Monica Ann Macaulay is a linguist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, specializing in the morphology of American Indian languages. Macaulay received her PhD in 1987 for her research on morphology and cliticization in Chalcatongo Mixtec at the University of California, Berkeley. She has also worked on the Ojitlán Chinantec (also Otomanguean) and Karuk (spoken in Northern California) languages. Monica has collaborated with the Menominee, helping out with their language preservation programs and is involved in efforts to develop a linguistic corpus of Potawatomi. She has published a number of linguistic studies on, especially, the syntax and semantics of Mixtec, Karuk and Algonquian.
The traditional Karuk (also known as “Karok”) language area is along the Klamath River, between Seiad in the north and Bluff Creek in the south. In pre-contact times, there may have been 1,500 speakers of Karuk (Kroeber 1925). In the 21st century, there are fewer than a dozen first-language speakers. However, tribal members and language activists have been pursuing language revitalization and reclamation (Karuk Tribe Language Program).
(Source: California Language Archive, Karuk. Date Accessed: 02/28/23)
The Karuk Tribe is a historic tribe, and still lives in its ancestral homelands along the middle part of the Klamath River channel - roughly between Weitchpec and Seiad, California. The Karuk Ancestral Territory spans 1,053,600 acres or 1,646 square miles (planar measurement). Since their treaties were not ratified by congress, the Tribe was not granted a reservation either in 1851 or in 1979. But starting in 1977 the tribe began purchasing property for the benefit of our tribal members, starting with 6.6 acres in the Orleans community and 10.65 acres in Happy Camp. The Happy Camp property was designated a “Proclaimed Reservation” in 1989. The Tribe has worked hard to accumulate more Trust land over the years. The current total is 914 acres of Trust land, and 822 acres of Fee land. These acres are held mostly within the communities of Orleans, Happy Camp, and Yreka. Historical and anthropological work has demonstrated a strong connection with the Yreka area, in pre-contact times through to the present day. In the Karuk language, the three main population centers have the names of Panámniik for Orleans; Athithúfvuunupma for Happy Camp; and Kahtishraam for Yreka.
(Source: Karuk Tribe, Tribal Government Profile and Summary; 2020. Date Accessed: 02/28/23)
Field notes and recordings of linguistic research. Abstract written for the Berkeley Linguistics Society describing research on inverse markings in Karok, 1989. Photocopies of field notebook #1; July 1989. Includes a table of contents listing the 12 audio cassettes and the notebook pages that correspond to each individual tape. Recordings are of native Karok speakers VioletSuper and Stella Howerton and take place in Orleans and Yreka, California. Linguistic research is on the pitch accent system of Karok. Macauley’s preliminary findings through this research were incorporated into her published paper, “A Preliminary Look at Karok Pitch Accent.”
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