MTGMss137.xml Guide to the Thain White Papers 1877-1983 White (Thain) Papers Finding aid prepared by Elizabeth Cummings Jones Funding for encoding this finding aid was provided through a grant awarded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, The University of Montana--Missoula, ©1999
The University of Montana--Missoula Missoula, MT 59812 406-243-2053 https://www.umt.edu/library/asc library.archives@umontana.edu
Encoded by ArchProteus2003 Finding aid is in English University of Montana, Mansfield Library, Archives and Special Collections
The University of Montana--Missoula Missoula, Montana 59812 406-243-2053 https://www.umt.edu/library/asc library.archives@umontana.edu
Mss 137 White, Thain, 1913-1999 Thain White Papers 1877-1983 5.5 linear feet Thain White was a Montana historian who focused on the history of western Montana, particularly the Flathead valley. The collection contains maps, artifacts, and documents concerning a variety of Montana historical topics. Materials are in English Biographical Note

Thain White was born and raised in Rollins, Montana. White spent his early years helping his father, Ernie White, raise sheep at White's Columbia Sheep Company. It was during these years that White acquired a strong interest in the history and archeology of his native state. This interest resulted in decades of Montana historical research and writings.

In 1949, Thain and Ernie White began the Flathead Lake Lookout Museum in Lakeside, Montana. Located on the west shore of Flathead Lake, the museum is dedicated to exhibitions and collections concerning regional and primitive artifacts. Two generations of the White family maintained the museum facility until 1972, when the O'Neil Jones family purchased the museum.

During his years as museum director, White undertook a number of research projects concerning the Montana area and the Flathead Valley in particular. He conducted a variety of excavations at battlegrounds from the Indian Wars of the 1880s and homestead sites such as Chimney Coulee. He also focused much of his research on railroads and stage companies existing in Montana at the turn of the century. Much of White's work was done in partnership with Montana State University (now University of Montana) Professor of Anthropology Carling I. Malouf. White documented his research and many of his articles were published together with Malouf by the Flathead Lake Lookout Museum.

Mr. White died on April 29, 1999.

The collection contains maps, artifacts, and documents concerning a variety of Montana historical topics. Much of the collection is composed of unpublished copies of White's historical articles, as well as notes and research material. White documented and photographed many of his excavations and artifacts and these photos compose a large portion of the collection. The Thain White Papers provide a range of original research on many popular Montana subjects.

The collection is divided into eight series, two with additional subseries:

Series I: Correspondence, 0.1 linear feet, 1915, 1953-1965

Series II: White's Publications, 1.2 linear feet, 1959-1983

Subseries 1: Indian Wars, 0.3 linear feet, 1960-1976

Subseries 2: Other Native American Studies, 0.2 linear feet, 1959-1976

Subseries 3: Forts, 0.1 linear feet, 1960-1962 and undated

Subseries 4: Homesteading, 0.2 linear feet, 1967-1975

Subseries 5: Flathead Valley, 0.1 linear feet, 1960-1969

Subseries 6: Other Publications, 0.3 linear feet, 1962-1978

Series III: Research Material, 0.2 linear feet, undated

Series IV: Other Publications, 0.2 linear feet, 1970-1978

Series V: Newspaper Clippings, 2 folders, 1955-1968

Series VI: Maps, 1 folder, 1939

Series VII: Artifacts, 1.0 linear feet and 2 folders, 1906-1960

Series VIII: Photographs, 2.75 linear feet, 1877-1982

Subseries 1: General, 1.25 linear feet, 1889-1979

Subseries 2: Boats and Planes, 0.4 linear feet, 1905-1982

Subseries 3: Soldiers, Indians,and Cowboys, 0.6 linear feet, 1877-1911

Subseries 4: Nature and Animals, 0.2 linear feet, 1898-1973

Subseries 5: European, 0.2 linear feet, 1914-1978

Subseries 6: Going-to-the-Sun Highway, 0.1 linear feet, circa 1931

Researchers must use collection in accordance with the policies of Archives and Special Collections, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, and The University of Montana--Missoula.

Researchers are responsible for using in accordance with 17 U.S.C. and any other applicable statutes. Copyright not transferred to The University of Montana.

Thain White Papers, Archives and Special Collections, Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, The University of Montana-Missoula.

Gift of Thain White, date unknown.

The actions of the original processors are unknown. In 1999, the collection was re-processed.

During 1999 processing, the following items were transferred to the Map Division of the Mansfield Library:

Map of the Townsite of Demersville, December 28, 1888.

Map of the Battle of the Bear's Paw. March 28, 1936. Survey by C.R. Noyes. Depicts camps, rifle pits and death points.

 Archaeologists--Montana--Lake County Historians--Montana--Lake County Coaching--Montana--History Frontier and pioneer life--Montana Indians of North America--Montana--Antiquities Railroads--Montana--History Flathead River Valley (B.C. and Mont.)--History Montana--Antiquities Montana--History Montana--History, Military--19th century Flathead Lake Lookout Museum (Lakeside, Mont.) Malouf, Carling I. (Carling Isaac), 1916-2007 Photographs Maps Artifacts Montana Artifacts Maps Photographs Native Americans Pioneers Transportation Series I Correspondence 1915, 1953-1965 0.1 linear feet

A few personal letters, including correspondence between White and Professor Carling Malouf, are contained in this series. Also included is a letter from the Scandinavian-American Hide and Metal Company dated 1915.

This series is arranged chronologically.

 1/1 Personal Correspondence 1953-1965 1/2 Other Correspondence: Letter from Scandinavian-American Hide and Metal Co. 1915 1/3 Other Correspondence 1960-1987 Series II White's Publications 1959-1983 1.2 linear feet

Articles on a variety of Montana historical topics constitute this series. White writes on his original research and the collection contains typed, handwritten and published copies. Many of these works were done with the assistance of Professor Carling Malouf. A few of the original copies also include maps and artifacts concerning the research topic. The series is subdivided into six subseries: Indian Wars, Other Native American Studies, Forts, Homesteading, Flathead Valley History and Other Montana Studies. Within these subdivisions, the articles are then arranged alphabetically by topic.

 1/4 List of White Manuscripts, compiled by Malouf 1983 Subseries 1: Indian Wars 1960-1976 0.3 linear feet

This subseries contains White's writing and research concerning the armed conflicts between Native American tribes in the Northwest and the United States government.

1/5 Bear's Paw Battlefield 1877, artifacts, Book One undated OS 6 Bear's Paw Battlefield 1877, artifacts, Book One

map: Bear's Paw Battlefield - RESTRICTED pending tribal consultation

 undated 1/6 Bear's Paw Battlefield 1877, artifacts, Book Two undated 1/7 Bear's Paw Battlefield 1877, artifacts, Book Two, Section Two undated 1/8 Bear's Paw Battlefield 1877, artifacts, Book Two, Section Two and additions undated 1/9 Relics from the Big Hole Battlefield, August 9-10, 1877

Article draft and correspondence

 1962 OS 6 Relics from the Big Hole Battlefield, August 9-10, 1877

associated map: Map of the Big Hole Battlefield - RESTRICTED pending tribal consultation

 1962 1/10 Nez Perce War 1877, Clearwater Battlefield 1960 1/11 Nez Perce War 1877, relics from Misery Hill undated 1/12 Nez Perce War 1877, possible site of Rains Scouting Party Tragedy 1960 1/13 Nez Perce War 1877, site were seven Nez Perce warriors were killed 1969 1/14 Battle of the Rosebud 1976, artifacts undated 1/15 Battle of Wolf Mountain, 1877, a visit to the sit in 1963 Subseries 2 Other Native American Studies 1959-1976 0.2 linear feet

This subseries contains White's writing and research on various aspects of Native American culture.

 1/16 Sheep Herder's Dictionary of Blackfeet Indian Words undated 1/17 Buffalo Drives on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation undated 1/18 A Study of a Few Indian Canoes 1976 2/1 A Study of a Few Indian Canoes, Part Two 1976 2/2 Lewis and Clark's Trail: Exploration of a Segment of the Northern Nez Perce Trail 1975 2/3 Early Kutenai History undated 2/4 Firsts Among the Kutenai undated 2/6 Kutenai Place Names of the Flathead Lake Region in NW MT undated 2/7 Sketches of Indian Pictograms undated 2/8 Location of Pipestone (Indian) Quarry: NW MT, Pleasant Valley undated 2/9 A Search for the Site of Sitting Bull; Where He Spent the First Winter in Canada After the Custer Massacre" 1960 2/10 Tipi Rings in the Flathead Lake Area 1959 Subseries 3 Forts 1960-1962 and undated 0.1 linear feet

This subseries contains White's writing and research on various trading posts and military forts.

 2/11 Fort Belknap 1960 2/12 Fort Conrad undated 2/13 Some Observations as the Site of Fort C.J. Smith 1962 2/14 A Study of Some Fort Owen Window Glass undated 2/15 The Possible Location of Saleesh House December 1960 2/16 A Partial List of Montana Forts, Posts, Trading Posts undated Subseries 4 Homesteading 1967-1975 0.2 linear feet

This subseries contains White's research and writing on various homesteading sites.

 2/17 A Visit to Chimney Coulee 1967 2/18 A Second Visit to Chimney Coulee 1968 2/19 The 1974 Visit to Chimney Coulee 1974 2/20 Another Visit to Chimney Coulee 1974 2/21 Some Explorations at Chimney Coulee 1975 2/22 The Billings Homestead Window Glass: Comparison to Fort Owen Window Glass undated Subseries 5 Flathead Valley 1960-1969 0.1 linear feet

This subseries contains White's research and writing on the Flathead Valley in northwest Montana.

 2/23 Medicine Rock 1960 2/24 Brief History of the Steamboating on Flathead Lake 1967 2/25 A Study of the Lithograph "Flathead Lake, Looking Southward" in Pacific Railroad Reports and Surveys 1853-1854 1968 2/26 Buffalo Soldiers in the Flathead Valley 1890 1969

Discusses troops of African American soldiers at Fort Missoula. Also refers to the Demersville soldiers.

 2/27 Beautiful Flathead - America's Finest Lake undated 2/28 Stagecoaches, Flathead Lake undated Subseries 6 Other Publications 1962-1978 0.3 linear feet

This subseries contains White's writing and research on various historic figures and topics.

 2/29 Artifact From the Location Where J. M. Dunn was Murdered 1962 3/1 Big Game Perches undated 3/2 Livestock Brands Used on the Reservations in Montana by Indians and Whites before 1900 1970 3/3 List of Pre-Historic and Historic Sites undated 3/4 Captain William Logan, Biography undated 3/5 Medals undated 3/6 Relics From the "Rifle Pits" of the Yellowstone Wagon Road and Prospecting Expedition of 1874 undated 3/7 Scarred Trees in Western MT undated 3/8 Excerpt From the Manuscript by Mary Elizabeth Story Howard, typescript of a 1902 manuscript 3/9 Sixty Years Later, (picture comparison of Europe in 1917 and 1978) 1978 Series III Research Material undated 0.2 linear feet

This series is composed of a variety of notes and research documents on Montana territory forts and Montana stagecoaches. These works were reference materials for White or unfinished projects. None of this material is dated.

The series is arranged alphabetically by subject.

 3/10 Notes on Old Forts undated 3/11 Research Material: Stagecoaches, general undated 3/12 Research Material: Benton Line undated 3/13 Research Material: Monida - Yellowstone Stage undated 3/14 Research Material: Overland Freight Line undated 3/15 Research Material: Pine Butte undated 3/16 Research Material: Redrock, Salmon and Gibbonsville Stage Co. (Includes advertisements) undated 3/17 Research Material: Redrock, Salmon and Gibbonsville Stage Co. undated 3/18 Research Material: Thunder Mountain undated 3/19 Research Material: Yankee Fork undated 3/20 Research Material: Demersville undated 3/21 Research Material: Unidentified undated Series IV Other Publications 1970-1978 0.2 linear feet

This small series includes a 1970 publication on steamboats as well as a 1978 tabloid from the Flathead Lookout Museum. The series also contains a few publications on various historical topics.

This series is arranged chronologically.

 4/1 Steamboat Bill, Number 114, Summer 1970 4/2 Flathead Lake Lookout Museum Tabloid 1978 4/3 Other Publications undated Series V Newspaper Clippings 1955-1968

White collected a few clippings from Montana newspapers on topics of his interest.

This series is arranged chronologically.

 4/4 Newspaper Clippings 1955-1968 4/5 Newspaper article spread, composed of articles from the 1870s from a variety of Montana newspapers, (courtesy of the MT Historical Society) undated Series VI Engineering Drawings 1939 1 folder

This series consists of a 1939 map of a motor passenger boat for Great Northern Railway and an undated map of a machinery floor plan from the Eureka Lumber Co.

 4/6 Motor Passenger Boat of Great Northern Railway, Engineering Drawing undated 4/7 Machinery Plans, Eureka Lumber Company, Engineering Blueprint 1939 Series VII Artifacts 1906-1960 1.0 linear feet and 2 folders

This series includes impressions and tombstone rubbings, a sample of early twentieth-century sheep and pig tags and a display of materials used to make Indian canoes.

 4/8 Impression of an aluminum disk, like the one found at Medicine Rock 1960 4/9 Tombstone rubbing from the possible site of the Rains scouting party tragedy undated OS 5 Sheep and pig tags (Ernest White collection) 1906-1908 OS 5 Display of Indian canoe materials, from Golden Lake, Ontario undated Series VIII Photographs 1877-1976 2.75 linear feet 758 photographs

Many of White's articles also included photographs of excavations or relics. Most of these photos were taken by White, although some are prints from the National Archives or the Montana Historical Society. A separation sheet has been included within the collection for those photos that have been removed from White's articles. The photographs include images of a wide variety of Montana subjects, including artifacts, historical places and people, animals and plants, and Glacier National Park. A set of European photos includes images of France and Belgium in the late 1970s.

The photos are divided into six subseries, based on White's arrangement: General; Boats and Planes; Soldiers, Indians, and Cowboys; Nature and Animals; European; and Going-to-the-Sun Highway. The photos have two types of numbers on them, but are intellectually arranged by subject.

 Subseries 1 General 1889-1979 1.25 linear feet 366 photos

This subseries contains various photographs, many taken by Thain White, that relate to his research and writing; many are Montana subjects.

 137(VIII):1 Mountain Inn, near Somers, Montana (x2) circa 1906 137(VIII):2 Somers Lumber Mill (x2) circa 1913 137(VIII):3 Residence of H.M. Hill, founder of Clancy, Montana (x3) May 1895 137(VIII):4 Lump City, Montana May 1895 137(VIII):5 People outside General Store in Lump City, Montana circa 1906 137(VIII):6 Field near Clancy, Montana 1895 137(VIII):7 People standing around an old tractor circa 1920 137(VIII):8 Piegan sweat house near Browning, Montana September 1900 137(VIII):9 Bird's eye view of Missoula, Montana (used on postcard) 1910 137(VIII):10 Town of Hartford, Montana May 1895 137(VIII):11 Great Tycoon Rock, near Lump City, Montana May 1895 137(VIII):12 Map of Lump Gulch Mining District May 1895 137(VIII):13 Old Pioneer Store at Clancy, Montana May 1895 137(VIII):14 Somers, Montana circa 1906 137(VIII):15 John O'Brien's Mill circa 1904 137(VIII):16 Somers Tie Plant circa 1905 137(VIII):17 Somers Tie Plant from Glacier National Park 1979 137(VIII):18 Gordon Pouliot studies at smoking lodge October 1960 137(VIII):19 Pouliot at smoking lodge October 1960 137(VIII):20 Near George Tinker's house October 1960 137(VIII):21 Rifle barricades near smoking lodge October 1960 137(VIII):22 Rifle shelter, looking north October 1960 137(VIII):23 Close view of ranch October 1960 137(VIII):24 Clearwater Battlefield cartridges 1960 137(VIII):25 Clearwater Battlefield cartridges 1960 137(VIII):26 Horse shoe 1960 137(VIII):27 William Foster grave marker 1960 137(VIII):28 Foster marker looking Northwest 1960 137(VIII):29 Virgil Schmidt at believed site of Lt. Rains and five companions' death 1960 137(VIII):30 Schmidt pointing to army bullets 1960 137(VIII):31 Two loaded, unfired bullets 1960 137(VIII):32 Inscription on monument in memory of Indian casualties 1962 137(VIII):33 Tomb site, Big Hole Battlefield, Montana 1962 137(VIII):34 Big Hole Battlefield National Monument, Montana 1962 137(VIII):35 Big Hole Battlefield National Monument, Montana 1962 137(VIII):36 General area of Nez Perce camp 1951 137(VIII):37 Campsite 1962 137(VIII):38 Campsite 1962 137(VIII):39 Remains of bridge 1962 137(VIII):40 Location of fired cartridges 1962 137(VIII):41 Powder Horn 1962 137(VIII):42 Remington Rolling Block Rifle 1962 137(VIII):43 Seven cartridges from Big Hole 1962 137(VIII):44 Big Hole spur 1962 137(VIII):45 Big Hole spur 1962 137(VIII):46 Relics from siege area and Indian camp area of Big Hole Battlefield 1962 137(VIII):47 Sketch that appeared in the New York Daily Graphic 1963 137(VIII):48 Wolf Mountain Battlefield 1963 137(VIII):49 Panoramic view of Wolf Mountain battle site, (in two parts) 1963 137(VIII):50 Thirteen cartridges from Wolf Mountain battle site 1963 137(VIII):51 "Crooks Hill" monument, looking west, (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):52 "Sioux and Snake Trough," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):53 Near "Conical Hill," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):54 Breast works on "Crooks Hill," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):55 "Little Breast Works," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):56 "Little Breast Works," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):57 "Little Breast Works," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):58 Looking east from "Little Breast Works," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):59 "Packers Rocks," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):60 Looking southeast from "Sioux and Snake Trough," (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):61 Bullets from "Crooks Hill," (Battle of the Rosebud) 1976 137(VIII):62 Bullets, (Battle of the Rosebud) undated 137(VIII):63 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument undated 137(VIII):64 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument, Side One undated 137(VIII):65 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument, Side Two undated 137(VIII):66 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument, Calvary names undated 137(VIII):67 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument, Infantry names undated 137(VIII):68 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument, Seventh Calvary undated 137(VIII):69 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument, Seventh Calvary undated 137(VIII):70 West side of D.H.R. Monument, Bear's Paw Battlefield undated 137(VIII):71 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument undated 137(VIII):72 National Cemetery Custer Battlefield National Monument undated 137(VIII):73 Springfield Rifle, Bear's Paw Battlefield undated 137(VIII):74 Bear's Paw Battlefield monuments undated 137(VIII):75 Bear's Paw Battlefield, looking down Snake Creek undated 137(VIII):76 Bear's Paw Battlefield, looking southwest undated 137(VIII):77 Bear's Paw Battlefield, looking northeast undated 137(VIII):78 Bear's Paw Battlefield, looking southeast undated 137(VIII):79 Montana state highway historical marker 1961 137(VIII):80 Artifacts from Bear's Paw Battlefield undated 137(VIII):81 Artifacts from Bear's Paw Battlefield undated 137(VIII):82 Fired cartridges undated 137(VIII):83 Artifacts from Gordon Pouliot's collection, Bear's Paw Battlefield undated 137(VIII):84 Chief Joseph's camp at 1900 (copy)undated 137(VIII):85 Fort C.J. Smith (copy) undated 137(VIII):86 A copy of "War Scenes" drawn by Peo-Peop Tholekt undated 137(VIII):87 Artifacts, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):88 Looking east, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):89 Location of Nez Perce fortifications, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):90 Relics from Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):91 Relics from Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):92 Cannon ball, similar to those used at Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):93 Winchester Model 1866 Saddle Ring undated 137(VIII):94 Head of a Nez Perce monument undated 137(VIII):95 Nez Perce shaft undated 137(VIII):96 Looking north from the Nez Perce shaft undated 137(VIII):97 Sign near Soldier Pit, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):98 Battle of the Bear's Paw relics undated 137(VIII):99 Battle of the Bear's Paw relics undated 137(VIII):100 36 relics from Battle of the Bear's Paw battlefield undated 137(VIII):101 Relics of the Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):102 0.45 - 70 cartridges fired by the 5th mounted infantry, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):103 Cartridges from cannon position, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):104 Battle of the Bear's Paw, relics undated 137(VIII):105 Relics from troop position undated 137(VIII):106 Five relics, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):107 Looking northwest to Nez Perce shaft, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):108 Cluster of stakes, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):109 Looking north to troop positions and Nez Perce Positions undated 137(VIII):110 Battle of the Bear's Paw battlefield undated 137(VIII):111 Possible location of the 4.62 inch Napoleon gun, Battle of the Bear's Paw, n.dundated 137(VIII):112 Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):113 Relics, Battle of the Bear's Paw 1961 137(VIII):114 Relics, Battle of the Bear's Paw 1961 137(VIII):115 Relics, Battle of the Bear's Paw 1961 137(VIII):116 Paper liners, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):117 Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):118 Battle of the Bear's Paw relics undated 137(VIII):119 Enlargements of relics from Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):120 Enlargements of relics from Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):121 Relics, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):122 Relics, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):123 Iron buckle-ring undated 137(VIII):124 Relics, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):125 102A "Deaths Point" undated 137(VIII):126 Pit 100 looking down coulee towards Snake Creek undated 137(VIII):127 Four fired brass, copper primers undated 137(VIII):128 Bullets, Battle of the Bear's Paw undated 137(VIII):129 Three fired bullets undated 137(VIII):130 Bill Parsons, inside a barricade, Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):131 Looking south, Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):132 Looking south, Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):133 Looking southeast, Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):134 Looking southwest, Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):135 Looking east, Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):136 Looking west, Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):137 Looking southwest from southern edge of Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):138 Looking east along northern perimeter of the boulder barricades undated 137(VIII):139 Looking northwest, Lawyers Canyon in distance and site of Fort Misery School in right undated 137(VIII):140 Looking to the top of Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):141 Relics from Misery Hill - Nez Perce War undated 137(VIII):142 Jay Marshall (left) and Laune Harvey studying a map, exploration of Nez Perce Trail 1975 137(VIII):143 Marshall (left), Harvey (center), and John ? inspecting increment boring samples of a Douglas Fir, exploration of Nez Perce Trail 1975 137(VIII):144 Marshall (left), Harvey (center), and John ? Inspecting increment boring samples of a Douglas Fir, exploration of Nez Perce Trail 1975 137(VIII):145 Marshall (left), Harvey and John ? inspecting a Ponderosa Pine, exploration of Nez Perce Trail 1975 137(VIII):146 Rise of rock, exploration of Nez Perce Trail 1975 137(VIII):147 Old Indian canoe, (copy) undated 137(VIII):148 Kalispell type canoe, from Pacific Northwest Indian Center 1930 137(VIII):149 "Mandan Bull Boat," from The North American Indian 1907-1930 137(VIII):150 "A Mandan Village," photo from Plate I3 Am Oberen 1832-1834, Frankford1930 137(VIII):151 "Kalispell Camp" undated 137(VIII):152 "Kalispell Canoes" undated 137(VIII):153 "Home of the Kalispell" undated 137(VIII):154 "On the Pend d'Oreille" undated 137(VIII):155 "Kalispell Scene" undated 137(VIII):156 Two buildings, Fort Belknap September 1960 137(VIII):157 Close up of right building in 137(VIII):156, an office or living quarters September 1960 137(VIII):158 Close up of left building in 137(VIII):156, perhaps a stable September 1960 137(VIII):159 Close up of left building in 137(VIII):156, perhaps a stable September 1960 137(VIII):160 Aerial of Fort C.F. Smith site, Big Horn River, and Hayfield Fight area 1962 137(VIII):161 Marker of Fort C.F. Smith, erected 1933 1962 137(VIII):162 Looking NE toward the site of the Hayfield Fight, Fort C.F. Smith 1962 137(VIII):163 Looking N over the bank from the fort site, Fort C.F. Smith 1962 137(VIII):164 Fort C.F. Smith, looking N 1962 137(VIII):165 Fort C.F. Smith 1962 137(VIII):166 Ornamental strap worm by officers, Fort C.F. Smith 1962 137(VIII):167 small relics from Fort C.F. Smith 1962 137(VIII):168 Fort C.F. Smith memorial shaft 1962 137(VIII):169 Marker of site of Hay-Corral Battleundated 137(VIII):170 Cartridges located at the site of the Hayfield Fight 1962 137(VIII):171 Relics from Fort C.F. Smith 1962 137(VIII):172 Site of Fort Conrad 1875-1890 1962 137(VIII):173 Looking northeast to the site of Fort Conrad 1962 137(VIII):175 Lone cottonwood at James McDivitt's location 1962 137(VIII):176 Lone cottonwood where James McDivitt had his residence 1962 137(VIII):177 Relics from James McDivitt site near Fort Conrad 1962 137(VIII):178 Relics from James McDivitt site 1962 137(VIII):179 Piece of lead and flat iron 1962 137(VIII):180 Lead device with Indian head penny 1962 137(VIII):181 Lead device with Indian head penny 1962 137(VIII):182 Last of the chimney that was standing in late teens, unidentified people, photo courtesy of Everett Baker, obtained 1967undated 137(VIII):183 Everett Baker at site of the last chimney at Chimney Coulee 1967 137(VIII):184 Looking E, over Chimney Coulee 1967 137(VIII):185 Two men near the site of Chimney Coulee 1967 137(VIII):186 Site of Chimney Coulee 1967 137(VIII):187 Site of Chimney Coulee 1967 137(VIII):188 Two relics from Chimney Coulee 1967 137(VIII):189 Chimney Coulee looking SE 1974 137(VIII):190 Chimney Coulee artifacts 1974 137(VIII):191 Chimney Coulee marker 1975 137(VIII):192 Fort Walch, Wood Mountain Trail marker 1975 137(VIII):193 Medicine Rock as it looks today 1960 137(VIII):194 Medicine Rock as it looks today 1960 137(VIII):195 Old Indian trail at "Shinkoots Rock" 1960 137(VIII):196 Old log cabin that served as a stage stop from 1890s to circa 1910 1960 137(VIII):197 Portion of the map accompanying Volume XII Book I of Pacific's Railway Reports 1968 137(VIII):198 Cleared land which is a portion of the Old Farrey Ranch 1968 137(VIII):199 Location of several stone hearths 1968 137(VIII):200 Portion of "The Wagon Road to Demersville" 1968 137(VIII):201 Remains of Medicine Rock after vandalized 1968 137(VIII):202 An invitation to the editor of the Inter Lake to attend the execution of four Indians in 1890, copy from D.C. Johns collection 1890 137(VIII):203 Wagon road near where J.M. Dunn was murdered 1962 137(VIII):204 Fired .45 cartridge that was located at the site where Pascale killed J.M. Dunn 1962 137(VIII):205 Painting of Charley Reevis, by Sam Whipprud circa 1952 137(VIII):206 Possible site of Spring Hill Stage Station 1971 137(VIII):213 Political Hill perch undated 137(VIII):214 Bull's Place perch #1, west side of US Highway 93, near Lakeside, Montana undated 137(VIII):215 Bull's Place perch #2 undated 137(VIII):216 Bull's Place perch #3 undated 137(VIII):217 Bull's Place perch #4 undated 137(VIII):218 Bull's Place perch #4 undated 137(VIII):219 Crobb's Orchard perch undated 137(VIII):220 Crobb's Orchard perch undated 137(VIII):221 Bill Keseler's Honey and Pear tree undated 137(VIII):222 Deer perch, No. 1, Jack Fisher's Ranch undated 137(VIII):223 Deer perch, No. 2, Jack Fisher's Ranch undated 137(VIII):224 Deer perch, No. 3, Jack Fisher's Ranch undated 137(VIII):225 Howard Glazier's Deer perch undated 137(VIII):226 Perch on Glenn McCarty's place undated 137(VIII):227 Buckhorn, No. 1 undated 137(VIII):228 Buckhorn, No. 2 undated 137(VIII):229 Buckhorn, No. 2 undated 137(VIII):230 Buckhorn, No. 3 undated 137(VIII):231 Remains of cabin where Buckhorn's sister cooked for logging crew; photo by Jon Hutchinson circa 1965 137(VIII):232 Portion of Elmer Koon's cabin; photo by Jon Hutchinson circa 1968 137(VIII):233 Perch, used to store grain for logging horses and to shoot deer from undated 137(VIII):234 Koon's deer perch on Lloyd Anderson's place undated 137(VIII):235 Dale Ebert's deer perch undated 137(VIII):236 Dale Ebert's deer perch undated 137(VIII):237 John Cooley's deer perch undated 137(VIII):238 Doring deer stand, west of Lakeside, Montana 1976 137(VIII):239 Chris Radel's deer stand undated 137(VIII):240 Charles Stubb's Medal, Kalispell, Montana undated 137(VIII):241 Charles Stubb's Medal, Kalispell, Montana; reverse of 137(VIII):240undated 137(VIII):242 Indian Peace Medal (1798), bronze, privately owned undated 137(VIII):243 Rifle pits of the Yellowstone wagon and prospecting expedition (1874) undated 137(VIII):244 Rifle pits of the Yellowstone Wagon Road (1874) 1961 137(VIII):245 Rifle pits near Rosebud Creek 1961 137(VIII):246 Relics found at the "Corral" on the Rosebud camp undated 137(VIII):247 Williams Junction 1973 137(VIII):248 Portion of map from Great Divide by Earl of Ponranen (?), (1874) undated 137(VIII):249 Point of Rock Hotel and Stage Station, 1895 undated 137(VIII):250 Point of Rock Hotel and Stage Station, 1895 undated 137(VIII):251 Stage at Virginia City Montana, from Montana Historical Society undated 137(VIII):252 Freight road to Bannack, Medicine Lodge Road 1973 137(VIII):253 Wagon passing Shenon Hotel undated 137(VIII):254 Fort Benton Stage at Sun River, Helena (from Montana Historical Society) 1885 137(VIII):255 Historical coach of the days of General Custer at the Milwaukee Station, Miles City, Montana - from Ed B. McCurdy collection undated 137(VIII):256 Stage Prickly Pear Canyon (Montana Historical Society) undated 137(VIII):257 Malta Zortman Stage (Montana Historical Society) undated 137(VIII):258 Unidentified mountains undated 137(VIII):259 Fort Benton Stage at 28 Mile Spring (Montana Historical Society) undated 137(VIII):260 Marker for site of Fort Conrad: 1875-1890 undated 137(VIII):261 Unidentified landscape undated 137(VIII):262 Dan J. Pyeatt Junction Idaho 1910 137(VIII):263 divide to Wisdom (S?) Gibbonsville Idaho undated 137(VIII):264 Jae Mongut cabin on Big Lodge Flats near Rollins, Montana, built 1890 1968 137(VIII):265 Idaho Map circa 1904 137(VIII):266 Track repair on Gilmore S Pittsburgh RR in Idaho, (from Dorothy P. Baker)circa 1910 137(VIII):267 track repair on Gilmore S Pittsburgh RR in Idaho, (from Dorothy P. Baker)circa 1910 137(VIII):268 track repair on Gilmore S Pittsburgh RR in Idaho, (from Dorothy P. Baker)circa 1910 137(VIII):269 Salmon City, Idaho (from Dorothy P. Baker) 1910 137(VIII):270 Post office and stage office in Lemhi, Idaho (from Dorothy P. Baker)circa 1885 137(VIII):271 Gilmore Mercantile Company 1973 137(VIII):272 Jaggers Hotel, Gilmore, Idaho 1973 137(VIII):273 Jaggers Hotel, Gilmore, Idaho 1973 137(VIII):274 Last freight wagon to Salmon near Lemhi, Idaho (from Baker) 1912 137(VIII):275 Last freight wagon to Salmon near Lemhi, Idaho (from Baker) 1912 137(VIII):276 Barn that the Red Rock - Salmon River State operated from 1973 137(VIII):277 RR, Gilmore and Pittsburgh, discontinued 1939, (from Baker)undated 137(VIII):278 RR, Gilmore and Pittsburgh, discontinued 1939, (from Baker)undated 137(VIII):279 RR, Gilmore and Pittsburgh, discontinued 1939, (from Baker)undated 137(VIII):280 Junction of highway 29-28, Leadore, Idaho 1973 137(VIII):281 Junction of highway 29-28, Leadore, Idaho 1973 137(VIII):282 Monida-Yellowstone Stage Co., Barn at Monida circa 1898 137(VIII):283 Red Rock Pass 1973 137(VIII):284 Old barn, Yellowstone - Monida Stage Co., Monida 1971 137(VIII):285 Dipping oat of Beardsley Bros., west end of Pine Butte 1973 137(VIII):286 Artifacts from site of Pine Butte Stage Station 1971 137(VIII):287 Artifacts from site of Pine Butte Stage Station 1971 137(VIII):288 Artifacts from site of Pine Butte Stage Station 1971 137(VIII):289 Somers to Polson Stage 1911 137(VIII):290 Stage over Flathead Indian Reservation 1911 137(VIII):291 Ravalli - Polson Stage, near St. Ignatius, Montana undated 137(VIII):292 Allard Stage Line(McKay photo)circa 1910 137(VIII):293 Charlie Allard's Ranch(John's collection)circa 1906 137(VIII):294 John Weightman Livery Stable, built early 1900sundated 137(VIII):295 Charlie Allard's Ranch 1973 137(VIII):296 Stage between Ravalli and Polson, Montana 1906 137(VIII):297 Polson - Ravalli Stage, Montana undated 137(VIII):298 Ravalli Hotel, Montana undated 137(VIII):299 Passenger stage 1912 137(VIII):300 Will Hamer's house, Somers, Montana, built 1891 1970 137(VIII):301 Williams Stage to Ronan-Ravalli 1911 137(VIII):302 Stage coach Polson - Ravalli, Montana 1909-10 137(VIII):303 Map of Flathead Indian Reservation in 1908 undated 74-230 J. Dooley's first post office-Flathead Salish (Theirault Svore photo)undated 74-231 Big Arm, Montana undated 81-37 Buffalo skull and bones on Montana Plains undated 81-38 Sheepherders wagon and scenic butte on Montana Plains undated 81-39 Carriage on Montana Plains undated 81-40 Stockyard, horse, and wagon, and sheepherders wagon undated 81-41 Buffalo skull on Montana Plains undated 81-43 Ranch North of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana (Fred Long Ranch) 1905-1907 81-44 Ed White on horse 1905-1907 81-45 Surveyor's camp on Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana 1905-1907 81-46 Cook house, shearer's camp, J.B. Long Co. 1905-1907 81-47 Evanson's sod barn 1905-1907 81-50 First winter on the Ringling & White Sulphur Springs line 1905-1906 81-51 First winter on the Ringling & White Sulphur Springs line 1905-1906 81-52 Carriage at foot of Hope's Hill, Lakeside, Montana 1901 81-53 Stagecoach between Polson and Ravalli 1901 81-54.1 Lone Indian camp, little heroin with axe, (woman in camp refused to have photo taken) undated 81-55 Surveyor's camp on Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana 1905-1907 81-56 Surveyor on fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana 1905-1907 81-57 Surveyors on fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana 1905-1907 81-58 Surveyors on fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana 1905-1907 81-59 Surveyors on fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana 1905-1907 81-61 Camp outfit and sheep-taken at sunrise, J.B. Long Co. 1905-1907 81-70 Nester's shack near Nashua, Montana 1905-1907 81-71 Indian home Frazer, Montana-only eating place in Frazer 1907 81-72 Ranch north of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, J.B. Long Co. 1905-1907 81-73 Hotel Shannon, Glasgow, Montana 1905-1907 81-74 Glasgow, Montana, Main Street 1905-1907 81-75 Glasgow, Montana-Court House and school 1905-1907 81-76 Dugout just off Fort Peck Indian Reservation, west of Poplar Creek near Scobey, Montana. "Dutch Henry" and his gang holed up here 1907 81-77 James Deegan Store, Frazer, Montana, 1907 "Sod busters" place, 9 miles southwest of Scobey, Montana 1907-1908 81-79 Dan Knopp's store, Oswego, Montana 1905-1907 81-80 Sheepherder's camp outfit, Shorty and Jack 1905-1907 81-81 Sheepherder's camp outfit 1905-1907 81-82 Shearing pens at Frazer, Montana, J.B. Long Co. 1907-1908 81-83 J.B. Long home ranch on Teton River, north Great Falls 1905-1907 81-84 J.B. Long home ranch on Teton River, north Great Falls 1905-1907 81-85 J.B. Long home camp 1905-1907 81-86 Herman Yeaton, chore boy, at home ranch washing clothes, J.B. Long Co. circa 1910 81-88 Sheepherder's wagon 1905-1907 81-89 Sheepherder's wagon, camps are very heavy and are blocked up, the running gear is used to drive to townsite 1905-1907 81-90 Sheepherder's wagon and camp 1905-1907 81-91 Sheepherder's wagon and camp (back from town) 1905-1907 81-92 Sheepherder's wagon and camp, and E. White's horse; J.B. Long Co. 1905-1907 81-93 Hotel Shannon and new sewer pipe, Glasgow, Montana 1905-1907 81-94 Shearers in front of cook house, man on right is deaf and dumb 1905-1907 81-95 Sheep crossing, Lisma's Ferry on Missouri River, 7,000 head took 1.5 days, 100 head at a time 1907 81-96 Frank Dernback and Roanie, sheepherder's wagon and camp, J.B. Long Ranch 1908-1909 81-97 Frank Dernback and Roanie, sheepherder's wagon and camp, J.B. Long Ranch 1908-1909 81-98 Carload of wool hauled about 50 miles undated 81-101 Timmon's residence at Scobey, Montana undated 81-102 Main Street, White Sulphur Springs, Montana 1905-1907 81-103 White Sulphur Springs, Montana, horse pulling sleigh 1905-1907 81-104 Heading to camp with load of cow chips, Long Livestock Co., Teton range, north of Great Falls 1905 81-108 "Sod buster's" house near Scobey, Montana, at head of Police Creek 1907 81-109 Wagons on rail car-new tops on wagons ready to follow sheep to Oswego, Montana, from Fort Benton, Montana. Photo by: Ernest White 1908-1910 81-113 Indian town on the Missouri River bottom, Deer Hills far across river undated 81-114 J.B. Long Ranch 1905-1907 81-115 Sheep wagons, Browning, Montana 1905-1907 81-116 Sheep wagons, Browning, Montana 1905-1907 81-117 Sheep wagons, Browning, Montana 1905-1907 81-118 Sheep wagons, Browning, Montana 1905-1907 83-43 Snyder Hotel on Lake McDonald 1960 Subseries 2 Boats and Planes 1905-1982 0.4 linear feet 131 photos

This subseries contains photographs related to White's research and writing on various boats and planes.

 137(VIII):304 Man on a ferry on Flathead Lake undated 137(VIII):305 Steamboat Crescent on Flathead Lakeundated 137(VIII):306 Ferry on Flathead Lake June 5, 1982 137(VIII):307 Freightboat Helena(steam operated), built by Kehoe and Gagnon circa 1917 137(VIII):308 New Klondike on Flathead Lakeundated 137(VIII):309 Scene at Big Arm, Montana undated 137(VIII):310 A boat called DeSmeton a bridgeundated 137(VIII):311 S.S. Grant built about 1885, used by territorial government and operated as a passenger boat for a short time. Quit about 1890. circa 1885-1890 137(VIII):312 S.S. Bigfork, later called Somers of Polson, built at Bigfork, Montana by Captain Anderson of Somers, Montanacirca 1907-1908 137(VIII):313 Paul Bunyan in a dockundated 137(VIII):314 Unidentified steamboat on a lakeundated 137(VIII):315 S.S. Hodge II on a lakeundated 137(VIII):316 Kootenai in dockundated 137(VIII):317 Unidentified boat at Somers, Montana, with a crowd of people on itundated 137(VIII):318 Star at Woods Bay on point with Ray Newton 1936undated 137(VIII):319 Cassie D with a group of people standing on it, possibly at Glacier Parkundated 137(VIII):320 S.S. Hodge I in dockundated 137(VIII):321 Defiance in dockundated 137(VIII):322 Frank Bird Linderman standing on Domanundated 137(VIII):323 unidentified boat on lake during the Winterundated 137(VIII):324 ABC docked at Melita Islandundated 137(VIII):325 International in dockundated 137(VIII):326 Pile of wood near Terry undated 137(VIII):327 Steamboat Klondyke with passengersundated 137(VIII):328 Group of kids sitting on a group of shipsundated 137(VIII):329 City of Dixon (Steamboat) in dock with 2 men standing on board1912 137(VIII):330 City of Polson(Steamboat) in dock during with a group of men standing on board1912 137(VIII):331 Two men standing in front of an airplane with a boat in the backgroundundated 137(VIII):332 Men unloading an oil rig undated 137(VIII):333 Men unloading an oil rig undated 137(VIII):334 Polson, Montana, steam ferry undated 137(VIII):335 Large group of people standing on board a shipundated 137(VIII):336 Jamming on the Ice-people standing on docks near Polson on Flathead Lakeundated 137(VIII):337 Klondyke in dockundated 137(VIII):338 Boats of some kind being hauled by trucks across landundated 137(VIII):339 Group of people standing on the "the speed boat of them all' the City of Polsonundated 137(VIII):340 Steamboat steaming through the narrows of Flathead Lakeundated 137(VIII):341 Group of people sitting on a Steamboatundated 137(VIII):342 New Klondyke Excursion at Yellow Bay undated 137(VIII):343 Men standing around some docked smaller shipsundated 137(VIII):344 Group of wagons and horses gathered around a docked shipundated 137(VIII):345 Group of people sitting aboard a shipundated 137(VIII):346 the Klondyke on Flathead Lake with a few men standing on itundated 137(VIII):347 Montana docked at Dayton, Montana circa 1911 137(VIII):348 Cassie D docked at Lake McDonald with a group of men sitting on itundated 137(VIII):349 Klondyke on a Lakeundated 137(VIII):350 a man standing aboard the Paul Bunyanundated 137(VIII):351 Unidentified steamship on an unidentified lakeundated 137(VIII):352 Unidentified steamship on an unidentified lakeundated 137(VIII):353 Man on Paul Bunyanundated 137(VIII):354 Man on Paul Bunyanundated 137(VIII):355 Man on Paul Bunyanundated 137(VIII):356 Man on Paul Bunyanundated 137(VIII):357 Large crowd of people gathered around the Klondike undated 137(VIII):358 Group of people gathered around unidentified shipundated 137(VIII):359 People in a car during a parade undated 137(VIII):360 Montana on Flathead Lake circa 1910 137(VIII):361 Montana in dockundated 137(VIII):362 Montana in dock, from a distanceundated 137(VIII):363 People using the Demersville Ferry to cross a river circa 1887 137(VIII):364 Montana undated 137(VIII):365 People preparing a ferry to sailundated 137(VIII):366 Ship preparing to make a mainland landing near Melita Islandundated 137(VIII):367 Men driving a truck into water to unload some type of ferryundated 137(VIII):368 People on a group of boats with a ferry nearbyundated 137(VIII):369 Group of men sitting on a houseboatundated 137(VIII):370 Convention of Montana Banners' Association near Polson, Montana, on Klondike Excursion June 7, 1920 137(VIII):371 Aerial, unidentified group of buildings near a lakeundated 137(VIII):372 Aerial, unidentified group of buildings near a lakeundated 137(VIII):373 Montana on dry land with a few men standing on itundated 137(VIII):374 Dock near Somers, Montana

Previously assigned photo number 74-255

undated 137(VIII):375 People on a dock in Dayton, Montanaundated 137(VIII):376 Group of men sitting on the Ballardundated 137(VIII):377 The Howard Jamesundated 137(VIII):378 Demersville on lake circa 1915 137(VIII):379 Demersville on lake circa 1915 137(VIII):380 Skinkoots coming towards a dockundated 137(VIII):381 Paul Bunyan from a distanceundated 137(VIII):382 Group of people standing aboard The New Klondikeundated 137(VIII):383 Klondike from a distanceundated 137(VIII):384 Klondike in a dockundated 137(VIII):385 Side of the Klondikeundated 137(VIII):386 Ferry or oil rig preparing to go on the waterundated 137(VIII):387 Ship about to dock near Polson, Montana 1908 137(VIII):388 Small group of people in an early speedboat of some kindundated 137(VIII):389 Three men near shore, 1 sitting in an unidentified small boatundated 137(VIII):390 Large crowd of people waiting to board an unidentified shipundated 137(VIII):391 Large crowd of people boarding The New Klondike circa 1921 137(VIII):392 Small boat near Glacier National Parkundated 72-356 Steamboat Kalispell Rollins, Montana on Flathead Lake undated 72-357 Tugboats built for O'Brian Lumber Co., later Somer Lumber Co., Flathead Lake circa 1904 72-358 Steamboat Tom Carver on Flathead Lake undated 72-359 Steamboat City of Dixon on Flathead Lake 1912 74-232 Steamboat Montana at Stoner's Landing, Flathead Lake undated 74-233 Steamboat New Klondike at Safety Island, Flathead Lake, Montanaundated 74-234 Steamboat Montana at Big Arm, Montana on Flathead Lake undated 74-235 New Klondike, Kalispell, and City of Polson at dock in Somers, Montana undated 74-236 Steamboat New Klondike on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 74-237 Steamboat Maryett on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 74-238 Steamers New Klondike and Montana at Somers, Montana on Flathead Lake 1910 74-239 Steamboat Montana on Flathead Lake, Montana circa 1915 74-240 Steamboat New Klondike on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 74-241 Moving a railroad steam engine on a barge on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 74-242 Steamboat Wasco and barge arriving at Polson, Montana 1908 74-243 Steamboat Silver City on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 74-244 Steamboats Mary Ann and State Of Montana at Demersville 1891 74-245 Steamboat New Klondike at Polson, Montana dock on Flathead undated 74-246 Tug Boat Paul Bunyan on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 74-247 Steamboat Helena on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 74-248 Steamboat New Klondike on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 74-249 Steamboats Montana and Flyer at Somers, Montana, dock undated 74-250 Steamboat Kalispell on Flathead Lake, Montana undated 81-48 Lisma's Ferry loaded with sheep 1907 82-226 Unidentified steamship Indian man standing near teepee in winter camp near Flathead Lake. circa 1902 82-228 Unidentified steamship, probably New Klondike on Flathead Lake undated 82-231 Herridult's Ferry on Flathead River just before Flathead Lake, being pushed by boats to Papoose Island, Flathead Lake circa 1955 82-232 Steamship Montana- formerly the Wasco, built at Rollins-on Flathead Lake. undated 82-239 B-10 Martin at city airport, Kalispell circa 1936 82-240 B-10 Martin at city airport, Kalispell circa 1936 82-241 B-10 Martin at city airport, Kalispell circa 1936 82-242 B-10 Martin at city airport, Kalispell. Lone Pine State Park (present) is in the background circa 1936 82-243 Steamship Klondyke, docked with passengers on deck circa 1909 82-244 Tug Paul Bunyan under construction at Somers Lumber Yard. Men left to right are: Gabriel Peterson, Fred West, Hagbord Hansen, Nils Borch circa 1926 82-245 Construction of tug Howard James at Somers Lumber Yard. Built by J. W. Swanson (man in the middle) rebuilt several times till it was replaced by the Paul Bunyan circa 1913 83-41 Ethel on Lake McDonald - built by J.W. Swanson in 1911-named after the niece of Frank Kelley-72 ft. long gas launch undated 83-42 Ethel and Lewtana on Lake McDonald. First boat is the Ethel. Second boat is the Lewtana built by J. W. Swanson, formerly the City of Polson when it ran on Flathead Lake. Moved to Lake McDonald via Flathead Rivercirca 1913-1914 83-44 Steamship Marion at Haleyon, B.C.undated 83-45 Lewtana at dock, Lake McDonald 1920s 83-46 Lewtana at dock, Lake McDonald 1920s 83-47 St. Mary's boat on Upper St. Mary's Lake; looking west just west of Narrows1920 83-48 Cassie D on Lake McDonald. Built by Peterson of Kalispell about 1912 and ran on Flathead Lake-then owned by O'Denney-moved to Lake McDonald in 1914-gas launch 54 ft. By 9.5 ft. circa 1914 83-49 Cassie D on Lake McDonald. Built by Peterson of Kalispell about 1912 and ran on Flathead Lake-then owned by O'Denney-moved to Lake McDonald in 1914-gas launch 54 ft. By 9.5 ft. circa 1914 83-75 KEE-O-MEE on Flathead Lake. Built by J.W. Swanson for Bert Saling and Clifford Sherman. Burned in the early 1930s. Gas launch, named by Harry Stanford-means "a long way" in some Indian language circa 1920-1930 Subseries 3 Soldiers, Indians, and Cowboys 1877-1911 0.6 linear feet 142 photos

This subseries contains photos relating to White's research and writing on the interaction of people in the American west.

 137(VIII):393 Indian man, possibly White Calf, putting a snake into his mouth 1898 137(VIII):394 Joseph's encampment circa 1903 137(VIII):395 "Bloods: The Horn Society of Alberta Indians" circa 1906 137(VIII):396 Chief Joe Healy and Braves from Alberta circa 1906 137(VIII):397 Old time Piegan woman with travois and papoose in Alberta circa 1906 137(VIII):398 Two Indian women pictured in front of teepee. Photo by J. Faheyundated 137(VIII):399 Large group of Indians pictured circa 1909 137(VIII):400 Young Flathead Indian near Arlee, Montana circa 1906 137(VIII):401 Piegan Dancers near Browning, Montana circa 1898 137(VIII):402 Small framed Chief Aeneas circa 1890 137(VIII):403 Small group of Indians pictured including P. Pichette, John Vandenburg, Louis Nine-Pipe, and Ineas Grango. Photo by Carling Maloufundated 137(VIII):404 Unidentified man in a headdress undated 137(VIII):405 Mixed group of unidentified cowboys and Indians circa 1890 137(VIII):406 An Indian family, possibly Thomas Stabs By Mistake and his wife and son. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):407 Group of tepees near St. Mary's Lake in Glacier Park. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):408 Group of tepees near St. Mary's Lake in Glacier Park. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):409 Thomas Stabs By Mistake shooting a bow. Photo by Jane Conwaycirca 1915 137(VIII):410 Group of five Indians sitting on the grass. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):411 Group of five Indians riding horses. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):412 Indians near Cracker Lake. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):413 Indians near Ptarmigan Lake. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):414 Two unidentified Indians. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):415 Indians near Glacier Lake. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):416 Indians near Glacier Park. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):417 Indians near Glacier Park. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):418 Indians near Glacier Park. Photo by Jane Conway around Lake Berg. circa 1915 137(VIII):419 Group of Indians getting ready for a medicine ceremony near Upper St. Mary's Lake. Photo by Jane Conway

Previously assigned photo number 82-227

circa 1915 137(VIII):420 Pack horse carrying lumber through Glacier Park. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):421 Pack horse carrying lumber through Glacier Park. Photo by Jane Conway circa 1915 137(VIII):422 Two unidentified Indians; possibly man and wife? undated 137(VIII):423 Two unidentified Indians in front of tepee with a wagonundated 137(VIII):424 Small group of Indians in an urban settingundated 137(VIII):425 An elderly woman smoking a pipe and with a caneundated 137(VIII):426 Group unidentified male Indians undated 137(VIII):427 Male Indian playing a drum undated 137(VIII):428 White woman and female Indian in front of a large tepeeundated 137(VIII):429 Male Indian with tomahawk undated 137(VIII):430 Large group of encamped Indians undated 137(VIII):431 Male Indian in full headdress undated 137(VIII):432 Two unidentified Indians undated 137(VIII):433 Three unidentified Indians; two older men, one childundated 137(VIII):434 Unidentified Indians dancing in some type of ceremonyundated 137(VIII):435 Group four unidentified Indians; 2 male, 2 femaleundated 137(VIII):436 Two horses, one with a small child in a papoose and an older woman standing next to themundated 137(VIII):437 Several unidentified Indians on horsebackundated 137(VIII):438 Single white horse, possibly Indian Palace Carundated 137(VIII):439 Unidentified Indians dancing in some type of ceremonyundated 137(VIII):440 Two unidentified Indians in front of some incomplete structure, possibly earth lodgeundated 137(VIII):441 Large group of unidentified Indiansundated 137(VIII):443 A large encampment of tepees pictured from afarundated 137(VIII):444 Pile of old junk including a skull, chair, chest of drawers and shelvesundated 137(VIII):445 An unidentified male Indian undated 137(VIII):446 Group seven unidentified male Indiansundated 137(VIII):447 White woman along with a family of unidentified Indiansundated 137(VIII):448 Unidentified Indian man and his sonundated 137(VIII):449 Unidentified Indian man undated 137(VIII):450 Group a large group of Indians and one white man on a horseundated 137(VIII):451 Two unidentified elderly Indian womenundated 137(VIII):452 An unidentified Indian man and his young daughter in front of a horseundated 137(VIII):453 Two Indian women cleaning, with tepee in backgroundundated 137(VIII):454 Elderly Indian women with cane and pipeundated 137(VIII):455 Three unidentified Indians; 2 male, 1 femaleundated 137(VIII):456 Unidentified male Indian in headdressundated 137(VIII):457 Group four unidentified Indians; 2 male, 2 femaleundated 137(VIII):458 Lone male Indianundated 137(VIII):459 Group two unidentified female Indians with one young girl in front of tepeeundated 137(VIII):460 Large group of unidentified Indians, most seatedundated 137(VIII):461 Unidentified male Indian undated 137(VIII):462 An unfinished earth lodge undated 137(VIII):463 Large group of unidentified Indiansundated 137(VIII):464 Unidentified female Indian carrying something on her backundated 137(VIII):465 Older unidentified male Indian in headdressundated 137(VIII):466 Two unidentified women (one with pipe) and one childundated 137(VIII):467 Group Indian children undated 137(VIII):468 Two Indian children in a field undated 137(VIII):469 Group of unidentified Indian males seated and smoking a pipeundated 137(VIII):470 A group, possibly trying raise a tepee, while one man stands on top of itundated 137(VIII):471 Indian, possibly White Calf, putting a snake into his mouth (same as #393)1898 137(VIII):472 Chief Lawyer (copy) circa 1880s 137(VIII):473 John Delaware, Flathead (copy)1877 137(VIII):474 Kootenai Indian and canoe on Kootenai River in Idaho (from R.H. McKay collection) undated 137(VIII):475 Left to right: Crawford, Corky Jones and unknown, photo courtesy of Everett Baker and George Sheperd undated 137(VIII):476 Photo from N.W. Mounted Police, from Baker undated 137(VIII):477 Photo from N.W. Mounted Police, from Baker undated 137(VIII):478 Indians near Flathead Lake, on left is Bill Savio, woman with cane is Kookooslotale undated 137(VIII):479 Pierre Paul, Lala See, Pacale and Antley, hanged in Missoula, from D.C. Johns collection1890 137(VIII):480 Captain D.B. Wilson and "Buffalo Soldiers" at Demersville, copy from Johns collection1890 137(VIII):481 Captain D.B. Wilson and "Buffalo Soldiers" at Demersville, copy from Johns collection, enlargement of 137(VIII):4801890 137(VIII):482 "Chief Aeneas and part of band" looking NW, main street, Kalispell, from Johns collection1892 137(VIII):483 "Cap. Wilson Lieut and Dr. Cole colored troops from Ft. Missoula soldiers and Camp Demersville" from Johns collection1890 137(VIII):484 North side of main street showing two blocks of Demersville 1891 137(VIII):485 Left to right: Hank Norris, Martin Hawkins, Joe Kipp and an unidentified doctor, from Fred Hawkins collection1898 137(VIII):486 Dan Knapp and his horses on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation at Oswego, photo by Ernest White circa 1906 137(VIII):487 Ernest White's horses with unidentified cowboy 1907 137(VIII):488 Man picking up cow chips for fuel 1907 137(VIII):489 Horse, probably on Fort Peck Indian Reservation, photo by Ernest White 1907 137(VIII):490 Lawina Medicine Cloud, photo courtesy of J.L. Long undated 137(VIII):491 Chief Lone Dog, photo courtesy of Mrs. Walking eagle, Poplar, Montanaundated 137(VIII):492 Crow Indians branding cattle, photo courtesy of Montana Historical Society 1890 137(VIII):493 Branding cattle when 1530 head were issued to the Indians of Fort Belknap, photo courtesy of Montana Historical Society circa 1900 137(VIII):494 Indians branding cattle near the Sarcee Indian Reserve of southwest Calgary (from the Glenbow Institute, Calgary)circa 1890 137(VIII):506 Harry Frank Dwelle (center) and others(from Dwelle)circa 1898-1905 137(VIII):507 Elmo Co., driver Bob Vinvent circa 1910 137(VIII):508 Driver Tom Mueli at Dayton, Montana 1910-1911 137(VIII):509 Heading for Somers 1911 137(VIII):510 Harry Frank Dwelle shortly after he sold Grayling Inn undated 137(VIII):511 Flathead dancer 1908 137(VIII):512 Large group of Flathead Indians pictured undated 137(VIII):513 Medicine Lodge undated 137(VIII):514 Two Flathead Indians pictured 1908 137(VIII):515 Group the Horn Society of Flathead Indians 1907 137(VIII):516 Chief Joe Healy and Braves 1907 137(VIII):517 Group of Indians, including Chief Aeneas 1892 137(VIII):518 Indian on horseback circa 1908 137(VIII):519 Indian encampment 1898 137(VIII):520 Group Flatheads on horseback undated 137(VIII):521 Group, likely ranchers and farmers undated 137(VIII):522 Baptise Mathias (Kootenai Chief) and two other Indians pictured undated 137(VIII):523 Group Indians, including Baptise Mathias ?1930? 137(VIII):524 Stagecoach "Camas to Plains," Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana circa 1910 137(VIII):525 Piegan woman with travois and papoose with child 1906 137(VIII):526 Group Dancers of Somers, Montana circa 1909 137(VIII):527 Two unidentified Indians undated 137(VIII):528 Two male Flathead Indians undated 137(VIII):529 Group of Indians pictured at Spotted Eagle's Camp undated 137(VIII):530 Group Blackfoot Indian Braves undated 137(VIII):531 Unknown Indian wearing headdress undated 137(VIII):531a Suzette, wife of Kustata (x2) undated 137(VIII):531b Chief Aeneas (x2) undated 137(VIII):531c Chief Isaac, brother to Kustata (x2)undated 137(VIII):531d Chief Kustata (x2) 81-36 Unknown man on Eastern Montana Plains undated 81-42 J.J. Barnes and family, Fred Long sheep camp on Pondera Creek, Montana 1909 81-44 Ed White on horse 1905-1907 81-49 Camp tender gathering cow chips for fuel on the Teton River, Montana, J.B. Long Co. 1905 81-60 Gambler, later a herder for J.B. Long Co. 1905-1907 81-64 Mike and the Kit foxes on Police Creek, Montana 1909-1910 81-66 Ed Dent and pups 1905-1907 81-99 Woman standing is Mrs. Charging Dog with husband on her left, Bad Hawk, in light clothing; Oswego, Montana; at railroad depot 1907 81-100 Dan Knopp and his saddle horses at Oswego, Montana 1907 81-105 Man and horse on Eastern Montana plains undated 81-107 Unidentified group of people, eastern MT undated Subseries 4 Nature and Animals 1898-1973 0.2 linear feet 59 photos

This subseries contains photographs of nature scenes and various animals, mostly in Montana.

 137(VIII):532 Dog standing on the edge of a dock circa 1940 137(VIII):533 Bridge across the Pend d'Oreille in Polson, Montana 1920 137(VIII):534 Photo at Lake and Flathead County line 1905 137(VIII):535 Men cutting ice near Polson, Montana 1912 137(VIII):536 Pend d'Oreille near Polson, Montana circa 1937 137(VIII):537 Stone masons from Butte, Montana, at Narrows of St. Mary's Lake circa 1932 137(VIII):538 Type of pond weed in Flathead Lakeundated 137(VIII):539 Coyote carcass twisted up in fence, "Death on Fence" 1959 137(VIII):540 Narrows of St. Mary's Lake (upper), two men pictured in the distance circa 1898 137(VIII):541 Typical buffalo country on the Frenchman River, Canada 1960 137(VIII):542 Looking up North Fork Big Hole toward Trail Creek 1962 137(VIII):543 Looking east up the Selway River, Idaho undated 137(VIII):544 Looking 20 degrees South, exploration of Nez Perce Trail 1975 137(VIII):545 "Crossing the Lake-Kootenai," (Historical Society of Montana) circa 1909 137(VIII):546 "Crossing the Pend d'Oreille-Kalispell" undated 137(VIII):547 "Country of the Kootenai" undated 137(VIII):548 Medicine Rock Pass 1968 137(VIII):549 Lithograph "Flathead Lake Looking Southward" 1968 137(VIII):550 View of Flathead Lake 1968 137(VIII):551 Looking southward, Flathead Lake west shore 1968 137(VIII):552 Flathead Lake, showing Miller Point in distant center 1968 137(VIII):553 Douglas Island, Miller Point and Table Bay 1968 137(VIII):554 Flathead Lake 1968 137(VIII):555 Medicine Rock Pass in distance 1968 137(VIII):556 Location where Pacale reportedly covered J.M. Dunn with brush, also where the cartridge was located 1962 137(VIII):557 Man wandering around near soldier's campundated 137(VIII):558 Dan Knapp's horses on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, unknown herdsman circa 1906 137(VIII):559 Ernest White's horse he bought from Dan Knapp 1907 137(VIII):560 White's horses 1907 137(VIII):561 White's horses 1907 137(VIII):562 Looking toward Rosebud Creek 1961 137(VIII):563 Williams Junction 1973 137(VIII):564 Near Miles City or Billings, Montana undated 137(VIII):565 Near Helena, heading for White Sulphur Spring (MT Historical Society) undated 137(VIII):566 Tree 1906 137(VIII):567 Pleasant Valley, Idaho 1973 137(VIII):568 Pleasant Valley, Idaho 1973 137(VIII):569 Medicine Lodge Pass 1973 137(VIII):570 Gilmore, Idaho 1973 137(VIII):571 Gilmore, Idaho 1973 137(VIII):572 Point of rocks, as of 1973 137(VIII):573 pusher on Gilmore and Pittsburgh L. Bannock Pass, circa 1920 (from Baker) 137(VIII):574 Pine Butte, north side 1973 137(VIII):575 East end of Pine Butte 1973 137(VIII):576 Polson, Montana undated 137(VIII):576a Oil rig near Kintla Lake, North Fork of the Flathead, Montana circa 1925 81-34 J.J. Barnes, Pondera Creek, Montana 1909 81-35 View of Montana Plains undated 81-62 7,000 lambs on trail, J.B. Long Co. 1905-1907 81-63 7,000 lambs on trail, J.B. Long Co. 1905-1907 81-65 View of Milk River with Nashua in center distance 1905-1907 81-67 3,000 "big weathers" on Basin Coulee 1905-1907 81-68 Bad land hill 1905-1907 81-69 Imported Percheron horse 1905-1907 81-87 3,000 sheep on Nelson's Reservoir, Montana undated 81-106 Sheep being brought across river by small boat undated 81-110 Sheep on new bridge (cement floor cost $101,000) between Big Arm and Polson 1929 81-111 Sheep on new bridge (cement floor cost $101,000) between Big Arm and Polson 1929 81-112 Sheep of Flathead Lake Sheep Company headed east for hay on Polson street 1929 82-248 Oil rig in what is now Glacier Park. Perhaps the Butte or Kintla oil well near head of Kintla Lakecirca 1925 Subseries 5 European 1914-1978 0.2 linear feet 47 photos

This subseries contains photos of European subjects.

 137(VIII):494a Hellfire corner, on the Main Road, Belgium 1917 137(VIII):494b Hellfire corner, on the Main Road, Belgium 1917 137(VIII):494c Ruins of the cathedral at Albert France 1916 137(VIII):494d Ruins of the cathedral at Albert France 1978 137(VIII):495 British cavalry passing the ruined basilica of Notre Dame de Brebieres, Albert, France October 8, 1918 137(VIII):495a Notre Dame de Brebieres, Albert, France 1978 137(VIII):495b British military band playing in the Grand Place in Arras, France April 29, 1917 137(VIII):495c Grand Place in Arras, France 1978 137(VIII):496 Four American Doughboys running from artillery fire, Exermont, France 1918 137(VIII):497 American troops advancing toward Sedan, Thelonne, France October 1918 137(VIII):498 Thelonne, France 1978 137(VIII):499 British cavalry passing the ruined basilica of Notre Dame de Brebieres, Albert, France August 8, 1918 137(VIII):500 Notre Dame 1978 137(VIII):501 Belgian cavalry in Farness 1914 137(VIII):502 German troops of the 18th Division, IX Corps, in the Grand Place, Mons, Belgium August 24, 1914 137(VIII):503 Casualties outside a church, Peruyse, Belgium November 1, 1914 137(VIII):504 British troops at Ypres, Belgium October 13, 1914 137(VIII):505 Battle of Menin Road Ridge, German prisoners being marched through the Cathedral Square, Ypres, Belgium September 20, 1917 137(VIII):577 Exermont, France 1978 137(VIII):578 Bailleul, France 1918 137(VIII):579 Bailleul, France 1978 137(VIII):580 Furness, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):581 King George, King Albert, Prince of Wales and Queen Mary, Furness, Belgium 1914 137(VIII):582 Furness, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):583 King George, King Albert and the Prince of Wales, Furness, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):584 Furness, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):585 Mons, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):586 Peruyse, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):587 Zillebeke Road, Ypres, Belgium October 15, 1914 137(VIII):588 Zillebeke Road, Ypres, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):589 Capture of Cambrai, France October 9, 1918 137(VIII):590 Cambrai, France 1978 137(VIII):591 United Art Volunteer Rifles, marching in London March 1915 137(VIII):592 London 1978 137(VIII):593 British Royal Naval machine gun cars in the square at Furnes, Belgium 1914 137(VIII):594 Furnes, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):595 Lous, France September 28, 1915 137(VIII):596 Lous, France 1978 137(VIII):597 "Death in the Afternoon," after fighting in Cambrai, France circa 1917-1918 137(VIII):598 Ruins in the square at Cambrai, France October 23, 1918 137(VIII):599 Cambrai, France 1978 137(VIII):600 Ypres, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):601 Thiacourt Regnieville, France 1918 137(VIII):602 Thaicourt Regnieville, France 1978 137(VIII):603 Ypres, Belgium, Cloth Hall 1915 137(VIII):604 Ypres, Belgium, Cloth Hall 1978 137(VIII):605 Ypres, Belgium 1978 137(VIII):606 Belgium 1978 Subseries 6 Going-to-the-Sun Highway circa 1931 0.1 linear feet 17 photos

This subseries contains photos of various scenes at Glacier National Park in Montana.

 137(VIII):607 Homer Halverson with tractor circa 1931 137(VIII):608 Oil rig on lake circa 1931 137(VIII):609 Group of unidentified men standing by two old cars circa 1931 137(VIII):610 Oil rig on lake circa 1931 137(VIII):611 Jim Roland standing on some type of forestry equipment circa 1931 137(VIII):612 Miners at excavating site circa 1931 137(VIII):613 Near Upper St. Mary's Lake Narrows circa 1931 137(VIII):614 Near Upper St. Mary's Lake Narrows circa 1931 137(VIII):615 Men at ranger station circa 1931 137(VIII):616 A boat in dock at an unidentified lakecirca 1931 137(VIII):617 Oil rig near shore of unidentified lakecirca 1931 137(VIII):618 Oil rig near shore of unidentified lakecirca 1931 137(VIII):619 Forest Rangers digging circa 1931 137(VIII):620 One mile west of Narrows of Upper St. Mary's Lake in Glacier Park circa 1931 137(VIII):621 Two men piling logs circa 1931 137(VIII):622 Encampmentcirca 1931 137(VIII):623 Piegan or half way between Sun Camp South Logan Pass circa 1931