by Harold L. Ickes (Secretary of the Interior 1933-1945). Ickes appointed journalist and conservationist Irving Brant as a consultant to the 14 western national parks. During the summer of 1938, Brant inspected Olympic National Park and submitted a report that endorsed adding ten areas comprising 226,656 acres. He included acreage around Lake Crescent, the administrative site next to Port Angeles, the high plateau area of Deer Park, Hurricane Hill, Obstruction Point, and the forested valleys of the Elwha, Bogachiel, Queets, and Quinault rivers. Brant conferred with Ickes, who recognized the sensitivity of the project and removed the Quinault area to appease timber interests. Two presidential orders, one issued in 1940 by Roosevelt and a January 6, 1953, executive order signed by Harry S. Truman, completed the establishment of the large peninsula park that its proponents envisioned. The 1940 addition included the forests of the Bogachiel, Calawah, Hoh, Queets, Quinault, and Elwha valleys. The 1953 addition included the Queets Corridor, the Ocean strip, and a seven-mile exchange area of the Bogachiel Valley.

Content DescriptionReturn to Top

1 album of photographs and text with map, titled "Report on the Enlargement of Olympic National Park," written by Irving Brant, consultant and photographer (1938). Includes Brant's recommendations and considerations on which lands to include in the Olympic National Park enlargement.

Other Descriptive InformationReturn to Top

All photographs by Irving Brant.

Use of the CollectionReturn to Top

Alternative Forms Available

View the digital version of the collection

Restrictions on Use

Restrictions may exist on reproduction, quotation, or publication. Contact Special Collections, University of Washington Libraries for details.

Preferred Citation

Administrative InformationReturn to Top

Processing Note

Processed by: Melody Smith, April 2019.

Detailed Description of the CollectionReturn to Top

 

Report on the Enlargement of Olympic National Park Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Report on the Enlargement of Olympic National Park summarizing Irving Brant's trip to the park and how he made his recommendations for the park's enlargement
Between July and August 1938
1
Douglas Firs
Album item
1 1
Man standing among growth of Douglas fir trees in the Elwha River Valley
Written on page: This is the way the Douglas fir grows in the Elwha River Valley, cut off by mountains from the Pacific slope rainfall. "Small old growth" fir in the Elwha runs into millions of board feet, but is of practically no commercial value.
Between July and August 1938
1 2
People standing at the base of a large Douglas fir tree
Written on page: Douglas fir, sixteen and two-thirds feet in diameter, in the Queets River Valley "rain forest." The park must be extended on the west side in order to preserve an adequate stand of these gigantic and irreplaceable trees.
Between July and August 1938

Rain Forest Types - Moss on Maples Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 3
Man standing in a grassy area surrounded by maple trees
Written on page: In the maple trees of the "rain forest," moss of tropical luxuriance hangs in festoons. To lumbermen, such trees are mere obstacles to the logging of other species. One touch of the axe, and the beauty of the forest is destroyed.
Between July and August 1928
1 4
Moss on branches of a maple tree
Written on page: This photograph was taken with the camera pointing straight up into the maple tree shown on the opposite page. Though it looks to be close, much of this moss is fifty feet in the air.
Between July and August of 1938

Rain Forest Types - Rooting of Trees on Fallen Trees Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 5
Man standing beside a Sitka spruce and western hemlock growing out of a fallen Sitka spruce in the Queets River Valley
Written on page: One of the marvels of the "rain forest" is the rooting of living trees on fallen logs and stumps. A Sitka spruce, three feet thick, and a western hemlock (two feet), grow at an angle out of the stump of a fallen Sitka spruce on which they took root, ten feet above the ground, more than a hundred years ago. Queets River Valley.
Between July and August 1938
1 6
Man standing beside trees rooted on a fallen log in the Queets River Valley
Written on page: Twenty-three trees (21 hemlocks, a spruce and a maple) took root on a fallen log in the Queets River Valley and now form this living wall of wood. Fallen trees seem essential to the reproduction of hemlock in these wet valleys.
Between July and August 1938

Introduction to the Ten Proposed Park AdditionsReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: The Ten Additions: Comment on Work and Acreage summarized the layout of the map and the meaning of "H.R. 10024" in the report
Between July and August 1938
item
1 7
Woman standing beside tree growing out of the stump of another tree
Written on page: Proper administration of the Olympic National Park requires that part of the "rain forest" shall be accessible to visitors who are not equipped to penetrate the wilderness. Enough roads are now built to accomplish this purpose.
Between July and August 1938
1 8
Pack train comprised of three riders and seven horses crossing the Queets River.
Written on page: Other and larger areas should be preserved forever in their primeval state. This shows a pack train crossing the Queets River. As long as the steep mountains bordering these valleys remain forested, the rivers will retain their clear, even flow.
Between July and August 1938
1 9 1938

Park Additions One through ThreeReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Addition Number One: Lake Crescent-Sol Duc Area summarizes the location of the recommendation and Bryant's remarks concerning the recommendation
Between July and August 1938
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Two: Soleduck-Calawah Divide summarizes the location of the recommendation and Bryant's remarks concerning the recommendation
Between July and August 1938
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Three: Boghaciel-Hoh Valleys summarizes the location of the recommendation and Bryant's remarks concerning the recommendation
Between July and August 1938
item
1 10
Park workers and horses at the Bogachiel Guard Station with Sitka spruce trees surrounding
Written on page: Vigorous stand of Sitka spruce at Bogachiel Guard Station, Olympic National Forest. Some of these trees are about four feet in diameter where they leave the picture. The Sitka spruce grows to be nearly 300 feet tall.
Between July and August 1938
1 11
Fallen trees on beach and forest on the Bogachiel River Valley
Written on page: Steep north slope of Bogachiel River Valley, near mouth of Tumwata creek. Flood channel in foreground. These slopes could be lumbered only by destructive methods.
Between July and August 1938

Western Hemlock Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 12
Horses and riders traveling among western hemlock trees
Written on page: Fine stand of western hemlock on north side of Bogachiel River, Olympic National Forest below Hyack Shelter. A stock phrase of park opponents is, "Why put that in the park? It's only hemlock."
Between July and August 1938
1 13
People walking through a hemlock forest
Written on page: Young hemlock forest on south side of Bogachiel River, with remains of a much older Douglas fir forest, illustrating evolution of a forest. The next two photographs are of trees in the background of this picture.
Between July and August 1938

Ecological Cycle in the Forest - Transition from Douglas Fir to Western Hemlock Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 14
Two people standing beside older Douglas fir trees and younger western hemlock trees
Written on page: Ancient Douglas firs in young hemlock forest, on Snyder-Jackson trail leading from Bogachiel to Hoh Valley. These gigantic trees are an unnoticeable part of the background of the preceding picture.
Between July and August 1938
1 15
Three people standing at the base of a large Douglas fir tree
Written on page: Douglas fir eleven feet in diameter, visible as a leaning tree in background of the second preceding picture. The last three scenes are on private holdings of the Crown-Zellerbach Corporation, which extend nine miles into the national forest along the Bogachiel River, and should be acquired by exchange for national forest timber and added to the national park.
Between July and August 1938

The Hoh River ValleyReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Three, Continued: The Hoh River Valley summarizes the importance of the Hoh River Valley and recommendations for the area
item
1 16
Horse and rider between Sitka spruce trees in the Hoh River Valley
Written on page: Sitka spruces, nine feet in diameter, in Hoh River Valley, Olympic National Park. By extending the boundaries four miles down the river, trees of equal size and other features of the "rain forest" will be preserved and made available to the motoring public.
Between July and August 1938
1 17
Park worker with horse looking at "overhead rooting" western hemlock tree
Written on page: Typical "overhead rooting" of western hemlock in the "rain forest." This tree, in Hoh River Valley, took root on a stump seventeen feet above the ground, sending roots down through and around the stump, which has long since rotted away.
Between July and August 1938

Queets River ValleyReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Four: Queets River Valley summarizes the location of the recommendation and the value of the Queets River Valley
Between July and August 1938
item
1 18
View of the Queets River Valley from Kloochman Rock
Written on page: Looking up Queets River Valley from Kloochman Rock. Present park boundary two miles up stream. A region untouched by lumbering or forest fires, densely timbered with western hemlock and amabilis of silver fir.
Between July and August 1938
1 19
Horses and rider on a gravel bar beside a forested mountain
Written on page: This gravel bar, during past ages, has washed out of mountain slopes so loose in texture that lumbering would bring the whole mountainside down into the valley. A landslide is visible in the background.
Between July and August 1938

Among the Hemlocks Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 20
Man standing at base of a western hemlock tree in the Queets River Valley
Written on page: The western hemlock, a much under-rated tree from both lumbering and scenic standpoints, grows to large size on these steep mountains. This big one is at an elevation of 3,000 feet on the trail to Kloochman Rock, Queets River Valley.
Between July and August 1938
1 21
Two men standing among fallen trees in forest
Written on page: The fall of this big western hemlock, whose tall broken stump stands at left, knocked down a double row of trees extending 600 feet up the mountainside. Eleven trees were bowled over like tenpins, as the taller of them were struck at heights of 100 to 150 feet above the ground. The next two photographs are in the line of destruction.
Between July and August 1938

Nature Plays Ten Pins Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 22
Man standing among fallen trees
Written on page: This splintered giant was the third to fall in the line of destruction beginning with the preceding picture. On the trail to Kloochman Rock, Queets River Valley, Olympic National Forest.
Between July and August 1938
1 23
Man standing among fallen trees
Written on page: Nature, knocking down twelve trees through the fall of one, did no worse than the most careful selective logger would have done. This photograph was taken from the trunk of a 200-foot amabilis fir knocked down by the tree on which the man is standing. The camera is about 500 feet from the first tree that fell.
Between July and August 1938

Tall Trees By The Queets Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 24
Western hemlock trees on the edge of the Queets River
Written on page: The western hemlock grows tall beside the Queets River. This photograph was taken with a wide angle lens from the fallen Sitka spruce shown in the next picture. The camera was 300 feet distant from the prominent hemlock below whose base (on a drift log) a man is standing.
Between July and August 1938
1 25
Fallen trees and forest on the edge of the Queets River
Written on page: Photograph of the photographer, showing the spot from which the preceding picture was taken. Note the swiftness of the Queets, and the wilderness aspect of the region. Olympic National Forest, below Tshleetshy Creek.
Between July and August 1938

Seeing is Believing: Fishing on the Queets RiverReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 26
Fisherman with his caught king salmon standing on a rock in the Queets River
Written on page: Forty-one-inch king salmon caught on light trout tackle in the Queets River, within the present park boundaries. The steelhead is the principal game fish in this river, especially in the area whose addition in proposed.
Between July and August 1938
1 27 Between July and August 1938

Quinault River ValleyReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Five: Quinault River Valley summarizes the location of the Quinault River Valley, the desirable nature of the land, and the issues with incorporating it into the park
Between July and August 1938
item
1 28
View of Lake Quinault and the northern shore
Written on page: Lake Quinault from north shore, looking toward hotel. Inclusion of south shore is not recommended because of extensive private land holdings.
Between July and August 1938
1 29
Two women standing under maple trees on East Fork of Quinault River
Written on page: Large-leaved maples, heavy with moss, on East Fork of Quinault River. This maple is one of the most attractive features of the "rain forest," and its little relative, the vine maple furnishes an important browse for the elk.
Between July and August 1938

Two Views from the Same Spot Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 30
Forest-lined road by the North Fork of the Quinault River
Written on page: This photograph and the next were taken from the same spot on the road up the North Fork of the Quinault River. The land, though in the Olympic National Forest, is privately owned. Taken together, the two photographs form an illustration of selective cutting both through economic selection and leaving of seed strips, the approved methods.
Between July and August 1938
1 31
Steep hillside covered with fallen and logged trees
Written on page: Logging of steep hillsides, like this one, results in the tearing out of small trees. These form a high fire hazard (there is a fire warning sign on the nearest standing tree forbidding anybody to enter this cut over tract), and serious erosion is certain to follow. A large proportion of the forest lands proposed for addition to the national park are so steep that logging would produce results like this.
Between July and August 1938

Hide and Seek Among the Giants Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 32
Six people at the base of a western red cedar tree on the East Fork of the Quinault River
Written on page: Western red cedar, thirteen feet in diameter, on East Fork of the Quinault River. This variety of cedar has remarkable tenacity of life, due to its habit of building fluted columns of new tissue over a dead trunk. There will be too few of these magnificent conifers in the park, even when extensively enlarged.
Between July and August 1938
1 33
Woman standing beside Sitka spruce tree
Written on page: Totally invisible behind the 13-foot thick trunk of the cedar shown on preceding page, was this Sitka spruce, seven feet in diameter. The two trunks together form almost a perfect circle, 41 feet in circumference, which is the calculable circumference of the cedar alone, on the basis of diameter.
Between July and August 1938

Lake Cushman and North Fork of Skokomish River Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Six: Lake Cushman and North Fork of Skokomish River summarizes the increased size of the addition, why changes were made to the recommended additions in H.R. 10024, and the location's features
Between July and August 1938
item
1 34
Fallen trees and logs on the coast and in Lake Cushman
Written on page: Lake Cushman, an artificial reservoir in the Olympic National Forest. If the northern tip of the lake is taken into the park, as recommended, this sad-looking spectacle can be cleaned up and turned into an attractive recreation spot.
Between July and August 1938
1 35 Between July and August 1938

Dosewallips River and Seattle SkylineReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Seven: Dosewallips River and Seattle Skyline summarizes the location of the addition, the considerations of Seattle residents, and damage caused to the land by development
Between July and August 1938
item
1 36
Woman and dog beside automobile on gravel road in logged area of Olympic National Forest
Written on page: Cut over land in Olympic National Forest, shrouded in forest-fire smoke, as seen from spot where Dosewallips River road enters virgin timber. The Forest Service is engaged in valuable reforestation work below this point.
Between July and August 1938
1 37
Woman standing on road through forest in Dosewallips River Valley
Written on page: Looking into virgin timber from spot where preceding picture was taken. The Dosewallips River Valley narrows and steepens above this point and becomes primarily important for recreation. Proposed park boundary is about a mile up the valley.
Between July and August 1938

Road-Work by a Waterfall Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 38
Dosewallips Waterfall
Written on page: Road-building beside the Dosewallips Waterfall, begun this year but now stopped, partially destroyed one of the most beautiful places in the area proposed for addition to the park. The road, described as an extension to reach a camping site a half mile above the falls, violates the principles of wilderness preservation.
Between July and August 1938
1 39
Partially finished road at top of the Dosewallips Waterfall
Written on page: Landscape architects say that if the Dosewallips River Valley is included in the national park, it will be possible to remedy much of this destruction by throwing in earth, converting the road into a trail, and cleaning out the blasted rock that slopes to the cascades.
Between July and August 1938

On The Dosewallips Return to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 40
Jump-off Bridge on the Dosewallips River
Written on page: Dosewallips River just above the waterfall, showing Jump-off Bridge for pack trains starting into the wilderness.
Between July and August 1938
1 41
Dosewallips River from Jump-off Bridge
Written on page: This is the favorite entrance for Seattle people into the high country.
Between July and August 1938

Deer ParkReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album item
1 text
Page of Text: Addition Number Eight: Deer Park summarizes the location of the recommendation, the features of the area, and why it was not originally included in the park
Between July and August 1938
1 42
Man standing in Deer Park before felled trees
Written on page: Deer Park, elevation 6,000 feet, in center of winter sports and offers a fine view of snow-topped mountains in summer (here obscured by forest fires). Note the bareness of the ground, due to grazing by 1,600 sheep up to 1934. A nearby sign lends irony. It reads: "Pick no flowers within 500 feet on the road."
Between July and August 1938
1 43
Tall flowers and grass with trees and mountain in background on trail from Deer Lake to Bogachiel Peak
Written on page: Another spot at the same altitude where no grazing has occurred.
Between July and August 1938

Hurricane Hill, Obstruction Point, and Elwha River ValleyReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Nine: Hurricane Hill, Obstruction Point, and Elwha River Valley summarizes the location of the recommendation, how to consider the area, and why land between them has been omitted
Between July and August 1938
item
1 44
Trees along bank of Elwha River
Written on page: This photograph and the next, taken in the Elwha River Valley, Olympic National Forest, show what Nature has provided and what man does. The Elwha is the most popular fishing stream in the Olympic mountains.
Between July and August 1938
1 45
Fallen and logged trees with plank road in foreground
Written on page: Selective cutting on private land in the national forest. Seed trees assure regrowth, if no fire starts in the slash after seeding takes place. Cutting of this type is in accordance with approved government practices, but from a scenic standpoint the area is ruined.
Between July and August 1938

Addition Number TenReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Page of Text: Addition Number Ten: Administrative Area and Summary of Recommendations discusses where to locate the park headquarters and adds up the acreage of each recommended area
Between July and August 1938
item
1 46
Women standing on stump with automobile in behind them in logged area
Written on page: Slash left beside the Hoh River road, Olympic National Forest, on private land. The ultimate choice, in relation to The national park, is symbolized by the contrast between scenes like this, and (see next picture):.
Between July and August 1938
1 47
Tree growing out of a fallen tree in forest
Written on page: Scenes like this, wherein Nature disposes of a forest that becomes "overripe." Alder grove in a bygone forest of spruce, with young hemlocks growing out of a decaying spruce log. Queets River Valley, Olympic National Park.
Between July and August 1938

Variety of The National ParkReturn to Top

Container(s) Description Dates
Album
1
Three Pages of Text: Economic Status of Lands Proposed for Addition to the Park summarizes the economic considerations that Bryant took when creating his recommendations for additions to the park
Between July and August 1938
item
1 48
Three horses and riders by a western red cedar in rain forest
Written on page: The Olympic National Park, to fulfill its purpose, must extend from near sea level, where The "rain forest" produces such giant trees as this western red cedar, to-.
Between July and August 1938
1 49
Deer in grass field with mountains in background
Written on page: The snow-covered Olympic Mountains, as seen from Hurricane Hill, where an inhabitant of The region expresses, in quiet contentment, his satisfaction at The establishment of The national park.
Between July and August 1938

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

  • National parks and reserves--Washington (State)--Olympic National Park
  • Visual Materials Collections (University of Washington)

Personal Names

  • Brant, Irving, 1885-1976

Geographical Names

  • Olympic National Park (Wash.)
  • Olympic National Park (Wash.)--History