University of Montana, Mansfield Library, Archives and Special Collections
The University of Montana--Missoula
Missoula, MT 59812
406-243-2053
http://www.lib.umt.edu/dept/arch/arch.htm
library.archives@umontana.edu
Mss 238
Wunderlich, Herbert J., 1906-2002
Herbert J. Wunderlich
papers
1890-1999
19.0 linear feet
Herbert J. Wunderlich participated in the
U.S. occupation of Japan after World War II; he developed standards for postwar
Japanese textbooks. The collection centers on Wunderlich's time in Japan during
World War II, his activities under General MacArthur, and his subsequent
writings on these subjects.
Materials are in
English and
Japanese
Biographical Note
Born in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho on May 9, 1906, Herbert John Wunderlich
graduated from the University of Idaho in 1928 with a B.A. in U. S. History. He
received an M.A. from Harvard University in 1934. From 1936 through 1938,
Wunderlich was the Assistant Dean of Men at the University of Washington. Later,
he was Executive Assistant to the President and the Dean of Men at The
University of Idaho from 1938 to 1942. In 1942, Wunderlich joined the
United States Navy, eventually attaining the rank of Commander. His last
assignment, through 1946, was in Tokyo under General Douglas MacArthur where
he became the Civil Information and Education Section officer in charge of
textbook revision for the national schools of Japan.
The Potsdam Declaration of July 26, 1945, established that the Japanese
government would remove all obstacles to the strengthening of democratic
tendencies among the Japanese. Freedom of speech, religion, and thought were to
be established. The United States Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan,
August 29, 1945, further directed that militarism and ultra-nationalism should
be eliminated from the educational system. On October 2, 1945, MacArthur
ordered the General Education Section to make recommendations to insure the
elimination of militarism and ultra-nationalism and to disseminate democratic
principles. Wunderlich and his staff were to develop criteria for textbook and
curriculum revision, a procedure for reviewing and approving national
textbooks, staff study on Japanese morale (Shushin), Japanese history and
geography texts and curriculum, interim textbooks and teaching materials,
vocational and university textbooks, and the education mission to Japan.
Following his return stateside, Wunderlich was employed by Stanford
University where he was in charge of Stanford Village, the University's veteran
housing project. He received his Doctor of Education degree from Stanford in
1952. At the end of 1948, he took the position of Dean of Students and
Professor of Education at Montana State University in Missoula (now known as
The University of Montana-Missoula). Wunderlich left Montana in 1955 to pursue
other interests, including positions as the Dean of Students at Kansas State
University and as the Vice President of the University of South Florida at
Tampa.
Wunderlich eventually returned to Idaho and lived there until his death in
2002.
The collection centers on Wunderlich's time in Japan during World War
II, his activities under General MacArthur, and his subsequent writings on
these subjects. Materials include correspondence, printed materials, clippings,
maps, publications, a sculpture, photos, artwork, and other memorabilia. Many
portions of the collection, particularly the publications, are in Japanese.
The collection is divided into eleven series:
Series I: General Correspondence, 5 items, 1955-1988
Series II: Printed Materials, 0.25 linear feet, 1944-1946
Series III: School Notes/Records, 0.5 linear feet, 1944-1946
Series IV: Dissertation and Other Writings, 1.75 linear feet,
1945-1984
Series V: Clippings, 1.1 linear feet, 1943-1990
Series VI: Maps, 2.5 linear feet, 1943-1945
Series VII: The Wunderlich Collection, 1 linear foot and 3 microfilm
reels, 1890-1946 and 1986
Series VIII: Publications, 1.5 linear feet, 1927-1999
Series IX: Artifacts, 9 linear feet, undated
Series X: Harry Wray Research Materials, 2 folders, 1945-1986
Series XI: Photographs, Art, and Memorabilia, 1.5 linear feet,
1945-1986 and undated
Researchers must use collection in accordance with the policies of
Archives and Special Collections, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, and
The University of Montana--Missoula.
Researchers are responsible for using in accordance with 17 U.S.C. and
any other applicable statutes. Copyright transferred to The University of
Montana.
[Name of document or photograph number], Herbert J. Wunderlich Papers,
Archives and Special Collections, Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, The
University of Montana--Missoula.
Wunderlich donated the first portion of the collection to The
University of Montana in 1989. The bronze bust of Wunderlich was given to the
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center at The University of Montana. In 2004
additions to the collection were picked up at the Wunderlich home in Idaho and
transferred to the Archives.
Gift of Herbert J. Wunderlich, 1989. Additional papers donated by his
wife, Helen Wunderlich, in 2004
The actions of the original processors are unknown. In 1997, the
collection was re-described, with the basic organization of previous processors
retained. In 2008, the additional materials acquired in 2004 were integrated
into the previously processed collection. In 2014, a box of Wunderlich's personal books and pamphlets, some with annotations, was added to the collection. Additional published materials and ephemera were added to the collection in 2016.
This collection is indexed under the following headings in the online
catalog. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons, or
places should search the catalog using these headings.
Americans--Japan
Democracy--Japan
Education and
state--Japan
Militarism--Japan
Nationalism and
education--Japan
Reconstruction
(1939-1951)--Japan
Textbooks--Censorship--Japan
Japan--History--Allied
occupation, 1945-1952
United States.
Navy--Foreign service--Japan
United States.
Navy--Officers
Supreme Commander for the
Allied Powers. Civil Information and Education Section
University of
Idaho--Alumni and alumnae
Artifacts
Maps
International Relations
Related Materials
Herbert Wunderlich's dissertation
The Japanese textbook problem and solution, 1945-1946 is
held by Stanford University.
Series I
General Correspondence
1955-1988
5 items
Correspondence relates to recollections of Wunderlich's career
and his donations of materials to the Hoover Library at Stanford University and
to the Mansfield Center at the University of Montana-Missoula.
1/1
1955-1988
Series II
Printed Materials
1944-1946
0.25 linear feet
This series consists of printed materials produced by the U.S.
government, mostly concerning civil affairs training for military personnel
stationed in Japan.
1/2
Civil Affairs Handbook, Japan
1944
1/3
Civil Affairs Staging Area-Staff
& Plan, Japan
1944
1/4
Japanese Language Instruction
1944
1/5
Civil Affairs Handbook
1945
1/6
Normal School Statistics
1946
1/7
United States Military Government
in Korea
1946
Series III
School Notes/Records
1944-1946
0.5 linear feet
Includes course materials (syllabi, bibliographies, lists of films
shown) for the Civil Affairs Training School at the University of Chicago. Most
are concerned with practical subjects like economics and language, but there
are also materials on the character of the Japanese people. Other materials are
from the University of Michigan, the University of Wisconsin, and Columbia
University; they were apparently used at the Civil Affairs Training School in
Chicago. There are copies of four books: one on Chinese character writing, and
three on Japanese language:
Introduction to Japanese Writing,
Japanese Language Handbook, and
Introduction to Spoken Japanese.
1/8
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago
1944
1/9
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago
1944
1/10
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago
1944-1945
1/11
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago
1944-1945
1/12
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago
1944
1/13
Civil Affairs Training School
(Bloch)
1944
1/14
Civil Affairs Training School,
(Borton)
1944
1/15
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago, (Buchanan)
1944
1/16
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago, (Embree)
1944
1/17
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago, (Embree)
1944
2/1
Civil Affairs Training School,
(Jones)
1944
2/2
Civil Affairs Training School,
University of Chicago, (McNair)
1944
2/3
Charts for the Writing of Chinese Characters
1943
2/4
Japanese Language books
1942-1945
2/5
Notes on Japanese Culture
1946
Series IV
Dissertation and Other Writings
1945-1984
1.75 linear feet
This series includes two typescripts of Wunderlich's 1952
dissertation,
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution, 1945-1946:
one draft from June of 1952 and another, more complete draft from July of the
same year, as well as additional materials related to his dissertation
research. It also contains a typescript of the 1984 manuscript,
Reminiscences of Occupation, in English, along with
Gary Tsuchimochi's Japanese translations. Other materials include the
transcript of a 1953 speech by Wunderlich, miscellaneous handwritten notes, and
a ledger in which he kept his journal in 1945 and 1946.
2/6
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter I
1952
2/7
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter II
1952
2/8
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter III
1952
2/9
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter IV
1952
2/10
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter V
1952
2/11
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter VI
1952
2/12
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter VII
1952
2/13
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter VIII
1952
2/14
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter IX
1952
2/15
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter X
1952
2/16
Dissertation research materials
1946
and undated
2/17
Reminiscences of Occupation, pp.
1-38
1984
2/18
Reminiscences of Occupation, pp.
39-77
1984
12/1
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Title Page, Table of Contents, and Chapter 1
July, 1952
12/2
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 2
July, 1952
12/3
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 3
July, 1952
12/4
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 4
July, 1952
12/5
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 5
July, 1952
12/6
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 6
July, 1952
12/7
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 7
July, 1952
12/8
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 8
July, 1952
12/9
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 9
July, 1952
12/10
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Chapter 10
July, 1952
12/11
The Japanese Textbook Problem and Solution,
1945-1946, Bibliography and Appendices
July, 1952
12/12
Miscellaneous dissertation
materials
undated
12/13
Additional Writings: 1953 Phi
Beta Kappa Address, various handwritten notes
1953-1983
OS 13
Psychological Warfare Branch
ledger (Wunderlich's journal)
1945-1946
Series V
Clippings
1943-1990
1.1 linear feet
This series consists of clippings from popular magazines and
newspapers on Japan, education, and Wunderlich himself.
2/19
Clippings
1943-1990
OS 14
Souvenir copy of Honolulu
Star-Bulletin, December 7, 1941
circa 1987
OS 14
Pittsburgh
Sun-Telegraph
August 15, 1945
Series VI
Maps
1943-1945
2.5 linear feet
This series is composed of maps of Japan, China, nearby areas, and
Europe during the late years of World War II. Many are produced by the Japanese
or American governments, and offer details of population, agricultural
production, education, and roads and cities. One group of maps also details
American military operations in both Japan and Europe between 1943 and
1945.
They are arranged chronologically.
2/20
Japan & China
1945
2/21
China Coast & Japan
1945
OS 3/1
Newsmap, North Burma
1943
OS 3/2
Newsmap, Bismarck Sea
1944
OS 3/3
Southeast Asia
1944
OS 3/4
Population Map of Japan
undated
OS 4/1
Naval War Map, No. 2-South China
Sea Area
undated
OS 4/2
Naval War Map, No. 4-The North
Pacific Area
undated
OS 4/3
Planning Maps-Australasia
undated
OS 4/4
Target Tokyo Maps-Japan
undated
OS 4/5
The World At War
1943
OS 5/1
Light Tanks and Self-Propelled
Weapons
February 1943
OS 5/2
Heavy, Medium, and Light Armored
Cars
March 1943
OS 5/3
Gas
March 1943
OS 5/4
British Aircraft
April 1943
OS 5/5
Tunisia
April 1943
OS 5/6
Foxholes
April 1943
OS 5/7
Army Specialized Training Program
May
1943
OS 6/1
"Secret" Weapons (enemy agents)
June
1943
OS 6/2
Disease in the Tropics
June
1943
OS 6/3
Battle Area on the Eastern Front
July
1943
OS 6/4
Gas
July
1943
OS 6/5
The Pacific and Far East
July
1943
OS 6/6
Beyond Sunny Italy
August 1943
OS 6/7
Progress of the War
September 1943
OS 7/1
Typical German Infantry Regiment
October 1943
OS 7/2
Target Berlin
October 1943
OS 7/3
Northern Italy
November 1943
OS 7/4
Malaria
November 1943
OS 7/5
Southeastern Europe
April 1944
OS 7/6
Home Front Production
May
1944
OS 7/7
Four Approaches to Japan
May
1944
OS 7/8
New Guinea
May
1944
OS 7/9
New Guinea (overseas edition)
June
1944
Series VII
The Wunderlich
Collection
1890-1946 and 1986
1.0 linear foot and 3 reels
of microfilm
This series includes working papers, records of meetings, staff
studies, Mombusho Horei and reports, Japanese historical documents, personal
letters, observations and speeches of Japanese scholars and leaders, digests
and clippings of Japanese newspapers from the period, and Wunderlich's personal
journal. Entitled the "Wunderlich Collection" (either by Wunderlich himself, or
by National Institute of Educational Research of Japan, which microfilmed the
documents in 1986 in an effort to re-construct the history of postwar education
in Japan), the documents were compiled by Wunderlich during the first six
months (1945-1946) of the occupation of Japan. Wunderlich used these materials
to produce both his 1952 dissertation and his Reminiscences of Occupation (See
Series IV). This series includes a copy of the microfilm produced by the
National Institute of Educational Research of Japan.
8/1
Background / Introduction to the
microfilm of The Wunderlich Collection of Documents
undated
8/2
A-Civil Information &
Education Section
1945-1946
8/3
B-Japanese Textbooks
1945-1946.
8/4
C-Suspension of Morals (Shushin)
Japanese History and Geography
1945-1946
8/5
D-Charts in Color Code Used in
Screening Japanese Textbooks
1945-1946
8/6
E-
Kokutai No Hongi (Fundamental Principles Of
National Structure)
1945-1946
8/7
F-Democratization of Education
1945-1946
8/8
G-Japanese Opinion
1945-1946
8/9
H-Translations of Japanese Press
on Education Reform
1945-1946
8/10
I-Newspaper Clippings
1945
8/11
J-Mombusho Reports and Surveys
1945-1946
8/12
K-Japanese Textbook Regulations
1945-1946
9/1
L-Japanese School Regulations
1935-1943
9/2
M-Japanese School Regulations
1914-1944
9/3
N-Mombusho Course Regulations and
Objectives
1937-1944
9/4
O-Japanese School Discipline
1902-1938
9/5
P-Japanese Civil Service
1898-1941
9/6
Q-Japanese Historical Documents
1890-1946
9/7
R-U.S. Education Mission
1946
9/8
S-Japanese Universities
1897-1946
9/9
Excerpts from Textbooks
undated
9/10
T-Personal
Memorabilia
1944-1990
Series VIII
Publications
1927-1999
1.5 linear feet
This series consists of publications in English and Japanese, most
of which regard Japanese education. They range from a student paper from the
University of Florida to copies of the Research Bulletin of Educational History
of the Allied Occupation of Japan. There are also numerous military and civil
affairs manuals dating from 1940 to 1944, several pamphlets and several books. There is also one linear foot of unsorted books, pamphlets, and ephemera including Japanese travel books, educational manuals,
Japanese language books,
10/1
Publications
1962-1990
Articles in Japanese and English. Authors include Hideo Sato,
Gary Tsuchimochi, George Stoddard, Mark T. Orr, and J. Owen Gauntlett.
10/2
Research Bulletin of Educational History of the Allied
Occupation of Japan
June
1986
10/3
List of Titles of Civil Information & Education
Bulletin
undated
10/4
[publication in Japanese]
undated
10/5
The staffs rosters and organization charts of Civil
Information and Education Section
undated
10/6
[publication in Japanese]
undated
10/7
Fukuzawa Yukichi on Education
1985
10/8
[publication in Japanese]
undated
10/9
[publication in Japanese]
undated
10/10
Civil Affairs Manual
1944
10/11
Basic Field Manual: Rules of Land Warfare
1940
10/12
Standard Policy and Procedure for Combined Civil Affairs
Operations in North West Europe (2 copies)
1944
10/13
United States Army and Navy Manual of Military Government
and Civil Affairs
1943
10/14
Civil Affairs Studies: Illustrative Cases from Military
Occupations
1944
10/15
Manual for Officer Students of the United States Naval
Reserve
1943
10/16
Suye Mura: A Japanese Village
1939
10/17
Symbols Appearing on Original Japanese Maps of All Scales
and on AMS Publications of Japanese Areas
1944
26
Unsorted books, pamphlets, and ephemera
1927-1991
Series IX
Artifacts
undated
9 linear feet
This series includes a bronze bust of Wunderlich sculpted by
George Carlson and given to the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center at The
University of Montana. Other materials are mostly from Wunderlich's time in
Japan, including art and craft items, military artifacts, and a kimono.
11
Carlson, George
Bronze bust of Wunderlich
undated
17
Painting on square wooden tray of
Onnagata, female impersonator, by Sharaku.
undated
18
Samurai Short Sword and
Stand
undated
OS 19
Black Kimono
undated
20
Black vase, irregular oval shape;
surface finish dulled and scratched
undated
OS 21
Cloth artifacts (possibly belong
with kimono)
undated
22
Naval Epaulette - Gold and Red;
Japanese script on underside
undated
23
Paper, Wood and Plastic Fan -
Silver with red, blue, green, and pink leaf and floral design
undated
23
Paper and Wood Fan - Green with
pink floral design
undated
OS 24
Paper and Wood Fan with wooden
stand, Red and Gold Floral design, in box labeled Mitsukishi
1993
OS 24
Paper and Wood Fan with brown,
black, and red floral design; with pair of black and gold
chopsticks
1993
OS 24
Cloisonne dish with gold
background and image of two white and black cranes
undated
OS 24
Green cloth with rural scene;
cloth envelope with pink floral design; green envelope labeled
"Cara"
undated
OS 24
Miscellaneous artifacts - Black
and brown chopsticks, some with gold designs; brown card with script; military
uniform insignia
undated
Series X
Harry Wray Research Materials and
Correspondence
1945-1986
2 folders
In the 1980s, Professor Harry Wray, then Associate Professor of
East Asian History at Illinois State University, was researching post-war
Japan, focusing especially on education. As part of this research he
interviewed American staff who worked in or with the Education Section,
including Wunderlich. He also later corresponded with Wunderlich. This series
consists of documents related to his interactions with Wunderlich. Most of the
materials in this series include handwritten notations by Wunderlich.
12/14
Interview Transcript
1945-1980
Wray's 1980 interview with Wunderlich and Mark Orr. The
transcript is interspersed with copies of documents from the occupation period
and excerpts from Wunderlich's "Reminiscences" (see Series IV).
12/17
Correspondence
1945-1986
Contains Wray's 1986 letter to Wunderlich, with additional
questions for Wunderlich pertaining to Wray's research. Wray included copies of
documents from the occupation period and excerpts of his interviews with Don
Nugent, Joe Trainor, Eileen Donovan, and Robert Hall (all colleagues of
Wunderlich during the occupation in Japan).
Series XI
Photos, Memorabilia and Art
1945-1986
1.5 linear feet
This series consists mostly of photos, postcards, and artwork from
Wunderlich's time in Japan. Also included is an official copy of the Japanese
Surrender Document from WWII. (Titles for the artwork were designated by the
processor and are not official.)
15/1
Official Japanese Surrender
Document and postcard of MacArthur signing
September 2, 1945
15/2
Photos - Japan and Japanese
art
1945-1946
15/3
Photos, photo negatives, and
postcards from Japan
1945-4946
15/4
Photos - Gary Tsuchimochi and
Wunderlich; Tsuchimochi, Mitsuhiko Sampa, Soji Katakami, and Hideo Satow during
microfilming
1984, 1986
15/5
"To Kay" - poem by Nabaru
Takahasi
April, 1946
OS 16
Painting - Six
Warriors
unknown
OS 16
Painting - Snowstorm
unknown
OS 16
Painting - Woman
Walking
unknown
OS 16
Painting - Woman with
Fan
unknown
OS 16
Painting - Woman
sitting
unknown
OS 16
Photograph - "W.B.L.
Boston"
1934
OS 16
Watercolor Portrait
1945
OS 16
Pencil Portrait
unknown
OS 16
C.M. Russell print - "The Buffalo
Hunt"
1898
OS 16
C.M. Russell print - "Jerked
Down"
1907
OS 16
Painting - Woman on
silk
unknown
OS 24
Six paintings on white cardboard
with gilt edges, various floral, landscape, and portrait scenes
undated
25
Fabric art design, cardboard
backing - Red, orange, pink, and gold on a white background
undated