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Morton J. Elrod Papers, 1885-1959

Overview of the Collection

Creator
Elrod, Morton J., 1863-1953
Title
Morton J. Elrod Papers
Dates
1885-1959 (inclusive)
Quantity
55.5 linear feet and 10 oversize boxes
Collection Number
Mss 486 (collection)
Summary
Morton J. Elrod was an early Montana botanist, naturalist, University of Montana professor, and photographer. The collection consists of materials produced and collected by Elrod from his college and early teaching years through the early 1930s. Significant subjects include the flora and fauna of western Montana; Glacier National Park; the University of Montana; and Missoula, Montana.
Repository
University of Montana, Mansfield Library, Archives and Special Collections
Archives and Special Collections
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library
University of Montana
32 Campus Dr. #9936
59812-9936
Missoula, MT
Telephone: 406-243-2053
library.archives@umontana.edu
Access Restrictions

Researchers must use collection in accordance with the policies of Archives and Special Collections, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, and The University of Montana--Missoula.

Languages
English
Sponsor
Funding for encoding this finding aid was provided through a grant awarded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
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Biographical Note

Morton John Elrod was born in Monongahela, Pennsylvania on April 28, 1863. He began teaching at the age of seventeen. He received his BA, MA, and MS from Simpson College and his Ph.D from Illinois Wesleyan College. He taught and directed the museum at Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois, and launched an expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1894 to collect specimens for that museum. In 1897, he came to the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana, as head of the science department. Subjects he taught included general biology, the human body, protozoology, entomology, advanced biology, teaching biology, and photography. He later became head of the biology department and founded the university's museum of botany and zoology specimen collections. He was extremely active in both the academic and social sides of university life, helping to found both the student newspaper the Montana Kaimin and the student government association. He was also heavily involved in Missoula's Cosmos Club.

Professor Elrod founded the University of Montana Biological Station on Flathead Lake in 1899. The Station was one of the first freshwater laboratories of its kind in the United States. He later surveyed the site for a bison range in conjunction with the American Bison Society, which became the National Bison Range at Moise, Montana. Following the establishment of Glacier National Park, he became the park's first naturalist. This was a summer position and supplemented his teaching obligations at the University.

Elrod wrote extensively on the subject of Montana's natural history. His non-scientific papers and notes are equally prolific and display his interests in Native Americans, philosophy, and poetry. He also operated Missoula's weather station at his home, 205 South Fifth Street East, from 1897 to 1935, after which the National Weather Service established a station in Missoula. He also measured Western Montana stream flows for the federal government. He was a founding member, president, and secretary of the Montana State Horticultural Society, president of the western division of the Montana Education Association, director of the American Bison Society, member of the Missoula Rotary Club, and participant in numerous other organizations.

His publications included The College Past and Present (1899), Birds in Their Relation to Agriculture: the Wealth of Montana as Shown by Statistics (1904), Some of the Last Free Government Homestead Land: the Flathead Reservation (1909), and Elrod's Guide and Book of Information of Glacier National Park (1924). He was also the author of numerous scientific articles.

Elrod was an accomplished and prolific photographer and almost immediately began teaching photography to students after he arrived at the University of Montana. Elrod became the unofficial photographer of the campus and campus activities soon after he arrived in Missoula. During the first two decades of the 20th century, Elrod photographed almost every aspect of University life with his camera, producing his images on large glass plates. By the 1920s he was using flexible film, but photographing fewer campus scenes and almost no campus events.

Elrod also took many scenic photos of western Montana including the Mission Mountains, Glacier National Park, Flathead Lake and the Bitterroot Mountains and Valley. For a short time in the early years of the 20th century he also operated a postcard business out of his Missoula home. In addition, he was a member of the Missoula Chamber of Commerce and served on its board of directors.

Elrod married Emma Hartshorn in 1888. They had two children, one of whom died at birth in 1898. The other, Mary Elrod Ferguson, attended the University of Montana and became the assistant director of the university museum and the Dean of Women. Elrod suffered a stroke in 1934, which ended his teaching and photography career, but he lived until 1953 under the care of his daughter.

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Content Description

The collection consists of materials produced and collected by Morton J. Elrod from his college and early teaching years through the early 1930s. There are a few materials that postdate the end of his active career in 1934 that are included in the collection; these were almost certainly collected and added by his daughter.

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Use of the Collection

Alternative Forms Available

Boxes 64 and 65 (Series IX) contain copy prints of images from Series X. The corresponding identification number for materials in Series X are included in the content description for each of these photo prints.

Restrictions on Use

Researchers are responsible for using in accordance with 17 U.S.C. and any other applicable statutes. Copyright not transferred to The University of Montana.

Preferred Citation

Morton J. Elrod Papers, Mss 486, Archives and Special Collections, Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, The University of Montana--Missoula.

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Administrative Information

Arrangement

The collection is divided into thirteen series:

Series I: Biographical, 1885-1959, 0.25 linear feet

Series II: Correspondence, 1890-1959, 1.5 linear feet

Series III: Subject Files, 1895-1943, 5.0 linear feet

Series IV: Glacier National Park, 1885-1935, 4.5 linear feet

Series V: University of Montana, 1895-1950, 6.0 linear feet

Series VI: Clippings, 1898-1938, 0.5 linear feet

Series VII: Financial Records, 1911-1931, 0.25 linear feet

Series VIII: Writings, 1895-1924, 2.0 linear feet

Series IX: Photographs, circa 1887-1953, 25.0 linear feet and 12 oversize boxes/folders

Series X: Classified Photographs, circa 1897-1934, 6.5 linear feet

Series XI: Lantern Slides, 1893-1911, 3.5 linear feet (599 images)

Series XII: Grinnell Glacier Prints with text, 1910-1928, 0.5 linear feet (59 images)

Series XIII: Digitized Images from General Photograph Collection, 1897-1945, (396 images)

Custodial History

The materials in this collection remained in the possession of the Elrod Family until they were transferred to the Mansfield Library.

Acquisition Information

Purchased by the Friends of the Library from Mary Elrod Ferguson, 1966.

Processing Note

The actions of the original processors are unknown; the collection appears to have been arranged by Mary Elrod Ferguson or someone else very familiar with Elrod's work. Ferguson definitely developed the cataloguing scheme for and described all of the photographic materials. In 2000-2001, the collection was reprocessed. Elrod's photos, previously several separate collections and Ferguson's classified collection, were intellectually reunited with the main collection. The glass lantern slides were rehoused and listed. A collection of gradebooks from Elrod's classes at the University of Montana, 1900-1918, was discarded due to privacy concerns. In 2024, butterfly drawings by Mary Elrod, which were previously processed as Series XIII, were removed and added to the Mary Elrod Ferguson Papers (Mss 205). Series XIII now houses photographs by Morton J. Elrod that were previously digitized by the Archives for online access. Five mounted panoramic prints were added to Series IX, also in 2024. It is possible that these prints are duplicates of images already represented within the collection.

Separated Materials

Mary Elrod Ferguson's papers, originally a sub-group of this collection, were removed and reprocessed as a separate collection, Mss 205.

Related Materials

The Glacier National Park Archives holds a significant number of Elrod's photographs of that area.

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Detailed Description of the Collection

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

  • Animals--Montana--Photgraphs
  • Biological stations--Montana
  • Biology--Study and teaching--Montana--Missoula
  • Birds--Montana
  • Butterflies--Montana
  • Crow Indians--Photographs
  • Glaciers--Montana
  • Glaciers--Montana--Photgraphs
  • Plants--Montana--Photgraphs
  • Postcard industry--Montana--Missoula
  • Salish Indians--Photographs

Corporate Names

  • Flathead Lake Biological Station
  • University of Montana--Missoula
  • University of Montana--Missoula--Faculty
  • University of Montana--Missoula--Photographs

Geographical Names

  • Bitterroot River Valley (Mont.)--Photographs
  • Flathead River Valley (B.CA. and Mont.)
  • Flathead River Valley (B.CA. and Mont.)--Photographs
  • Glacier National Park (Mont.)
  • Glacier National Park (Mont.)--Photographs
  • Grinnell Glacier (Mont.)
  • McDonald Peak (Mont.)--Photographs
  • McDonald, Lake (Mont.)--Photographs
  • Missoula (Mont.)--Photographs
  • National Bison Range (Mont.)
  • National Bison Range (Mont.)--Photographs
  • Rattlesnake Valley (Missoula County, Mont.)--Photographs
  • Swan Range (Mont.)--Photographs
  • Swan River Valley (Mont.)--Photographs
  • Yellowstone National Park--Photographs

Form or Genre Terms

  • Photographs--Montana

Occupations

  • Biologists--Montana
  • Biology teachers--Montana--Missoula
  • Park naturalists--Montana--Glacier National Park
  • Photographers--Montana
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