Archives West Finding Aid

Paul Satco moved the frame of the sea vessel later christened the Ark with his family cross-country from Virginia to Tacoma in 1939 to complete construction of the vessel for a trip to Alaska. The boat, also known as the Ark of Juneau, was first launched in November of 1939 and the family departed for Alaska in April 1940. Its final departure was attended by a crowd of 20,000 spectators.

Frank Stojack is on far left, Cliff Olson third from left, and John Heinrick third from right. Other individuals inducted that year (but who cannot be identified in image) are Joe Salatino and Wally Scott.

Photograph may have been made by Aero-Marine Photography.

Published in the Tacoma News Tribune with caption: Spiritual Refuges - Typical of the scores of beautiful churches in Tacoma are the two shown here, St. Patrick's church at the left and Lutheran Memorial church at the right. Even more in wartime than during peace, citizens are turning to their churches for spiritual comfort and strength, and the churches are fulfilling their mission and meeting the added demands of the nation at war.

The original Saint Luke's Church was built at 6th Avenue and Broadway in downtown Tacoma in 1883. After its congregation merged with another church and the building fell into disrepair, it was sold and slated for demolition in the early 1930s. After a vigorous protest movement and court case brought by citizens of Tacoma, the church was instead dismantled stone by stone and rebuilt in a new location at 3615 North Gove Street in Tacoma, previously the site of the old Saint Mark's Episcopal Church (which was moved a short distance away). The cornerstone was laid in 1936 and construction was completed in 1947.

Published in the Tacoma News Tribune with caption: A "progress" picture of the work at St. Luke's, with the masonry above the floor level, the reconstruction being considered more than half done.

Published in the Tacoma News Tribune with caption: Pictured on the steps of rapidly rising St. Luke's church, at North 36th and Gove, is the Rev. Arthur Bell, with the rocks which will decorate the completed sanctuary. Left to right, the stones are from: Palestine, Washington, D.C., and London. Behind Mr. Bell can be seen the stones which are lettered with an intricate code to fit into the niches they occupied in the original building at 6th and Broadway.

Published in the Tacoma News Tribune with caption: Spiritual Refuges - Typical of the scores of beautiful churches in Tacoma are the two shown here, St. Patrick's church at the left and Lutheran Memorial church at the right. Even more in wartime than during peace, citizens are turning to their churches for spiritual comfort and strength, and the churches are fulfilling their mission and meeting the added demands of the nation at war.

UW 656

This may be an Army chapel that was moved in 1947 from Fort Lewis to 12301 Pacific Avenue and became the Parkland Evangelical Lutheran Memorial Church.

Both Topper Returns and Scattergood Baines were released in early 1941.

The South Puget Sound area's first FM radio station, KTNT-FM was owned by the Tacoma News Tribune.

Published in Tacoma News Tribune alongside story entitled "KTNT Interior Decoration Conveys Feeling of Friendliness" with caption: Warren Reed, announcer-engineer, is shown with one of the KTNT microphones in the main studio. Note that the upper walls of the studio have alternating bands of perforated and solid insulating tile to break up sound waves.

Others pictured may be left to right: Frank Baker, publisher of the Tacoma News Tribune, George Russell, and J. E. Hogg

Reflection of the photographer (presumably Clifford) can be seen in glass at left.

Pictured are Bob Boardway (far left bottom row) and Len Higgins (far left standing back row). Max Bice may be pictured seated third from left in bottom row.

Written on verso: Army blitz buggies - Jeeps

Left to Right: Admiral C.S.Freeman, Mayor Harry P. Cain, Governor Arthur B. Langlie, and Major General John C. Lucas

Published in the Tacoma News Tribune with caption: Sugar Rationing Supplies - Just a portion of the four tons of printed material necessary for rationing of sugar in Pierce county is shown above along with some of the volunteer helpers who assisted County Clerk A.L. Scott with the distribution of the various booklets and forms. Left to right in the picture are: Mrs. Murrel Novotney, Mrs. H.L. Malcolm, Mrs. George B. Nelson, County Clerk Scott and Mrs. H.G. Watson.

In February 1942 President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which directed all persons of Japanese ancestry, including United States citizens, to be relocated outside of designated military areas. Entire families were removed to temporary "assembly centers" to await departure to permanent internment camps for the duration of the war.

The following items were published in the Tacoma News Tribune on April 21, 1942 with caption: Cheerful Exit - More than 400 Tacoma Japanese laughed and joked Monday afternoon as they boarded a train at the Union depot for an evacuation camp in California. Three of the younger generation who leaned from a passenger coach window to jolly many friends that came to see them off, are shown in the upper left, Mrs. Ted, Yaeko and Yoshi Nakamura. At the upper right a soldier, Private George Cohan, helps stow baggage in the coach racks while one of the evacuees goes on with the family duties and feeds the baby. Below, at the left, are shown the bride and groom of the group, Mr. and Mrs. Shigeo Wakamatsu, who had taken each other for better or wores [sic] at the First Baptist church at noon. Shigeo was camera shy, but his bride, besides being attractive, had fine raiment to display. At the lower right soldiers are shown helping the Japanese on board and checking them off on prepared lists. Each passenger coach had its assigned passengers and when they were all checked off the party was ready to pull out for California, where the group will live for a time near Fresno.

Pictured left to right: Mrs. Ted Nakamura, Yaeko Nakamura, and Yoshi Nakamura

After World War II, Shigeo Wakamatsu went on to serve as an advocate for Japanese Americans and was instrumental in lobbying efforts that resulted in federal legislation ordering restitution for detainees in 1988.

The Puyallup Assembly Center, also known as Camp Harmony, housed Japanese Americans between April 28 and September 12, 1942 before being sent to internment camps.

Labels indicate locations for Mendenhall Glacier, Hole-in-the-Wall Glacier, Juneau Ice Field, Taku River and Inlet, Taku Lodge, Taku Glacier, Lemon Creek Glacier, Turner Lake, Salmon Creek Dam, Juneau, and Airport.

Handwritten on verso: In Tongass National Forest - Beautiful Auke Lake with Mendenhall Glacier in background - location of famous Chapel by the Lake. (The most photographed view in Alaska.)

Handwritten on verso: Majestic Mendenhall Glacier - The World's largest, most rugged glacier accessible by road. Gray Line Daily Tours from Juneau May 20 to Sept. 20 From accompanying material: Mendenhall Glacier, just a stone's throw from the Juneau Airport, is one of the most accessible glaciers in Alaska and one of the favorites as well as most photographed.From additional accompanying material: Most photographed glacier in Alaska is the fabulous Mendenhall Glacier, only a short drive from Juneau, Alaska's capital city. It is possible to drive almost to the very foot of the glacier. A short walk takes visitor [sic] right next to this scenic wonder where one can actually feel this mammoth ice formation.

From accompanying material: Vista House, Mendenhall Glacier

Printed on photo: Chilkat Indians perform traditional dances at the tribal house in Port Chilkoot at Haines. Guests enjoy a potlatch style salmon dinner before watching the colorful dance show. All Exploration Cruise ships call at Haines during their seven night Alaska Cruises.

From attached material: Festive robes and ornate headdresses identify the famed Chilkat Dancers of Haines, Alaska. A hand-hewn tribal house, complete with totem poles, provides the setting for a long-to-be-remembered program of authentic Indian dances. Visitors may reach this Southeastern Alaska community by road, air, or convenient auto-ferry service.

Handwritten on verso: Pam Hayden.

From attached material: Tlingit and Haida ceremonial masks and rattles on display at the Alaska Museum at Juneau. One of the finest collections of Alaskan Indian artifacts in the world is on display here.

From attached material: Aerial view of downtown Anchorage - post earthquake.

Signs are visible for Anchorage Grill and Restaurant, North Pole Bakery, Koslosky's, Paris Dry Cleaning, and A. Niemi Hardware.

From attached material: Anchorage, a modern city of 60,000 persons, boasts of many tourist attractions and each year hosts thousands of visitors from all over the globe. Anchorage is the travel hub of Alaska and the "air crossroads" of the world. Pictured above is Fourth Avenue, the city's main thoroughfare.

From accompanying material: Anchorage today is a modern city, boasting of paved streets, sky-scraper apartment buildings, two daily newspapers, two TV stations, and all the modern facilities of any comparable city in the states. Its 60,000 or more population is proud of the "All American City" rating it received in 1956. Pictured above is Fourth Avenue, still the City's main thoroughfare.

From accompanying material (Clifford 104): Alaska's newest hotel is the Captain Cook, located on 4th avenue in Anchorage. The facility is one of the most modern in western America. PNA Photo.From attached material (Clifford 104A): Captain Cook Hotel, Anchorage, Alaska, built immediately following 1964 earthquake.

From accompanying material: City of Contrasts: Anchorage is a city of contrasts with 14-story concrete apartment buildings next door to pioneer log cabins as seen in this photo taken on Fourth Avenue, Anchorage's main street.

From accompanying material: One of the prime attractions in Anchorage, Alaska is the Historical and Fine Arts Museum, housed in an attractive structure just a couple of blocks from the center of the city. The Museum houses some of the finest examples of Alaskan Native Art to be found anywhere.

From attached material: Aerial view of downtown Fairbanks with Chena River winding through center of town.

From attached material: Fairbanks, Alaska, the largest city in the interior of the 49th State is the home of the University of Alaska, America's furthest north university. Fairbanks is the center of gold mining in the 49th State, with hydraulic placer mining replacing the early day pans and rockers, which were followed by the gigantic dredges.

From attached material: Hydraulic placer mining in the Ester gold fields near Fairbanks is fast replacing the old dredges which in turn replaced the early day panning and rocker boxes. This operation using high pressure water to wash down the gold bearing earth also makes good use of a bulldozer and clam-shell shovel in the successful recovery of gold.

From accompanying material (Clifford 200): Juneau - The most scenic capital city on the North American continent. Here, the busy world of commerce and the exciting wonders of a vacation in Alaska are wedded in one bustling city. Busy Gastineau Channel is Juneau's door to the world of commerce and is a major port for Alaska's important commercial fishing industry. Directly behind the city are majestic snow-capped peaks of incomparable beauty; nearby, the rugged grandeur of Mendenhall Glacier beckons thousands of tourists every year. The Alaska Historical Library and Museum houses the most complete Eskimo collection in the United States. A "must" on every tour is the palatial Governor's Mansion, the Old Witch Totem, Historical Gold Creek and a motor trip along the Glacier Highway.From accompanying material (Clifford 202): Juneau From the Air -- Alaska's capital is located at the foot of two towering mountains - Mount Juneau and Mount Roberts. Juneau, a city of 8,000, is the scene of early day gold discoveries in Alaska and became the territorial capital in 1900.

From accompanying material: Various state offices are housed in this building in Juneau. It is one of the capital group in that city.

From accompanying material: Alaska White House: Located high atop a hill overlooking the City of Juneau, Alaska's capital, is the picturesque Governor's mansion pictured above. Many historic mementos are in the mansion which was built in 1912 and was first occupied by the Territorial Governor Jan. 1, 1913. From accompanying material: One of the highlights of any trip to Alaska is a stop in Juneau, the State's Capital City, and a visit to the Governor's mansion, pictured above. The State "White House" is located on a hill overlooking most of the city. Juneau is a modern but colorful city steeped in the history that made Alaska. It is located 900 miles north of Seattle and is one of the stops on Pacific Northern Airlines famed "Inside Passage" trip to the State.

From attached material: Located on a small island near Juneau is the Shrine of St. Thérèse erected in 1938. It is the northernmost Catholic Shrine on the American continent.

From accompanying material: Timber and fishing provide the economy of Ketchikan. Most of the southeastern portion of the state is incorporated in Tongass National Forest and, under the supervision of the U.S. Forestry Department the dense crop of trees is harvested for pulp and lumber.From additional accompanying material: Ketchikan - Salmon Capital of the World. One of the famous Inside Passage lies Ketchikan - Alaska's thriving salmon capital and timber center. Also known as Alaska's "First City" and a nationally recognized "All American City" Ketchikan is colorfully located in a setting of magnificent natural beauty, overlooking Tongass Narrows. A huge fleet of 2,500 fishing vessels of almost every type are based in Ketchikan bringing rich harvests of salmon, cod and halibut to the city's large canneries and cold storage facilities. As an important lumbering area, Ketchikan ranks high with lumber mills and $55 million pulp mill operation backed up by over 45 logging camps in the area, producing cedar, spruce, and cellulose pulp products for the nation's market. For the visitor to Alaska the city offers almost unlimited attractions of which the annual King Salmon Derby has become the largest of its kind. One can see fascinating totem poles at Totem Bight, the City Park, and Saxman Indian Village. There are scenic drives on either side of town.

From attached material: Pulp and salmon canning capital of Alaska, Ketchikan is located on scenic Tongass Narrows which separates it from nearby Annette Island. Ketchikan is Alaska's first city and a favorite stop for tourists visiting the 49th State.

From attached material (Clifford 351): Metlakatla, Alaska, located on Annette Island, is a modern day Indian community with large church, modern schools, cannery, lumber mill, and other present day features. The community is the only town on the island which serves as the airfield for nearby Ketchikan.From accompanying material (Clifford 351-A): Metlakatla -- A thriving community of 800 persons, the town of Metlakatla was founded in 1887 by an Episcopal missionary, Father Duncan, and a group of Tshimshian [sic] Indians. Located here are a lumber mill, and a large cannery operated by the community, as is the fishing fleet. The business area and part of the residential district are shown in the above photo.

From attached material: First pulp mill in Alaska, and one of the most modern "push-button" plants in the entire world, is the Ketchikan Pulp Company facility near Ketchikan. Daily tours through the plant are a highlight for tourists to this southeastern Alaska community.

Handwritten on back of photograph - King Island. Village at base of eroded depression at left. Huge eroded 2 to 3 strong high rock abutments on top.

From accompanying material: The Sunshine Isle of the Pacific. 1,400 miles northwest of Seattle-Tacoma, lies Kodiak, Alaska's oldest city. Here the Russians in 1763 established headquarters for their profitable fur trade which flourished until the purchase of Alaska almost a hundred years later. Today, the influence of these settlers is still apparent in the steepled Russian church and some of the quays along the shores. The visitor to Kodiak can still view the actual mooring rings and stone wharves used by the Russian traders. Modern day travelers enjoy the temperate climate which allows them to take full advantage of Kodiak's scenic beauty. Visitors may see Kodiak's bustling industries - crab processing plant, shrimp and clam canneries. Fishermen hook halibut that attain weights of hundreds of pounds in the waters just off the island ... also the home of the giant King Crab that sometimes measures five feet from claw to claw. For the hunter, there is nothing more exciting than stalking the giant "Kodiak bear," largest carnivorous animal in existance, or the world's largest elk.

From accompanying material: Wien Air Alaska's Arctic Hotel - Kotzebue

From attached material: Eskimo dogteam and Kotzebue waterfront.From accompanying material: Sled dogs relaxing on the beach at Kotzebue.

From attached material: Matanuska Valley farm with modern dairy barn and silos in the background and early day log cabin home in the foreground. Matanuska Valley was settled in the 30's by farmers from the Mid-West.

From accompanying material: Wheat harvest at Matanuska Valley. This fertile valley supplies the major portion of home grown Alaska food produce.

From attached material: Cattle judging at Matanuska Valley Fair. The valley was settled in the 30's by farmers from the Mid-West and has become the bread-basket of Alaska.

From attached material: A typical farm in the Matanuska Valley, the principal section of Alaska.

From accompanying material: Historic Nome -- Famous for its beaches of gold, Nome is still as colorful as in the early days. Pictured is the community's main street which borders on the Bering Sea - Siberia is less than 200 miles away.

From accompanying material: Gold dredges at Nome are a reminder of the gold rush days at this colorful community. Some of the old dredges have been put back into operation now that gold is riding a high price rise.

From accompanying material: St. Michael's Cathedral at Sitka is a reminder of the Russian heritage of the area. Sitka was the old Russian capital of Alaska.Accompanying materials indicate these photographs were made prior to the cathedral's destruction by fire in 1966.

From attached material on 384 & 385: St. Michael's Cathedral, Sitka, prior to destruction by fire.

From attached material: Grave and headstone of "Soapy Smith", Skagway Pioneer Cemetery, Skagway, Alaska.

From accompanying material (Clifford 551): A golden monument to a golden past. Visitors to storied Skagway, Alaska, easily recall fevered days when hordes brimmed the frontier town before setting out for Klondike goldfields. Restored turn of the century rooms, costumed residents and riotous entertainment preserve flavor of the past.

From accompanying material: Monster Frog Totem, now situated at the head of Seward Street, Juneau, is shown as it was being installed recently with Hildre Sand & Gravel Co. donating its lowboy, truck, and boom to help the Juneau Rotary Club complete the job. The city accepted the erected pole from the club last week. The pole is 42 feet long and weighs two tons. It's a "story master" totem, according to Ed Keithahn, who says the figures beginning at the top are Frog, Man, Raven, and Monster Frog; man and a salmon, trap, and a bear raiding the trap; shaman holding land otter by tail and rattle in form of black oyster catcher; octopus and halibut, and a halibut hook baited with a mouse. Each of the four divisions tells a story, first the Monster Frog, then the man with the fish trap, then the shaman Teaawunk, and last the shaman at Island Point Town. The totem was carved by in Hydaburg about 1940 by Haidas under the CCC. Rotarians repainted it, using the original colors, and a year of weathering will remove the gloss.

From accompanying material: Heraldic screen from Yakutat now at the Alaska Museum in Juneau. At the left a Haida Bear house pillar. Very few heraldic screens ever existed in Alaska and three of the finest are at the Museum in Juneau.

From attached material: Old Witch Totem at Sukkwan, now located in Juneau. The Haida Pole depicts the story of young man who because of mother-in-law trouble becomes fatally involved with a lake monster. This is one of the favorites of Alaskan Indians.

From attached material: Chief Skowl Pole in Ketchikan City Park is a Haida Pole originally erected as a memorial to the Chief by his widow in a potlatch at Old Kasaan. There are several variations of the story depicted but the most generally accepted is that it was erected to show the Chief's defiancce of the Russians to introduce their religion to the Haidas.

From accompanying material: Raven carving at the entrance to Saxman Park with the base of Eagle and Beaver Pole in the background. Raven symbolizes one of the two phratries of the Tlingit.

From accompanying material: Bear carving at the entrance to Saxman Park. Bear, like Raven, symbolizes one of the clans of the Tlingits. In the background are the Eagle and Beaver Pole and the Owl Memorial Pole while nearby is the Dogfish Pole.From additional accompanying material: Entrance to the Totem park at Saxman Village. The Dogfish Totem stands tall in the center

From attached material: Originally from Cape Fox Village, this Totem symbolizes the experiences of the ancestors of the Kats House people. Pictured at the top is the Loon, below it, three Bear Cubs, and then the Bear wife of Kats holding her human husband. The pole was carved by four different artists, three Tlingits and a Haida.

From attached material: This is the story of Kats and his Bear Wife, a pole originally carved more than 100 years ago at Village Island and moved to Saxman. At the top is Grizzly Bear woman, who became Kats' wife. The small figure held by Kats is a descendant of his, a poor orphan despised and finally abandoned by his relatives. Below is his grandmother. The opening at the base is the entrance to the house - symbolizing a bear's den.

From accompanying material: Topped by a bear holding a dogfish by the tail, then a wolf with a human body holding a plaque. The upside down figure is a "shame" symbol and signifies a debt owed Chief Ebbits of Tongass in whose memory the pole was erected.

From attached material: Topped by a bear holding a dogfish by the tail, then a wolf with a human body holding a plaque. The pole was erected in memory of Chief Ebbits of Tongass, and the upside down figure is a shame symbol signifying a debt owed to the shief

From accompanying material: Loon Tree Totem at Ketchikan's Saxman Park is originally from Fox Village. The totem symbolizes the experience of the ancestors of the Kats House people. At the top is the loon, then three bear cubs, and bear wife holding Kats her husband.

From attached material: This Saxman Totem, originally from Cape Fox, stood in front of the Eagle Claw House. It depicts the story of the clam or rock oyster which held the hand of a young man until he was drowned by the incoming tide. The bi-valve according to legends, also sucked down canoes and crushed all aboard. Other figures include the Eagle crest at the top, then Beaver representing the Beaver-dam house, below that Beaver, representing the Beaver-tail house, all offshoots of the Eagle Claw house.

From attached material: The totem is a symbol of a warm hearty welcome to visitors in the largest state. Colorful Indian-carved poles can be seen throughout the southeast Alaska panhandle and at other points in the state as well.

From accompanying material: Raven symbolizes one of the phratries of the Tlingit.

From attached material: Alaskan Indian totem poles may be found in various areas of the 49th State, however most are located in the southeastern Alaska panhandle - notably at parks in Ketchikan (where this one stands), Wrangell, Sitka, Juneau, Haines, Klukwan, Hydaburg, and Klawak.

From attached material: Saxman Park, near Ketchikan. Pictures left to right are Dogfish Pole, Secretary of State Seward Pole, Loon Tree, President Lincoln Pole and Eagle and Beaver Pole. The poles at Saxman are from the abandoned villages of Pennock, Tongass, Cat and Village Islands, and Cape Fox Village.

From accompanying material: Man wearing a wooden hat with a Bear's head on top. The original was a grave marker from Cat Island. The totem is at Totem Bight, near Ketchikan.

From accompanying material: Community House at Totem Bight (Ketchikan). The entrance pole tells the story of Raven. The corner posts are men with spruce hats with cane in hand signifying fun making or on the way to a Potlatch. Totem Bight is located a few miles from Ketchikan.

From attached material: Totem House at Totem Bight near KetchikanFrom accompanying material: A "must" for tourists visiting southeastern Alaska, is a visit to Totem Bight near Ketchikan where this colorful Indian Community House is surrounded with a field of totem poles. Colorful totems are also located at Saxman Indian Village, Ketchikan, the Ketchikan City Park as well as the nearby communities of Wrangell and Klawak.

From attached material: A "must" for tourists visiting southeastern Alaska, is a visit to Totem Bight near Ketchikan where this colorful Indian Community House is surrounded with a field of totem poles. Colorful totems are also located at Saxman Indian Village, Ketchikan, the Ketchikan City Park as well as the nearby communities of Wrangell and Klawak.

From attached material: Copy of the Howkan Eagle at right, at the entrance of Totem Bight, Ketchikan. The reproduction of the Chilkat blanket design on the front is entirely out of keeping with wood carving. Such a design was only woven in blankets or painted on skin for ceremonial purposes.

From attached material: Visitors emerge from Indian Community House at Totem Bight State Historical Site. The community house, a replica of one in which several Indian families would have lived prior to the settlement of Alaska, is set among a large collection of totem poles.

From attached material: Alaska totems vie with fjord and glacier settings for the greatest attraction in the state's "Panhandle" region. Here, Ketchikan visitors inspect restored tribal house and graounds in one of three totem parks near Alaska's gateway city. Newly-inaugurated ferry service adds motoring to air and cruise-ship access to the state's Southeast region.

From accompanying material: Totem Poles at Klawock are neatly arranged and easy to picture and study. Shown above in the foreground is the lower portion of the Sockeye Salmon Pole. The upper portion is a wolf's head then the face of a wolf, representing the mouth of a stream with salmon entering. Below is a portion of a trap, to catch the salmon. The second pole is Bullhead and the Fight with the Land Otters. Raven is sitting on the tail of bullhead. The side markings represent the backbone, ribs and skeletal design.

From accompanying material on 442: Tlingit totems at Klawock, originally moved form the old village of Tuxekan.

This location became known as Haines, Alaska in 1970.

From accompanying material: Totem carving is one of the major attractions at Haines/Port Chilkoot in southeast Alaska. Here youngsters are learning the old tried and true methods of carving these colorful poles.

From accompanying material: Totem Carving at the Chilkat Center for the Arts each year is a major attraction in Southeast Alaska. The center is located at old Fort Seward at Haines-Port Chilkoot.

From attached material: At Fort Chilkoot, Alaska, is the Totem Vollage of the Chilkat's with its reconstructed Totem House, Yelk-Nu, meaning Raven's Fort. The original house was destroyed by fire in an inter-tribal war. The carved screen in front is of Raven design and a Raven pole is at the left. A partly carved pole may be seen in the foreground and the buildings of Hotel Halsingland in the background.

From attached material: Raven Totem at Port Chilkoot with Raven House in the background. The pole is a "name" pole dedicated to Carl Heinmiller, disabled war veteran who had done much to revive the arts of the Chilkats in the area and tells of his three names, "Gowooshgow" meaning "noise a Raven makes with his wings" (The Raven's version of the Eagle's Thunderbird); a higher name "Ta-Wa" meaning "Chief or Raven's Fort"; and the lower figure of the Frog, "Tch-too-na-tck-a-choo" meaning "Frog that never dies", pointing out Heinmiller's many war exploits.

From attached material: Raven Screen inside the Yelk-Nu house at Port Chilkoot. The pole at the left depicts the story of Raven looking for evil in the world and eventually only seeing his own reflection in the waters of a still pond. At the right is a figure pole symbolic of the clans under the Raven phratry-- Beaver at the top, Hawk in the center, and Frog at the bottom.

From accompanying material: The old Fort Seward is the home of the Chiklat [sic] Center for the Arts, where the famed Chilkat Dancers perform during the summer months.

From attached material: Pole on Sitka Waterfront. Depicts story of Katlean, Sitka Tlingit leader who destroyed first Russian Settlement at Sitka. Shows two human figures, one Alexander Baranof, Russian leader; other Chief Katlean. Also Russian two-headed eagle. From additional attached material: More than 30 photographs, maps and drawings telling the story of the Alaskan Totems are contained in a booklet, "Much About Totems," just published by Pacific Northern Airlines. Pictured above is one of the Totems illustrated, this one located at Sitka. The booklet may be obtained by contacting your nearest PNA office, or by writing the Public Relations Dept., Pacific Northern Airlines, 400 Norton Bldg., Seattle 4, Wash.

This location is now known as the Sitka National Historical Park.

From accompanying material: The Lake Monster Pole (left) depicts a young man who displeased his mother-in-law by gambling. The man trapped the lake monster (the duck-billed figure) and with its skin he found he could exercise great powers. The mother-in-law claimed these powers and was shamed when the truth was revealed by the man's death. The young man was burned in the lake with skin wrapped around him; he became the spirit of Gonaquadet, a sea-being whose reputation was very great. The Shark Pole (right) tells of the Raven creator visiting the new world, going under the ocean and meeting an industrious people. He sent compliments to a woman - he saw the character in her face. From accompanying attached material: Lake Monster Pole. A young man, pictured in the center, who was a gambler, displeased his mother-in-law (pictured at the top), and she scolded him. In time he secretly built a trap (pictured as the white crook behind the mother-in-law) and caught the lake monster (the duck-billed figure). With its skin he found he could exercise great powers. Each night he went to sea and returned with much food. He left the food where his mother-in-law could find it, but said nothing about his part. After a while she claimed supernatural powers (signified by the owls along her seat) and declared she was a shaman. She had a special hat and a pair of h and rattles made and she began to call for specific foods. For a time the young man followed her requests and still said nothing of his part. Finally her request was too great and although he tried to return with the catch before the Raven crowed in the morning, the people awakened to find the young man only half out of the skin and lying beside his catch. His death proved that the mother-in-law was not a shaman and great shame came to her. The young man was burned in the lake with the skin wrapped around him and he became the spirit of Gonaquadet, a sea-being whose reputation was very great.From additional accompanying material: Shark Pole. When the world was still new, the Raven creator was going around to see it all. When he came to the ocean he lifted a corner and went under. Here he found industrious people and also saw a beautiful woman to whom he sent compliments by way of a small boy who acted as messenger. Finally he became very bold when she returned his compliments and suggested marriage, but the beautiful woman began to cry and sent the reply that she was ugly and had rough skin and form, that he would come to ignore her after a while. The raven replied that she was wrong and that he saw more than those physical things - he saw the character in her face. The figure at the bottom is a tree stump and indicates the time of the story as literally the beginning of time. The fox is the messenger.

From accompanying material: The "Governor Brady" or "Sonny Hat" Totem Pole at Sitka National Monument is considered to be the finest in Alaska. It was the gift of Son-i-Hat (Sonny Hat), Haida Chief at Kasaan and presented to Alaska through Governor Brady. It is surrounded by Tlingit Wolf House posts and stands on the site of a Kiksadi Indian Village destroyed by the Russians in a pitched battle in 1804. The pole is difficult to interpret but shows Frog Woman and children, Bear mother and two cubs, Bear holding a woman upside down, Bird with bent bill, Wolf crest, Otter Wolf and other animals. It is a Memorial Pole of a great Potlatch. All were invited.From additional accompanying material: Fog Woman Totem. This pole and the four house posts were a gift of Son-I-Hat, Haida chief of Kasaan, to Governor John Brady. They were brought to Sitka in 1902 on the Revenue Cutter Rush and erected by prisoners from the city jail. In thanksgiving for a prosperous year, the honored place is given ot the "Fog Woman" because in the spring the fog comes up from teh south bringing its children, teh salmon and vegetation. Below the fog woman are crest animals of the phratries (or families) who were guests at the great potlatch given by the grizzly bear at the bottom. The house posts symbolize the story of the time Raven, by trickery, was born into the family of the man who owned the sun, moon and stars. The responsive grandfather placated the child by giving him the three prizes which Raven placed in the sky for the good of man.

From accompanying material: Two stories are told on this pole. The bottom three figures commemorate the time Raven jumped into the mouth of a whale. He made it so unpleasant for the whale that he was happy to go ashore and die. Raven, however, still imprisoned in his belly, began to sing and thus attracted the attention of some children. They aroused the village people who began to dig into the sides of the whale. Out stepped Raven and in thanks for his rescue he cut up the whale and divided it among the people, thus making a great feast. The top three figures commemorate the story of an industrious young man who married a girl from a mythical crane family. Since these people ate nothing but frogs, they ignored the fine food this man brought to the house. He was thinking about this one day as he walked through the woods and he accidentally killed the giant frog who held these people in this state. The people were overjoyed to learn this. The young couple were released to lead normal lives.

From accompanying material: Carvings of humans are almost always conventional. Clothing is seldom shown in detail except for the high crowned hat worn by the chiefs of the old days. As the natives carve or weave these hats they resemble a silk top-hat. When Caucasians are carved, they are usually marked by beards, curly hair, white painted faces and clothing.

From accompanying material: This pole commemorates the story of the man who married the daughter of a Devilfish Chief. The man was captured by a Devilfish while he was expliring at low tide and he was taken to a Devilfish town. He remained with the chief's daughter for many years, but finally became homesick. The chief funished two canoes and many presents and permitted them to leave. For many years they stayed among his peple gaining great prestige because of his ability to potlatch. Finally the Devilfish wife wanted to go home and the people never saw them again. The chief is at the top, the daughter below, the center figure is the captured man and below him is the rock under which the Devilfish live.

From attached material: Gambler Pole. This pole is generally described as being dedicated to an ungrateful white man who was taken in by the Indian shown below. During the winter the white man taught the gullible Indian man many games and they played them until the white man owned everything. In the spring the guest departed, taking eerything he had won and his host's daughter as well. The image was carved to tell everyone to watch out for him. The top figure is an excellent representation of a white man.

From attached material: Carvings of humans are almost always conventional. Clothing is seldom shown in detail except for the high crowned hat worn by the chiefs of the old days. As the natives carve or weave these hats they resemble a silk top-hat. When Caucasians are carved, they are usually marked by beards, curly hair, white painted faces and clothing.

From attached material: Memorial Pole. The single figure mounted on a shaft resembles the poles used for mortuary purposes. A niche was carved in the back to hold the ashes of the dead. This figure appears to be a cormorant, identified by the medium short, thick beak, a thin body, and coarse feathers. He has become identified with the ancient being who kept all the fresh water in the world trapped in his stone cistern. Raven stole enough water to make the rivers and lakes. Cormorant is mentioned in several raven adventures; in one of them, Raven pulled out Cormorant's tongue to prevent his reporting the trick he had played on another companion with whom they were fishing. Cormorants have been speechless and songless since that time.

From accompanying material: Potlatch Pole. Pictured is Tagcock's Totem Pole on the main street of Wrangell. The pole is one of several erected at the Wrangell Potlatch in 1940, one of the last great Alaskan Potlatches. The pole is 65 feet high and was carved for Wrangell businessmen by Charlie Tagcock, professional carver. It tells two stories of Raven - how Raven got light, and the "Jonah" or whale story. At the bottom is Goo-teekhl, cannibal giant and the small white face on his chest is the mosquito. The tells the story of the origin of the mosquito.

From attached material: The Duktoothl Totem at Wrangell depicts the story of the weakling who became strong.

Image copyright owned by Getty Images.

From attached material: Chief Shakes Island, near Wrangell, Alaska, was named for a famous Shaman or Medicine Man who played an important role in the Tlingit Indian tribal government during the early part of the 20th Century. This island houses restored Totem Poles and a replica of a Tribal House, or Community House. The restoration of the Poles was part of a larger project carried on during the late 1930's by Government. The island is only a moment's stroll from downtown Wrangell via a small footbridge.

From attached material: Authentic Alaska Indian Totems on Chief Shake's Island, Wrangell, Alaska.

From accompanying material: Bear House front on Chief Shakes house at Wrangell, Alaska, with Grizzly and Konakadet mortuary poles. Wrangell is well known as a center for Totem Poles in Southeastern Alaska. It may be reached by flying Pacific Northern Airlines from Seattle-Tacoma to Ketchikan and then Alaska Coastal-Ellis to Wrangell.

From accompanying material: Chief Shake's Totem House and totems at Wrangell, Alaska. Wrangell boasts of a fine collection of Alaskan totems as do several other communities in southeastern Alaska.

From accompanying material: The Gonakadet (left) and supernatural Grizzly Bear (right) Mortuary poles are in front of the Chief Shakes' house at Wrangell. These poles stand in the exact location of the originals. The Gonakadet pole held the ashes of the father and mother of Chief Shakes VI and the Grizzly Bear pole those of his younger brother.

From attached material: Authentic Alaska Indian Totems on Chief Shake's Island, Wrangell, Alaska.

From attached material: Chief Shake's Totem House and totems at Wrangell, Alaska, one of the finest collections of Alaskan poles to be found in the state. Wrangell is in southeast Alaska, and is a favorite stopping off place for visitors.

From accompanying material (Clifford 108): World Championship sled dog racing at Anchorage, Alaska. Each year, snow is brought in from the outlying hills for sled dog racing on Anchorage's main street. Teams from as far east as Massachusetts compete in this annual event.

From accompanying material: Fur Auction - Buyers from London, New York, and California vie with fun-loving tourists for the best in Alaska's furs sold on the City Hall steps during the Fur Rendezvous in Anchorage. Bargain prices for top-quality furs are the order of the day during this annual affair held each year in mid-February.

From accompanying material: Some Fun - Everyone, from the Keystone Cops to their "victims", has fun at the Miners' and Trappers' Ball, one of the evening features of the Anchorage Fur Rendezvous. Dates for this winter's celebration are Feb. 18 through Feb. 23. Each year the Rendezvous attracts visitors from all parts of the United States and the Territory of Alaska.

From accompanying material: Fun For the Youngsters Too - Featuring many unique and colorful events for the adults, the kids also have fun at the annual Anchorage Fur Rendezvous, Feb. 16-22. Here a younger enjoys playing with one of the gentle Alaska sled dogs which each year vie for thousands of dollars in prizes in the World Championship Dog Sled Derby. Eskimo dances, street parades, winter sports events and dozens of other attractions all go to make the Rendezvous the biggest event of its kind in the new 49th State.

From attached material: Race action at Anchorage's Arctic Valley finds skiers from Europe, Western Canada and the Pacific Northwest competing with Alaskans in the various events held in conjunction with Anchorage's famous Fur Rendevous [sic], Mardi Gras of the North. [Crossed-out text: Weather conditions in the ski area, although mild, are such that the snow is dry and powder from November to May, thus offering the best for racing.]The location is possibly Mount Alyeska.

From accompanying material: Trail Master Skip Burns is one of several experienced, woods-wise guides who has lived in Southeast Alaska for years and who has crossed the Chilkoot many times. The experience is now available to those who wish to "relive" the Days of '98 in hiking over the famed trail of the Yukon gold rush.

From accompanying material: Thousands of prospectors fought their way over the famed Chilkoot Pass in the Days of '98 in search of gold in the Yukon. Winter or summer they made their way over the rugged trail. Visitors to the area today can go over the same route with experienced guides with comfortable but rugged overnight stops enroute.

From accompanying material: Visitors to Alaska today have an opportunity to relive the experience of the Days of '98 as they hike over the famed Chilkoot Trail. Pictures is a shot taken in the same area as the famed "Chilkoot Trail" winter photo shown elsewhere. This photo is taken looking down the trail while the winter shot is one from the bottom up.

From accompanying material: A rustic but comfortable modern-day cabin marks one of the "ghost towns" along the old Chilkoot Trail of '98 in Southeastern Alaska. The trail was used by prosepctors seeking gold in the Yukon. Start of the trip over the trail is in historic Skagway.

From accompanying material: A comfortable cabin along the Chilkoot Trail provides a stopping place for hikers and horseback riders who retrace Alaska's famed goldrush path. The trail has been reclaimed from the encroaching wilderness by the Alaska Division of Lands and runs from Skagway, Alaska to Lake Bennett in Canada.

From accompanying material: Skin diving for Alaska King Crab is a favorite Alaskan pastime. Pictured is a Kodiak resident with a large speciman [sic].Woman pictured may be Sharion Johnson.

From accompanying material: Skin diving for Alaska King Crab is one of the highlights of the annual Kodiak King Crab Festival each spring. Pictured is a smiling contestant with her prize-winning specimen. King Crabs weight [sic] up to 25 pounds and reach five feet across.Woman pictured may be Sharion Johnson.

From attached material: The Malemute Saloon, looking much as it did in the early days, is a favorite for visitors to the Cripple Creek community near Fairbanks. Many of the old time furnishings remain just as they were during the days when gold mining was at its height in the Ester Gold Fields.From additional accompanying material: Malemute Saloon, which recalls the early gold rush days in Fairbanks, is a favorite visitor attraction in the Interior of Alaska.

From attached material: The old "ghost town" at Cripple Creek, an early day gold mining community in the Ester Gold Field near Fairbanks is one of the interesting attractions in the interior Alaska area. An early day museum and panning for gold are favorites with visitors from the "Southern 48."

From attached material: The Museum, Malemute Saloon, "One Below" Discovery Gold Mine, and the Crystal Palace theater, are favorites with visitors to the "ghost town" of Cripple Creek in the Ester Gold fields near Fairbanks, Alaska. Many of the buildings remain as they did in the early gold mining days.

From attached material: Fishing is a favorite pastime for those taking one of several canoe tours through the Kenai National Moose Range in Alaska. Rainbow trout, Arctic char and landlocked salmon are plentiful in the rivers and lakes of the area.

From accompanying material: Canoeing in the Kenai area is one of the many "do it yourself" tours now available to visitors to Alaska. Routes have been set out over the Swanson Lake area in the famed Kenai National Moose Range.

Location may be in the Tongass Wilderness near Ketchikan.

From accompanying material: Sunshine and dry powder snow combine to put spring skiing high on the list for anyone visiting Alaska, the 49th State. Here Lorie Jenkins of Anchorage enjoys the warm sun on the slopes at Mt. Alyeska, near Anchorage.

The location is possibly Mount Alyeska.

From accompanying material: Ski-joring behind sled dogs is a favorite sport among Alaskans in the Anchorage area during the winter months. Pictured is an Anchorage couple enjoying the sport on one of the many trails near town.

From accompanying material: Left Charles B. West, president, and right H.J. Musiel, vice-president, both of Arctic Alaska Tours in Seattle.

From accompanying material: Frank D. Ferris of United Air Lines in Seattle.

From accompanying material: Left to right Frank D. Ferris of United Air Lines, James P. Tribble of Western Air Lines, W. O. Behnken of Pacific Northern Airlines, and John MacLean of Trans Canada Airlines.

From accompanying material: Giant produce from the Matanuska Valley near Anchorage, Alaska as displayed by Pacific Northern Airlines in Seattle. These vegetables were grown by Mr. Max Sherrod at Palmer, Alaska and sent through the courtesy of Carr's Food Center in Anchorage. The cabbage weighed in at 27 lbs. and the giant squash at 17 lbs. Pacific Northern Airlines serves Anchorage and greater Alaska with three flights daily. - GJM

From accompanying material: Visitors to Alaska can look forward to fascinating river-boat trips in many of Alaska's magnificent rivers. Glaciers, towering mountains, and all types of wild game can be seen and photographed during these trips.

From accompanying material: Alaska is a photographer's paradise. You'll find every type of spectacular backdrop. This one is Hole-in-the-Wall Glacier near Juneau, Alaska's capital city.

From accompanying material: Gorgeous glaciers can easily be reached by car. Here beautiful Portage Glacier near Anchorage, Alaska, is posing for the photographer.

From accompanying material: ESKIMOS DANCE - These masked Eskimo dancers are doing a walrus hunting dance. Note the masks have representations of walrus tusks. The parkas used are waterproof and made of walrus intenstines. The dancers always wear or carry gloves or mittens when performing.

From accompanying material: Pick A Beauty - Pretty Eskimo and Indian girls from northern Alaska compete for the title of queen to rule over the Eskimo Olympics in Fairbanks the weekend of July 21-22. Their colorful parkas and mukluks make for an Alaska style show.

From accompanying material: Panning for gold on Nome, Alaska's famous gold beach is only one of the fascinating things you can see and do when you visit this historic mining city in Alaska.

From accompanying material: When you visit Alaska, called the Great Land, you can see modern gold dredges, yet see and photograph gold panners, or actually pan for gold yourself. Above is an Alaskan miner, typical of the young vigorous folk who offer you true Alaskan hospitality on your trip.

Handwritten on verso: Shopping for the unusual in Alaska's Arctic - Bargain buys in new furs.

From accompanying material: Trying on Alaska parka - Many visitors from northern states are interested in the attractive Eskimo parkas made from a variety of Alaska furs. In addition to these, curio shops carry an assortment of Alaska jade and gold jewelry, carved ivory, small totem poles, ceramics, and many other items.

From accompanying material: Polar Zone Palms - This pretty visitor is standing by a section of whalebone taken from the mouth of a bowhead whale at Point Barrow, Alaska. The springy, resilient material hangs from the upper gums of the huge whale and there may be 300 to 400 narrowly spaced blades on each side of the 20 foot long mouth of the whale. Not too long ago, this whalebone or "baleen" was the principal reason the big whales were hunted commercially in the arctic. The baleen was used in the making of corset stays. The Eskimos still hunt the whales for food and they now sell whalebone blades for souvenirs to people who visit Alaska's polar zone.

From accompanying material: Pick a pup - Camera fans who visit Arctic Alaska find this combination of a pretty girl and husky puppies hard to resist. Dog teams are still used for transportation in many places in Northern Alaska.

Nearly identical booklets published by Pacific Northwest Airlines and Western Airlines that contain information about totem poles in Alaska and include images taken by Clifford, many of which are featured in this collection.