WAUGrandCouleeDamPHColl478.xmlGuide to the Grand Coulee Dam Photograph Collection 1936-1955Grand Coulee Dam Photograph CollectionSpecial Collections, University of Washington Libraries©2008 (Last modified: 5/7/2025)
Seattle, WA 98195
Finding aid written in English.Finding aid based on DACS (Describing Archives: A Content Standard).University of Washington Libraries, Special CollectionsPH0478United States.--Works Progress AdministrationGrand Coulee Dam photograph collection1936-19554 boxes containing 535 photographic prints and 44 negativesCollection materials are in English.Photographs related to the construction of the Grand Coulee Dam, including ground clearing, Works Progress Administration workers, construction views, and views of Marcus, Washington

The Grand Coulee Dam is a concrete dam on the Columbia River in the state of Washington providing hydroelectric power and irrigation water. Initial construction began in 1933 for a “low dam” of reduced size and cost. Congress approved expanding the construction to include a “high dam” in 1935 following a visit by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to the construction site in 1934. Concrete was first poured in 1935. The low dam was completed in 1938 after which construction on the high dam began. Construction was completed in 1941. 8,000 people worked on the Grand Coulee Dam project. The Bureau of Reclamation built Engineers’ Town on the west side of the Columbia River to provide housing for workers and their families. The contractor-provided Mason City was built on the opposite bank in 1934 and sold to the Bureau of Reclamation in 1937. Other living areas sprang up around the construction site including Shack Town and the city of Grand Coulee, located west of the dam. The Bureau of Reclamation combined Mason City and Engineers’ Town in 1956 to form the city of Coulee Dam. The city was incorporated in 1959.

The creation of the Grand Coulee Dam created a reservoir behind the dam stretching 150 miles up the Columbia River, 32 miles up the Spokane River, and eight miles up both the Sanpoil River and the Kettle River. In the 1930s, the Bureau of Reclamation began surveying the reservoir zone and marking off the high water line. In late 1938, the Works Progress Administration began large-scale and rapid clearing operations in the reservoir zone. All land below 1,310 feet in the reservoir zone had to be cleared of trees, stumps, brush, and any other object that would obstruct navigation or damage the dam. Towns, railroads, highways and roads, bridges, telegraph and telephone systems, and cemeteries within the zone had to be relocated, destroyed, or razed. Among the towns were Kettle Falls, Inchelium on the Colville Indian Reservation, and the former railroad boom town of Marcus, all of which were rebuilt on higher ground. Over 3,000 residents in the reservoir zone were relocated.

2,626 Works Progress Administration (WPA) workers cleared 54,000 acres of land over the course of the clearing project. The WPA supplied workers and built and operated camps and mess halls. The Bureau of Reclamation supplied clearing equipment and materials. Clearing operations were scheduled to keep ahead of rising backwater, but because dam construction proceeded more rapidly than expected, work was accelerated in April 1941.

More than 30,000,000 feet of merchantable timber was logged by WPA crews and floated down river to the Lincoln Lumber Company. Unmerchantable timber was piled into stacks or placed in furnace pits to be burned. Brush, greasewood, and sagebrush was also burned. Blasting operations were used to clear the reservoir zone of stumps. Up to 25 stumps were wired up and blasted at once. Homes and buildings in the reservoir zone that could not be relocated were demolished and burned.

Workers stayed at temporary camps set up at various locations along the Columbia and Spokane Rivers. Camp Lincoln was built first and followed by Camps Keller, Spokane, Detillion, Gerome, Gifford, and Kettle. Camp Kettle was the largest work camp and became the clearing project headquarters in 1940. Small supplemental tent camps were also used. Larger camps were complete with barracks, a recreation hall, mess hall, dispensary, offices, warehouse, garage, blacksmith and machine shops, sewer and water lines, light and power systems, and refrigeration. Camps were built using pre-fabricated sections so buildings could be dismantled and moved once clearing at one site was completed. The last camp established was Camp Little Falls on the Spokane River.

Camp Ferry was a floating work camp launched in March 1939 and operated until October 1941. It was comprised of three 24 by 64 floating barges with sleeping and dining facilities as well as offices and tool houses. The floating camp was initially meant to house 75 men but by the fall of 1939 was shared by 125. Camp Ferry was designed to allow workers to clear remote locations on the Columbia River and its tributaries. Camp Ferry did not move as often as other floating camps, and men were sometimes stuck at a single remote location for up to three weeks. Camp Ferry was towed to new locations by the barge Paul Bunyan. Paul Bunyan was built by WPA forces and launched into the Columbia River Reservoir on January 4, 1939. Paul Bunyan measured 24 by 64 feet in size and was powered with two 100-horsepower engines. It could haul up to 300 men as well as heavy machinery. Paul Bunyan was the first barge to navigate Rickey Rapids in 1941. Paul Bunyan was considered the flagship of the WPA “Navy” – a group of 21 vessels that assisted in the clearing operations by transferring men and equipment among work camps. Other ships included two 40-foot tugboats, the Nespelem and Wellpinit and the tug St. Thomas which was transferred from Boulder Dam and renamed the Blue Ox . Washington state also provided a new ferry to replace the old Gifford-Inchelium Ferry.

Flooding of the reservoir zone began in earnest in June 1941. Flooding changed the geography of the area. Bridges had to be destroyed. Hells Gate rapids, Rickey Rapids, Kettle Falls rapids, and Little Dalles rapids were submerged. The reservoir was initially called Columbia Reservoir but was renamed Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake in April 17, 1945.

Don G. Abel was the art administrator for the Works Project Administration (WPA) in Washington State from 1936 to 1940. He served on the Washington State Supreme Court from 1946 to 1947.

Frank A. Banks was appointed as the chief construction engineer of the Grand Coulee Dam in 1933.

Carl W. Smith was the WPA administrator for Washington State.

Morgan Fitz was born and educated in Seattle, WA. After serving as a photographer on the Grand Coulee Dam project, he served in the Army Air Forces during World War II. In 1945 he founded Morgan Fitz Photographers in Augusta, Georgia. In 1949 he entered into a partnership with fellow photographer Robert Symms and the studio was rebranded as Fitz-Symms Photography in 1951. Morgan Fitz retired in 1978 and passed away in 1998.

K. S. Brown served as an official photographer for the Bureau of Reclamation in the time period in which the Grand Coulee Dam was constructed.

Arranged in 7 series.

MapsWPA "Navy"WPA Clearing OperationsLandscape Prior to InundationAerial Views of Grand Coulee Dam AreaGrand Coulee Dam Construction SiteCompleted Grand Coulee DamNegatives

Photographs of the construction of the Grand Coulee Dam; the majority of the images depicting various ground clearing projects, WPA workers and their quarters, work camps, and ferries. A few images are of the razing and moving of Marcus, Washington including pictures of some of the residents. Most of the actual dam construction photographs are aerials views.

Many of the photographs in this collection were taken by the WPA, unless otherwise indicated.

View selections from the collection in digital format .

No restrictions on access to photographic prints. Access to negatives is restricted. Contact Special Collections for more information.

Request at UW

Restrictions may exist on reproduction, quotation, or publication. Contact Special Collections, University of Washington Libraries for details.

Processed by Molly Bishop, 2017

Columbia Basin Project (U.S.)--PhotographsGrand Coulee Dam (Wash.)--PhotographsGrand Coulee Dam (Wash.)--Aerial viewsGrand Coulee Dam (Wash.)--Design and Construction--PhotographsGrand Coulee Dam (Wash.)--Design and Construction--Aerial viewsKettle Falls (Wash.)--PhotographsMarcus (Wash.)--PhotographsVisual Materials Collections (University of Washington)PhotographsWashington (State)

 

Maps1/11-10Aerial maps of Columbia BasinAugust 26, 1938

Wallace Aerial Surveys (photographer).

Prints scanned from negatives (except 5).

1/211-12Aerial maps of the Sanpoil River, WashingtonAugust 26, 1938

Wallace Aerial Surveys (photographer).

Prints scanned from negative.

1/213-14Aerial maps of the Spokane RiverAugust 26, 1938

Wallace Aerial Surveys (photographer).

Prints scanned from negative.

1/215Photo of map of the Columbia Basin Land Clearing Project with area to be cleared and inundated in blackNovember 1, 19391/216Photo of map of the Upper Columbia River with five closer details of inundation areasDecember 1, 19381/217-18Photo of cartoon maps of the Upper Columbia River drawn by the Spurgeon Map Foundrybetween 1938 and 1939

18 scanned from negative

1/219Photo of hand-drawn map of Camp Lincoln with buildings labeled by number or letter1939?

Buildings identified on attached material.

 WPA "Navy"1/320Illustration of a WPA ferry carrying vehicles in the vicinity of the Coulee Dambetween 1938 and 19411/321Man aboard the work boat Hawk on the back of a truck to be transported to clearing operations near Little Dalles on the Columbia River1941

From attached material: Showing work boat the "Hawk," part of the WPA "Navy," part of 21 craft used in clearing the Grand Coulee Reservoir, being transported by truck from a point on the Spokane River near Camp Detillion to the Upper Columbia River above Rickey Rapids and Kettle Falls, to assist in final clearing operations near the Little Dalles. Clearing of the 52,000 acres in the Reservoir area will be completed in July of this year.

1/322The tug Blue Ox tied up to a dockbetween1939 and 1941 1/323Sailor coiling rope on the stern of the tug Blue Ox on Coulee LakeOctober 9, 19401/324Sailor at the helm in the cabin of the tug Blue Ox on Coulee LakeOctober 9, 1940

Works Project Administration (photographer)

From attached material: Looking into the cabin of the Blue Ox while it is underway down Coulee Lake to clearing operations near the dam. This was taken about 8 miles above the dam.

1/325Man aboard boat holding a boat hookbetween 1938 and 1941

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

1/326Gerome ferry at dockbetween 1939 and 1941 1/327Gerome ferry in the middle of the Columbia Riverbetween 1939 and 1941

Leo's Studio (photographer)

1/328-29Sanpoil or Keller ferry ferrying cars across the Columbia Riverbetween 1939 and 1941

Written on verso of 28: 17 miles north of Wilbur.

1/430Two men operating a hand powered ferry with two passengers on the Spokane Riverbetween 1939 and 1941 1/431Two men on a power boat on a waterway in the vicinity of the Grand Coulee Dam1940?1/432-34Camp Gerome ferry on-loading workersbetween 1939 and 1941 The Nespelem and the Wellpinit1/535Man sitting next to the ribs of the ship Nespelem under construction1940 1/536WPA ship building plant with sister ships Nespelem and Wellpinit tied up to the construction barge near Kettle Falls, WashingtonAugust 23, 19401/537Personnel of the WPA boat building plant lined up across the decks of the nearly completed Nespelem and Wellpinit flanking the construction barge, near Kettle Falls, WashingtonAugust 23, 1940 1/538The Nespelem sailing away from the construction barge while Wellpinit remains behind, near Kettle Falls, Washington August 19401/539Workers tying up the Nespelem to construction barge, near Kettle Falls, WashingtonAugust 23, 1940 1/540The Wellpinit sailing on the lower Spokane River in the vicinity of Camp SpokaneSeptember 15, 19401/541Camp Spokane workers wearing life jackets with supplies on a barge preparing to be towed by the WellpinitOctober 9, 19401/542-44WPA workers wearing life jackets standing with supplies on a barge preparing to be towed by the Nespelem October 1940 1/645The Wellpinit passing cliff face of the Spokane River NarrowsNovember 20, 19401/646-47The Wellpinit passing through the Spokane River Narrows with falsework construction for a highway bridge on the cliffs aboveNovember 20, 1940 1/648The Wellpinit passing through the Spokane River NarrowsNovember 20, 19401/649The Wellpinit sailing on Coulee Lake with captain at the helmNovember 26, 1940 Boat Construction1/650Wooden frame of boat under construction on the banks of a riverbetween 1938 and 1941 1/651Men constructing a power barge on the banks of the Columbia RiverDecember 15, 19381/652Power barge under construction on the banks of the Columbia RiverJanuary 1, 1939 1/653Two workmen standing under the hull of a power barge under construction on the banks of the Columbia Riverbetween 1938 and 19391/654Men working on a wooden boat frame, possibly the floating work camp Camp Ferry 1939? 1/755-56WPA workers constructing tugs in a boat factory near Camp LincolnJanuary 11, 1940

Works Project Administration (photographer)

1/757Herbert R. Lang and Walter McAviney working on the wooden boat frame of the new Gifford-Inchelium ferry off the banks of the Columbia River April 1941 1/758Road with sign post showing distances of nearby towns with boat construction of the Gifford-Inchelium ferry in the backgroundApril 28, 1941 The Power Barge Paul Bunyan1/759Wooden frame of the barge Paul Bunyan under construction on the bank of the forebay above the Grand Coulee DamNovember 19381/760Men working atop the wooden frame of the barge Paul BunyanNovember 1938

From attached material: The six hour shifts of WPA workers are rushing through construction of the 64 foot diesel powered boat in course of construction on the east bank of the forebay immediately above Grand Coulee Dam. Two 100 horsepower diesel engines will be installed this week (November 1938) and the hull is now 80% completed. The boat to be used for clearing work on the extensive area of the 151 mile future lakebed of the Grand Coulee reservoir. The backwater of the dam has already risen 30 feet and extends 30 miles up the Columbia River.

1/761The barge Paul Bunyan under construction with workers around and within the wooden frameNovember 19381/762Men working on the barge Paul Bunyan, the hull is complete and the cabin is under constructionDecember 15, 1938 1/763a-bMen working on the barge Paul Bunyan; the hull is complete and the cabin is under construction December 15, 1938

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

63a is cropped version of 63b.

From attached material of 63a: Letter from G. M. Cole, Supervising Engineer to G. P. Weber, Director, Division of Operations reads: Enclosed please find 2 negatives taken by the Bureau of Reclamation on the 15th of this month, and showing views of the Power Barge now rapidly nearing completion. The Bureau photographer will take pictures at more frequent intervals until such time as the boat is put into water.

1/864-65Workers putting finishing touches on the painted, nearly complete barge Paul Bunyan January 1939 1/866Don Abel and Frank A. Banks with other officials standing in front of the barge Paul Bunyan on the day of its launchingJanuary 4, 1939

Written on photo: Mr. Abel and officials at launching of Paul Bunyan.

1/867Officials observing the barge Paul Bunyan being launched into the forebay of the Grand Coulee DamJanuary 4, 19391/868Interior of the barge Paul Bunyan with the Grand Coulee Dam under construction in the background January 19391/869Interior of the barge Paul Bunyan with workers aboard and in the cabins with shoreline in the backgroundMarch 1, 1939 1/870Men aboard the barge Paul Bunyan on the Columbia River, Washington1939? 1/871The barge Paul Bunyan tied up to shore of the Columbia River with a compressed air machine on deck and a boat alongside19391/872Three workers air-drilling anchors for a boom on a rock bank of the Columbia River with the deck of the Paul Bunyan in the foreground19391/973The barge Paul Bunyan near shore with a boat alongside 1939?1/974Helmsman of the barge Paul Bunyan in the pilot houseApril 23, 1939

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

1/975Workers loading lumber onto the barge Paul Bunyanbetween 1939 and 1941 1/976The barge Paul Bunyan hauling lumber in rough waters on the Columbia Riverbetween 1939 and 19411/977-78The barge Paul Bunyan sailing up the Columbia River at a point below Rickey Rapids June 13, 1941 1/979-80The barge Paul Bunyan sailing on the Columbia River above Rickey Rapids June 13, 19411/981The barge Paul Bunyan navigating the Columbia River opposite the Sherman Creek outlet above Rickey Rapids June 13, 19411/982Lines of workers leaving the barge Paul Bunyan and climbing a hill toward Camp Gerome 1940?

From attached material: Two hundred hungry men are shown here hustling off of the Paul Bunyan at the close of a heavy day of clearing and are filing up the bank to Camp Gerome and a good dinner. In a year it will not be possible to make this climb as water will be over the top of this bank. Gerome Ferry, loaded with another group of workers, is seen in midstream. Bulldozer on the Paul Bunyan is being hauled from clearing operations.

Label attached to photo may be inaccurate (no bulldozer on Paul Bunyan, Gerome Ferry is not in the photo).

1/1083Workers of Camp Gerome loading onto the barge Paul BunyanMarch 27, 1940 1/1084-85Deck of the barge Paul Bunyan loaded with workersbetween 1939 and 1941 The floating work camp Camp Ferry1/1086Work camp Camp Ferry starting down slipway at its launch1939 1/1087The barge Paul Bunyan towing Camp Ferry on the Columbia River from its first site1939 1/1088Camp Ferry being towed past a ferry landing on the Columbia River19391/1089Man standing on the deck of the barge Paul Bunyan with Camp Ferry being towed behindApril 23, 1939 1/1090-94Paul Bunyan towing Camp Ferry along the Columbia River1939 1/1195Camp Ferry tied up to shore and the barge Paul Bunyan behind it19391/1196Camp Ferry tying up to a new location with the meat storage building and toilets on the barge Paul Bunyan1939 1/1197Camp Ferry meat storage building being hauled onto the deck of the barge Paul BunyanApril 19, 1939 1/1198Camp Ferry toilets being hauled onto the deck of the barge Paul Bunyan April 19391/1199Camp Ferry at anchor on the Columbia River above Camp Lincoln19391/11100-102Camp Ferry at anchor with men working around the camp1939 1/11103Three men standing on the deck of Camp Ferry's floating tool and supply shed, the PupApril 19, 1939 1/12104Five men pulling in the last gangplank before Camp Ferry moves to a new location1939 1/12105Workers loading pre-fabricated panels onto a waiting ship, likely part of Camp FerryApril 23, 19391/12106Camp Ferry at winter mooring with road, cars, and large store of wood seen on shoreJanuary 1, 1940

From attached material: From here men are taken to work with the Blue Ox and barges. This camp has been newly painted, aluminum with black trim and is very attractive.

1/12107Camp Ferry at anchor on the shore of Rattlesnake CanyonAugust 30, 19401/12108Camp Ferry at anchor 8.5 miles from the Coulee Dam at the foot of the Neal Ranch; tent barracks on shore and the barge Blue Ox tied up alongside the campOctober 9, 1940 1/12109Camp Ferry at anchor with tent barrack at base of the hill on shore 1940?1/12110Camp Ferry reflected on the surface of the water of Coulee LakeOctober 9, 1940

From attached material: The camp's dispensary is located on the foreground end of this barge; stairs lead up the supervisor's quarters.

1/12111Camp Ferry tied up to long dock on a foggy day with another dock in foreground 1940?

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

1/12112Camp Ferry workers lined up coming aboard the camp1940? 1/13113Camp Ferry workers returning to camp eight miles above the Coulee Dam 1940?

From attached material: Clearing tools which they carry are checked in at a tool house on one of the smaller barges in foreground.

1/13114Two boats of Camp Ferry workers being ferried across the river back to camp for lunchApril 19, 1939 1/13115Camp Ferry workers disembarking from small boat, one man holding out the camp ensignApril 19, 19391/13116Man standing on small boat holding out the ensign of the work camp Camp Ferrybetween 1939 and 1941

From attached material: White background, with wood tick in upper right hand corner, and rattlesnake diagonally across. "F" is for "Ferry".

1/13117Workers departing from a barge towed by the tug Blue Ox to walk back to Camp FerryOctober 9, 19401/13118-119Camp Ferry workers disembarking from a barge towed by the tug Blue Ox on the shores of Coulee LakeNovember 26, 1940 1/13120Camp Ferry workers boarding a barge towed by the tug Blue Ox at the end of a day of workNovember 26, 1940WPA Clearing Operations1/14121Three men felling a tree from a raft because of rapidly rising waterApril 19, 19391/14122Men working in cleared field of felled logs in the reservoir area above the damNovember 21, 1939

From attached material: General view of clearing activities in reservoir area above dam. Everything is burned except for merchantable timber 6 inches and larger in diameter. This is transported to sawmills and cut into lumber.

1/14123Field of stumps and debrisbetween 1939 and 19411/14124Men working around felled trees in foreground with river and sectioned off private property in backgroundbetween 1939 and 1941 1/14125Large tree being felled at Camp Geromebetween 1939 and 19411/14126Two workers felling a large treebetween 1939 and 19411/14127Roy Doran leading crew of men from Camp Gerome in clearing area near Nine Miles Creek March 27, 1940 1/14128Team of two bucker-fallers from Camp Gifford chopping an undercut into a yellow pine treeOctober 9, 19401/14129Team of two bucker-fallers from Camp Gifford sawing through a yellow pine with a cross cut sawOctober 9, 1940 1/15130Men felling trees across river from Camp GiffordOctober 9, 1940 1/15131Crew of men from Camp Gifford cutting a felled yellow pine to size and chopping off tree limbsOctober 9, 19401/15132Men working around field of felled logsbetween 1939 and 19411/15133-135Workers felling yellow pine trees on the north bank of the Spokane River near Camp Little Falls 1941? 1/15136-139WPA and Bureau of Reclamation officials gathered to observe two WPA workers fell the last yellow pine remaining in the Camp Gifford area1941

From attached material on 139: Standing beside the tree which was felled along the old river highway on a flat midway between the towns of Rice and Daisy are, from left to right: H.M. Sheerer of the Bureau of Reclamation, W. L. Radke, General Superintendent of the Columbia River Reservoir Clearing project, Lou Wagner, assistant Superintendent of Camp Gifford and Austin Welch, Superintendent of Camp Gifford. Camp Gifford has been dismantled. Water is slowly coming up and covering the site.

1/16140-143Frank A. Banks and Carl W. Smith with assembled crowd felling the last remaining pine tree in the Columbia River Clearing Project at the official closing ceremony July 19, 1941 1/16144-145Camp Ferry workers cutting and piling sage on the bank of Coulee Lake1940?1/16146Man operating a tractor on a dirt road as part of the Columbia River Clearing ProjectMarch 29, 1939 1/16147-149Men operating tractor pulling hydraulic controlled equipment to build and maintain roads on the clearing projectNovember 11, 19391/17150Man sitting in parked bulldozer next to a mobile service unit with field of stumps in the backgroundNovember 12, 1939 1/17151Man operating a Caterpillar tractor through brush on the Columbia River clearing projectbetween 1939 and 1941

Written on photo: Heigh Ho! It's off to work we go! and from Camp Gifford for another day of grinding toil.

1/17152a-bMan operating bulldozer up a hill and over brush with trucks, piles of brush, and the Columbia River in the backgroundMarch 1940 1/17153Tractors lined up beside the Old Highway #22 midway between the towns of Daisy and Rice 1941? 1/17154Man on tractor and other men moving logs to stack them for pickup with tractor with an A-frame in the backgroundbetween 1939 and 19411/17155Men stacking and preparing merchantable timber with one log being hauled up by a tractor with an A-framebetween 1939 and 19411/17156Men stacking logs using a tractor with an A-frame across the river from Camp GiffordOctober 9, 1940 1/17157Man operating a tractor with an arch hauling logs across a field stacked with logs and debrisbetween 1939 and 1941

From attached material: Arches or sulkies picking up piles of decked logs and delivering them to the river bank, where they are taken over by the contractor.

1/17158Men tying logs of merchantable timber to a tractor to be dragged to the river1941? 1/17159Man driving tractor dragging merchantable timber with another man pushing the log along behindbetween 1939 and 19411/18160Logs dragged to the banks of the Spokane River being measured by one man while another prepares to release logs from the tractor near Camp DetillionJanuary 25, 1940 1/18161Workers operating tractors dragging and stacking logs near Daisy, Washingtonbetween 1939 and 19411/18162Load of logs being delivered to a river landing via tractorOctober 9, 1940 1/18163First log being plunged into the lower Spokane River in the river's first ever log driveJune 1939

From attached material: The first log takes the plunge in the first log drive ever staged on the lower Spokane River, initiated early this week, when a crew of 50 WPA experienced river men rolled 125,000 feet of pine logs from the north bank of the river. The logs were decked for a quarter of a mile along the bank, three miles above the defunct Detillion bridge and comprise the first of ten million feet of marketable timber to be removed as part of the huge WPA project to clear the future lake-bed of the Grand Coulee Dam reservoir. The logs are being floated down stream to a huge log boom across the mouth of the river, at its junction with the Columbia. Here they will be made into log-rafts and floated down to the Lincoln Lumber Company mill, five miles down the Columbia. The mill has purchased the Coulee Dam reservoir cut.

1/18164-165Men at the shore of the Spokane River floating logs into the river from shoreJune 1, 1939 1/18166-167Cleanup crew releasing logs stranded on the banks and bars of the Spokane RiverJune 23, 1939 1/18168Three men rolling merchantable logs into the Columbia RiverNovember 12, 19391/18169-170Crew of men from Camp Gifford rolling logs into the riverOctober 9, 1940 1/19171-172Crews of men rolling logs into the Spokane or Columbia Riverbetween 1939 and 19411/19173Stacks of logs on the banks of the Spokane or Columbia Riverbetween 1939 and 19411/19174Man standing on pile of logsbetween 1939 and 1941 1/19175Raft of logs being towed through rapids of the Columbia River on way to the Lincoln Lumber Company millOctober 20, 19391/19176-177Raft of logs in a holding boom at the Lincoln Lumber Company MillOctober 20, 1939 1/19178-179Logs being carted up tracks to the Lincoln Lumber Company Millbetween 1939 and 1941 1/19180Lincoln Lumber Company Mill lumber yard with stacks of boards cut from logs cut during the clearing project by the WPAJanuary 11, 19401/20181-182Tractor with a rigging outfit pulling down timber across the bottom of the Oropothem Creek near Camp GeromeSeptember 12, 1940

Morgan Fitz, Camp Kettle (photographer)

1/20183a-bSignalman from Camp Gerome standing on a stump to signal to a tractor with a rigging outfit to pull in a group of logs, near Oropothem CreekSeptember 13, 1940

Morgan Fitz, Camp Kettle (photographer)

183b is a cropped version.

1/20184Man on tractor with rigging operation pulling down a log at the future high water mark to add to a growing pile of unmerchantable timber, in Oropothem Creek near Camp GeromeOctober 9, 1940 1/20185Men securing a large stack of unmerchantable cottonwood logs in Wilmont Creek, five miles west of Camp GeromeOctober 9, 19401/20186Man operating tractor with a rigging operation pulling a log to the top of a large stack of unmerchantable timberbetween 1939 and 1941 1/20187Two men looking at a large stack of unmerchantable timberbetween 1939 and 1941

Written on photo: Timber of no value piled ready for burning.

1/20188Two men burning brush near Camp LincolnApril 5, 19391/20189Man burning brush at the side of the reservoirApril 23, 1939 1/20190-192Men burning brush at the mouth of the Sanpoil RiverMay 2, 1939

Written on 192: Clearing in the San Poil swamps.

1/21193Brush, branches, and other debris being piled for burning along the lower Sanpoil RiverSeptember 1, 19391/21194-197Men burning brush and tree limbs in the reservoir area above the Grand Coulee Dam November 21, 1939 1/21198Men burning large logsbetween 1939 and 1941 1/21199Field debris arranged in piles and logs of merchantable timber on the right bank of the Columbia River below Camp Gifford, near Kettle Falls, Washington August 30, 19401/21200Man on a tractor bunching together smoking remains of greasewood that has been burned above Coulee Lake, two miles above Grand Coulee DamOctober 9, 19401/21201Camp Ferry worker setting alight a pile of sagebrush and greasewood with a flamethrower near Coulee Lake, two miles above Grand Coulee DamOctober 9, 1940 1/21202Two men in a furnace pit for burning logs, with piles of logs and debris in the backgroundbetween 1939 and 1941

Written on photo: Furnace pit ready to filled with logs for burning, Such pits are necessary to provide draft. From accompanying material: Where steep hillsides or gullies are present, these "furnaces" are unnecessary.

1/21203Bulldozer pushing logs into a furnace pit burning unmerchantable timber, near the mouth of the Kettle RiverDecember 21, 19402/1204Clearing of felled trees, logs, and piles of debris to burn near Nine Miles Creek with workers from Camp Gerome 1940? 2/1205Men standing around a tractor with a field of stumps and logs being burned behind them at Camp Geromebetween 1939 and 19412/1206Man crossing a field at Camp Gerome with workers performing clearing operations in the backgroundbetween 1939 and 1941 2/1207Aerial view of 500 cleared acres of land dotted with piles of debris ready for burning, below Rickey Rapids on the Columbia Riverbetween 1939 and 19412/1208Men unloading boxes of dynamite from a truck across the Columbia River from Camp Gifford near Kettle Falls, WashingtonAugust 30, 1940

From attached material: Dynamite is brought to the field blasting operation by specially marked trucks, unloaded into special boxes at safe distance from blasting.

2/1209Men carrying sacks of dynamite from the dynamite storage box to the field of blasting operations across the Columbia River from Camp Gifford near Kettle Falls, WashingtonAugust 30, 19402/1210-211Crew of men digging holes under stumps that will be filled with dynamite across the Columbia River from Camp Gifford near Kettle Falls, WashingtonAugust 30, 1940

From attached material of 211: Foreman Charles Slaymaker is seen standing at right. Piles of slash at left and right are to be burned together with the blasted stumps this fall.

2/1212-214Men placing sticks of dynamite in holes under stumps, across the Columbia River from Camp Gifford near Kettle Falls, Washington August, 1940?

From attached material of 214: Fifty sticks were required to lift this one. Roots of trees in this Columbia River country are large and long, because of the scarcity of water.

2/2215Men wiring up dynamite to explode to blast out stumps across the Columbia River from Camp Gifford near Kettle Falls, WashingtonAugust 30, 19402/2216-217Large explosions of stumps with Camp Gifford blasting crew looking on in the foregroundAugust 30, 1940 2/2218Blasting stumps across the river from Camp GiffordAugust 30, 1940 2/2219Camp Gifford blasting crew foreman Charles Slaymaker examining remains of a blasted stumpAugust 30, 1940

From attached materials: These fragments have been thrown through the air for more than one thousand feet.

2/2220Men from Camp Gifford blasting crew examining root fragments of blasted stumpsAugust 30, 1940

From attached material: This is the result of fifty sticks of dynamite under a large yellow pine stump. Workmen are examining root fragments that will later be pulled out by tractor.

2/2221Man in cleared field pushing down a plunger with explosion in the background, fence and river beyond to the leftMay 10, 19402/2222Aerial view of explosion with river below and cleared field piled with debris to be burned in the background, eight miles south of Camp GeromeOctober 9, 19402/2223Crew of men with bulldozer conducting clearing operations for a road April, 1941? 2/2224Bulldozer and backhoe on rocky hillside working on a new highway between Kettle Falls and the new town of Marcus, WashingtonApril 28, 19412/2225Line of trucks used in the clearing operations in the Camp Kettle area with a hill of trees in the backgroundJune 27, 1941

Morgan Fitz, Camp Kettle (photographer)

2/2226Two night crewmen of Camp Kettle servicing a truck, in the foreground is a poster for the WPA Safety TrophyJune 27, 1941

Morgan Fitz, Camp Kettle (photographer)

2/3227WPA workers gathered around table and taking bowls of food for lunch between 1939 and 1941

From attached material: Delivered hot from Lincoln Camp four miles away.

2/3228a-bWorkers from Camp Gifford line up at a plywood table for lunch at 11 A.M., near Kettle Falls, WashingtonAugust 30, 1940

From attached material: A sack lunch is brought out from camp together with coffee, soup, and pie.

Photos are inverses of each other. 228b has been hand colored.

2/3229Tractor and trucks in the field of Camp Kettle with men seated and eating lunch in backgroundbetween 1939 and 1941

Written on photo: Lunch hour in the field, Camp Kettle.

2/3230Cook stirring a large pot in tent kitchen while Camp Keller is being constructedMarch 29, 19392/3231Three cooks of Camp Keller and camp superintendent Harry Fenton displaying trays of roast beef for the first meal served at newly completed Camp Keller 1939

From attached material: Cooks from left to right: George N. Nikotitch, Ed Hanson, and Norman Chapman.

2/3232Three camp bakers stand behind trays of pastries and rolls in the mess hall of Camp KellerMay 2, 19392/3233Three cooks holding up two trays of hams in the mess hall of Camp KellerMay 2, 1939 2/3234Camp Ferry workers seated in a mess hall at meal timeApril 19, 19392/3235Two cooks in the kitchen of Camp Ferry with pots and plates behind themJune 20, 19392/3236Waiters carrying coffee, tea, and hot foods to tables in the mess hall of Camp Gerome five minutes before the evening meal is servedOctober 9, 1940 2/3237Workers seated and eating in the Camp Gerome mess hallOctober 9, 1940 2/4238Workers seated and eating Thanksgiving dinner in the Camp Gerome mess hall with cooks, waiters, and camp orchestra in the background at the rightNovember 26, 1940

From attached material: A similar dinner is served on Christmas Day.

2/4239Kitchen of Camp Gerome during meal time with cooks at center and waiters picking up refills of food to take back to the mess hallOctober 9, 19402/4240Group of men gathered in the mess hall of Camp Gerome at 7:30 PM listening to orchestra while a weekly movie showing is being preparedOctober 9, 1940

From attached material: Movie screen, two bed sheets, is seen furled on rafter above orchestra during the music session. Movie this evening was a mystery thriller.

2/4241Large group of men gathered outside a work camp watching a movie with the projector in the center of the group1939 and 1941 2/4242Men reading newspapers in the recreation room on Camp FerryMay 20, 1939 2/4243Three men examining a puff ball on a table in the recreation room of Camp GeromeNovember 26, 1940

From attached material: A giant puff ball [mushroom], found recently a mile north of Camp Gerome by clearing workers, is put on display at the camp's recreation hall. Although seldom growing larger than a good sized apple, this puff ball is 41.5" in circumference, 9.5" high and weighs 14.5lbs.

2/4244Six tents at the site where a permanent Camp Lincoln will be built, house at right with large stacks of firewood in frontDecember 1938?2/4245Car parked in front of a house with tents of the temporary Camp Lincoln in the backgroundJanuary 20, 1939 2/4246Field where Camp Lincoln will be constructed with foundations of some structures completed19382/4247Workers assembling barracks of Camp Lincoln with large stacks of lumber in the background1938? 2/4248-249Aerial view showing construction of Camp Lincoln with completed buildings and further construction and piles of lumber to the leftDecember 1938?2/5250Aerial view of construction at Camp Lincoln with stacks of lumber and platforms to support future structures December 1938? 2/5251Aerial view of Camp Lincoln nearing completion with many buildings intact with some construction ongoing at the far leftFebruary 1, 1939

From attached material: Long buildings in foregrounds are garages and repair shops, built from lumber salvaged from abandoned buildings.

2/5252Man with bandaged foot in bed in the infirmary of Camp LincolnMay 17, 1939

From attached material: View of ward in infirmary at Camp Lincoln with patient who cut his foot with an adze while working on boat construction.

2/5253Aerial view of the Spokane River with Camp Spokane on the riverbank in the foregroundApril 26, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative.

2/5254Newly completed Camp Keller on the first day of occupancy by workersMay 2, 19392/5255Cars in front of Camp Keller next to Columbia RiverJune 20, 1939 2/5256Man behind car viewing site of future Camp Gerome with pre-fabricated panels from Camp Lincoln at right and leftApril 12, 19392/5257Men removing debris from the site where Camp Gerome will be constructed and placing sills for the foundations of the barracksJuly 1, 1939

From attached material: Placing the first sills for the barracks at the WPA Coulee Dam clearing project camp at Gerome. Note tree dotted areas of the Columbia River Valley in the background, which will later be inundated with the waters of the rising 151 mile Coulee Dam reservoir.The trees and other movable debris, which might threaten the dam or navigation, will be removed by WPA crews to be housed in this and other camps at Lincoln, Keller, Kettle Falls, lower Spokane River, etc.

2/5258Workers unloading a pre-fabricated section of roof shipped from Camp Lincoln for the construction of Camp GeromeJuly 1, 1939

From attached material: Approximately 350 men will be accommodated in this camp.

2/5259Don G. Abel and Jay J. Kalex standing beside Camp Gerome flagpole with completed camp behind themOctober 17, 19392/5260Workers aboard Gerome Ferry as it lands at Camp Gerome with other workers walking up the hill to camp in the backgroundAugust 22, 1940

From accompanying material: Aboard the diesel powered side wheeler Gerome ferry as it makes a landing at foot of Camp Gerome. Workers seen going up trail to camp are from Bunyan that landed a few minutes earlier at left of picture. Ferry operator is seen in this control cabin at left. Sign "Brewster Ferry" at right is name of former owner.

2/5261Aerial view looking north of Camp Gerome on the banks of the Columbia RiverApril 26, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative.

2/5262Aerial view looking southwest of Camp Gerome on the banks of the Columbia RiverApril 26, 1941Morgan Fitz

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative.

2/6263Remains of Camp Gerome on the shores of the rising Oropothem Creek with the Gerome Ferry to the left1941

From attached material: The Gerome ferry, seen moored in the creek's outlet, will continue in service as rising backwater covers the site of 21-month-old Camp Gerome where some 500 WPA workers were housed during the clearing projects in this area. Most of the camp buildings have been dismantled and moved further north to increase the operations at Camp Kettle near Kettle Falls on the upper Columbia and Kettle Rivers.

2/6264-265Men working on the construction of Camp Gifford re-erecting buildings transported from Camp Keller1939 2/6266Man descending hill holding a rope with other men below installing Camp Gifford water supply pumpJanuary 11, 1940

From attached material: Pump will be transferred to a traveling pump house when water rises next May. Pump house will be mounted on wheels and drawn up inclined rails shown by cable and winch.

2/6267Water pump house at Camp Gifford with view of staircase built into hill behind it with workers standing at intervalsDecember 21, 1940

From attached material: There is no worry at Camp Gifford that their water pumping station at river level below camp will be inundated by the rising water. As the river backs up the station will be pulled up the bank on a track by cable. High water will come to approximately where the second worker from the top stands. This long, steep stairway - 195 steps - to the pumping station has been dubbed "Angels' Leap" by camp workers.

2/6268Camp Gifford seen from behind trees in the foregroundJanuary 11, 19402/6269Aerial view of Camp Gifford on the shore of the Columbia RiverJuly 23, 1940 2/6270Infrared aerial view looking south of the Columbia River below Camp GiffordApril 26, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative

2/6271Men constructing wooden bases for buildings at Camp Kettle19392/6272Long wooden building under construction at Camp Kettle1939 2/6273View of Camp Kettle, parking lot, and surrounding houses, with forest and mountain in the background October 20, 19392/6274Tent barracks addition to Camp Kettle with view of rest of camp in backgroundbetween 1939 and 1940 2/6275Men in trucks leaving Camp Kettle to start work on clearing operationsJune 27, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/7276Two buildings of Camp Kettle next to the Columbia Riverbetween 1939 and 19402/7277View of Camp Kettle looking westbetween 1939 and 1940 2/7278View of Camp Kettle looking southbetween 1939 and 19402/7279-282Aerial views of Camp Kettle from various directions1940 2/7283-285Aerial views of Camp Kettle from various directions with tent barracks visibleApril-September, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

From attached material of 283: Shops and garages are located at the right, mess hall and office in the top center camp area. At this time the camp had facilities for housing and feeding 1,330 men, 250 of which were domiciled in the tent group seen at the top left camp area.

Attached to back of 285 is the text of a letter to WPA Administrator John M. Carmody dated September 5, 1941 detailing information about Camp Kettle and Coulee Clearance Project work camps.

2/7286aAerial view of Camp Kettle looking northApril 17, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative.

2/7286bView of Camp Kettle looking northeastApril 17, 19412/7287Aerial view of Camp Kettle looking southJune 23, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative

2/8288Tents of Camp Detillion with a large pile of wood in the center of camp19412/8289Tents of Camp Detillion with view of cleared Spokane River valley in the backgroundJune 27, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

From attached material: Camp Detillion, a small clearing camp during the final days of clearing operations in this area is seen this view looking east.

2/8290Tents barracks of Camp DetillionNovember 26, 1940

From attached material: Mess hall is at right in foreground, offices and garage at right background. The Spokane River is seen in distance at left.

2/8291Tents of Camp Little Falls on the north bank of the Spokane River1941

From attached material: Most of the tent quarters for the camp's personnel of 125 men are seen at the right. The prefabricated type of building at the left accommodates dining room, kitchen, storeroom and office.

2/8292Dirt road leading up to the tents of Camp Little Falls on the bank of the Spokane River at right 19412/8293Road in front of the tents of Camp Little Falls with Spokane River to the left1941 2/8294Shoreline of the Spokane River in the foreground with view of Camp Little Falls in far backgroundJune 27, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/8295Double wall of a root house at one of the camps of the WPA Coulee Clearance ProjectNovember 25, 1939

From attached material: Showing double log wall of root house, which will be filled with dry earth to make interior frost proof.

2/8296Wood shed with wood inside at one of the camps of the WPA Coulee Clearance Projectbetween 1939 and 1941 2/8297-298Large group of workers walking uphill to WPA clearing operations campbetween 1939 and 19412/8299Line of workers walking along a dirt road with men in foreground observing and a cameraman to the rightbetween 1939 and 1941

From attached material: WPA workers returning for dinner after a hard day's clearing in remote areas along the Columbia River. Just above dam.

2/9300Cleared field marking the former site of Keller, Washington1939?2/9301Building being dismantled in Peach, WashingtonOctober 2, 1938

From attached material: First building to be demolished in the project to clear the Grand Coulee backwater area is this church at Peach, now being wrecked by WPA workers.

2/9302Building near the banks of the Columbia River near the town of Peach, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 19412/9303Farm buildings in the foreground with Hawk Creek Bend at the left in the background, near Peach, WashingtonMarch 4, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/9304Cleared field of land, formerly the site of the town of Peach1941

Written on photo: Toward Hawk Creek, showing site of former town of Peach, now inundated.

2/9305Stacks of lumber with the town of Lincoln in the background before the area was flooded1939-19412/9306Burning house near the site of Camp LincolnApril 10, 1939

From attached material: One of first early settler's houses in the path of the WPA clearing project crews, near Camp Lincoln. All stumps, unsaleable trees and other combustible debris are burned as the WPA crews move up the banks of the Columbia River above Ground Coulee dam, preparing the future lake bed of the 151 mile Coulee Dam Reservoir.

2/9307Several houses at the top of a hill at the site of Fort Spokanebetween 1939 and 19412/9308Town of Inchelium on the banks of the Columbia River1939?

Written on photo: Indian town of Inchelium will be moved to higher ground.

2/9309Inchelium High School gymnasium being hauled away with the Gifford-Inchelium ferry crossing the Columbia River in the foreground1939?

From attached material: Cut in sections and loaded on dollies the Inchelium High School gymnasium, last building to be removed in the old town, is shown on the road leading out of the old town and up to the new town site above high water mark of backwater of the Columbia River. Clearing for the lake is shown as completed in this scene. Water will cover the area up to the timber line in the back.

2/10310Postmaster E. J. Gifford holding set of scales and looking at the empty shelves of his general store, Gifford, WashingtonApril 12, 1939

From attached material: Mr. Gifford intends to build a new store above the back water line as soon as the new state highway is located. The present building, general store and post office which will be flooded by the back water is already being demolished.

2/10311Car driving down a highway one mile south of the town of Rice with the Columbia River valley in the backgroundJune 27, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/10312Cleared lakebed south of the old town of Rice, WashingtonJune 27, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/10313Cleared area of land a mile north of the town of Rice, WashingtonJune 27, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/10314Man standing looking into a geological well-like formation near Kettle Falls, Washington1939?

From attached material: According to old timers, Kettle Falls obtained its name from the numerous kettle-like wells shown in the enclosed picture. These wells, caused by the action of gravel and water being swirled by the current and wearing holes into the solid rock reaching a depth of 10 to 20 feet. At high water according to old timers, they gave the appearance of steaming kettles. Fast water rushing across them and throwing up spray as it swirled into the openings.

2/10315Decaying remains of an early 19th century wooden Catholic Mission near Kettle Falls, WashingtonNovember 26, 1938 2/10316-318Town of Kettle Falls, WashingtonSeptember 26, 1938 2/10319-320Mr. A. H. Smythe and Mrs. Smythe being interviewed at the remains of their old home in Kettle Falls, Washington before it is inundated by the backing up of the Coulee Dam ReservoirApril 12, 1939

From attached material on both: "Let 'er come," says A. H. Smythe an old timer at Kettle Falls, "I've got me a piece of ground back yonder from the high water mark, and I've got most of my house already built on it." . . . "The water can't get here too quick to suit me," says Mr. Smythe. "It will be just like living on a lake then."

2/11321Western Pine Mill on the banks of the Columbia River across from the town of Kettle Falls, Washington1939?2/11322Burning remains of the White Pine Lumber Company reflecting on the water of the Columbia River, across the river from Kettle Falls, Washington1939?

From attached material: Machinery and parts of the buildings of the mill property, largest saw mill on the Columbia River, were previously removed to a new location on higher ground. Purchased by the Bureau of Reclamation and turned over to the WPA for demolition, this mill was located . . . below high water mark of the lake that is being formed by backwater of the Columbia River behind Grand Coulee Dam.

2/11323The tug Nespelem hauling a barge holding a building down the Spokane River above Camp SpokaneMarch 4, 1941 2/11324View of new Marcus on the bank of the Columbia River with Mayor F. E. "Sunny" Horn at left with old Marcus, bridge, and land cleared by the WPA in the background1941?

From attached material: "There will always be a Marcus", F. E. "Sunny" Horn, Mayor of Marcus since 1932, wants you to know. He points to the new site on a bench well above high water mark of the lake being formed behind Grand Coulee Dam on which there is already a new grade and high school, a church in the building, a dozen homes moved up from old Marcus ... a water company's well and land cleared for a super-market.

2/11325-326Aerial view of new Marcus on the bank of the Columbia River with old Marcus, bridge, and land cleared by the WPA in the backgroundMarch 31, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/11327Aerial view of the old town of Marcus with bridge across the Columbia River with land cleared by the WPA in the background 1941?2/11328Aerial view of the old town of Marcus on the banks of the Columbia River with bridge at left and new Marcus, built on higher ground, in the backgroundMarch 31, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/11329-330Aerial view of the old town of Marcus with most buildings removed with bridge and Columbia River at left and new Marcus in the backgroundJune 23, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

2/12331Mayor F. E. "Sunny" Horn of Marcus points to the new town of Marcus, the U.S. Gypsum Company and the Spokane-Portland Cement Company beyond 1941?2/12332James Mullen and his wife in their railroad yard restaurant, the Beanery, with son Charles seated at the counter in Marcus, Washington1941

From attached material: One of the last meals served in the Marcus railroad yard restaurant ... before closing the doors for the last time on March 20th.

2/12333Postmaster I. T. Peterson making out a money order in Marcus, Washington1941

From attached material: She plans to keep right on with her job after the Marcus Post Office, last one to be moved on the river, goes to New Marcus between April 35th and May 1st.

2/12334Celestine Nagel seated on a couch and reading with her mother Sarah A. Nagel in their home, Marcus, Washington1941 2/12335Three Marcus residents standing on the porch of their home, Marcus, Washington 1941? 2/12336Two men standing on a porch, Marcus, Washington1941? 2/12337Congregation of Marcus Catholic Church gathered outside the church after the last mass conducted before the church was movedMarch 23, 1941 2/12338Members of the congregation of Marcus Catholic Church socializing outside the church on the day of the last mass conducted prior to the building being movedMarch 23, 1941 2/12339Father Paul M. Goergen and four boys of the Marcus Catholic Church congregation on the day of the last mass conducted at the churchMarch 23, 1941 2/12340Great Northern Railroad conductor J. R. Bell with Marcus Mayor F. E. "Sunny" Horn, pointing at the railroad bridge that crosses the Columbia River at Marcus, Washington 1941?2/13341Mr. and Mrs. Emil Horn standing in front of their home in Marcus, Washington1941 2/13342Sidney W. Wurzbug and clerk Margaret Miller standing in front of Wurzburg's Hardware store in Marcus, Washington1941 2/13343Sidney W. Wurzburg talking with Anthony Gendron in front of Wurzburg's Hardware store in Marcus, Washington1941 2/13344Home of Leon Wurzburg in the process of having the second story removed, Marcus, Washington1941 2/13345Home of Elmer Bircher being hauled down Main Street with worker standing on top of the building holding up a wire so the house can pass under, Marcus, Washington1941 2/13346-347Home of L. C. Buckley being hauled down Main Street in Marcus, Washington1941 2/13348Workers dismantling the Immigration Station, Marcus, Washington1941

From attached material: ...the Immigration Station which was used by the railroad as a railway station since the removal of the regular station to the town of Kettle Falls three months ago. Marcus old timers remember boom days for the railroad thirty years ago when the Immigration Service had three and four interpreters, a doctor, and several inspectors to handle the large number of Hindus, Chinese and European immigrants coming into this country from Canada on this line.

2/13349Workers dismantling the ice house of the Great Northern Railway for salvage lumber, Marcus, Washington1941 2/13350-351School with gutted interior, Marcus, Washington1941 2/14352WPA workers pilling up partly demolished sheds, Marcus, Washington1941 2/14353aWPA workers gathering combustible material while preparing an old house to be burned, Marcus, Washington19412/14353bBurning building in path of dam constructionMay, 19392/14354WPA workers preparing an old house to be burned while U.S. Custom workers salvage lumber for a boathouse in Northport, Washington1941 2/14355-356Old buildings being burned down during the night, Marcus, Washington1941 2/14357Two Marcus residents seated in the window of the demolished school watching the night burning of old buildings, Marcus, Washington1941 2/14358-359Reverend Ralph Waldo Orr and other men mixing concrete for the new Presbyterian Church in new Marcus, Washington1941 Landscape Prior to Inundation2/15360Juncture where the Columbia River meets the mouth of the Spokane Riverbetween 1938 and 19412/15361Nee Bridge across the Spokane River at Lincoln, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 1941 2/15362-363Nee Bridge across the Spokane River being inundated with rising water at Lincoln, Washington1941?

Written on 362: lines drawn on photo showing high water line

2/15364Former site of Nee Bridge on the Spokane River completely covered by water, Lincoln, Washington 1941? 2/15365Spokane River one and a half miles north of Lincoln, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 1941

Written on verso: Proposed bridge site across state highway

2/15366Spokane River three miles south of future site of Spokane River Bridge 1938?2/15367Spokane River just south of the future site of Spokane River BridgeOctober 26, 1938 2/15368Detillion Bridge across Spokane Riverbetween 1938 and 19412/15369-371Spokane Narrows along the Spokane Riverbetween 1938 and 1941

371 has been hand colored.

2/15372Spokane River eight miles upstream from the river mouthbetween 1938 and 19412/16373Spokane River Valley near Camp DetillionAugust 23, 19402/16374Cleared land in Spokane River Valley with Spokane River in the background, near Camp Detillion, fifteen miles from the mouth of the Spokane River May 15, 1941 2/16375-376Cleared area of Spokane River Valley with Detillion Bridge in the distance, near Camp Detillion May 1941 2/16377Washington Water Power Company hydroelectric plant at Little Falls on the Spokane RiverJune 13, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

From attached material: The Little Falls hydroelectric plant of the Washington Water Power Company at Little Falls is the approximate up-river boundary of WPA clearing operations of WPA crews toward Camp Little Falls. The reservoir combines with Columbia River backwater behind Grand Coulee Dam and will eventually come up to approximately this point.

2/16378Cleared area on the Spokane River with piles of debris ready for burning by WPA clearing crewsOctober 20, 19392/16379-383Views of Spokane Riverbetween 1938 and 1941 3/1384Columbia River near Coyote Rapidsbetween 1938 and 19413/1385Columbia River bend immediately above the Grand Coulee Dambetween 1938 and 1941

Photo is hand colored.

3/1386Columbia River bend one mile above the Grand Coulee Dambetween 1938 and 1941 3/1387Snowy Columbia River Valley with Columbia River in background, fifteen miles above the Grand Coulee Dambetween 1938 and 19413/1388Mouth and delta of the Sanpoil River, seventeen miles above the Grand Coulee Danbetween 1938 and 19413/1389Aerial view of Sanpoil River and Valley north of the Columbia RiverJuly 30, 1938

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/1390Columbia River near Hellgate Rapidsbetween 1938 and 19413/1391Hellgate Rapids on the Columbia River during winterbetween 1938 and 19413/1392Number not used3/1393Hellgate Rapids on the Columbia River during winterbetween 1938 and 1941 3/1394-395Columbia River approaching Whitestone Rockbetween 1938 and 19413/2396Whitestone Rock on the Columbia River1939?

Written on photo: View taken from boat deck, M. S. Paul Bunyan

3/2397Whitestone Rock on the Columbia River with WPA workers on the deck of the barge Paul Bunyan in the foregroundSeptember 15, 1939 3/2398Two men boating on Hawk Creek with backwater from the Grand Coulee Dam reservoir covering surrounding bridge and highway, near Peach, Washington1941? 3/2399Man overlooking bend of the Columbia River five miles below Camp GeromeOctober 17, 19393/2400Aerial view of the Columbia River looking south above Camp GeromeApril 26, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative.

3/2401Aerial view looking south of the Columbia River above Camp GeromeApril 26, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative

3/2402-403Bend of the Columbia River with banks cleared by WPA workers, one mile north of Hunter, WashingtonMay 15, 1941

From attached material of 403: The lake will be at least three times as wide as the river now is at this point.

3/24041941 Plymouth on highway with cleared area of Columbia River in background, eight miles north of Hunter, WashingtonApril 28, 1941 3/2405Bend of the Columbia River between the towns of Hunters and Cedonia, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 19413/2406Bend of the Columbia River near Cedonia, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 19413/2407Stretch of the Columbia River above Cedonia, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 1941 3/2408Stretch of the Columbia River between the towns of Hunter and Inchelium, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 19413/3409Cliff face on the banks of the Columbia River with the river in the foreground, three miles south of Gifford, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 19413/3410Stretch of the Columbia River three miles north of Gifford, Washington with highway and mile marker in the foregroundbetween 1938 and 1941 3/3411Rickey Rapids on the Columbia River with trees in foregroundAugust 26, 19383/3412Rickey Rapids on the Columbia RiverJune 19403/3413-414Cleared land of the Colville River Valley with highway in the foreground May 1, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

3/3415Backwater from the Grand Coulee Dam reservoir rising up the Colville River ValleyJune 23, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

3/3416Aerial view of the Colville River outlet with cleared land on the rightJune 23, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negative.

3/3417Kettle Falls emergency landing fieldSeptember 26, 1938

From attached material: Emergency landing field constructed by WPA labor - will border on edge of water of lake area - can be converted into land and seaplane base.

3/3418-421Snow covering the rapids of Kettle Falls on the Columbia RiverOctober 26, 1938

420 and 421 have been hand colored.

3/4422-423Kettle Falls rapids on the Columbia RiverJune 10, 1940

From attached material on 422: Many Indian graves were removed from this area and transferred to a cemetery near Inchelium.

3/4424-425Aerial view of Kettle Falls rapids on the Columbia River and Marcus flats beyondbetween 1938 and 1941

425 is hand-colored.

3/4426Rapids formed by the first of the three cascades of Kettle Falls on the Columbia Riverbetween1938 and 1941

Written on photo: First and widest of the trio forming Kettle Falls.

3/4427-433Rapids of Kettle Falls on the Columbia Riverbetween 1938 and 1941 3/5434Aerial view of Kettle Falls Bridge over the Columbia River with Kettle Falls rapids beyond1938?3/5435-437Kettle Falls Bridge over the Columbia River below Kettle Falls rapids 1938 3/5438-440Three bridges over the Columbia River with the two higher bridges under construction at the site of Kettle Falls rapidsApril 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

3/5441-442Man working on the construction of railroad bridge on Columbia River below the site of Kettle Falls rapids April, 1941 3/5443-444Kettle Falls rapids seen through the girders of railroad bridge across Columbia RiverApril 1941 3/6445Three bridges over the Columbia River with Kettle Falls rapids beyondApril 28, 1941

From attached material: The backwater of the lake will reach to the deck of the old highway bridge, the lowest bridge of the three.

3/6446-447Aerial views of three bridges over the Columbia River with Kettle Falls rapids beyondMay and June, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

Scanned from negatives.

3/6448Bridge across the Columbia River north of Kettle Falls rapidsJune 6, 1940 3/6449Bridge across the Columbia River rapids burning and collapsing into the water, north of Kettle Falls rapidsJune 6, 1940 3/6450Cliffs on the banks of the Kettle River with bridge in background, thirteen miles north of Kettle Falls, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 19413/6451-453Cleared area of Marcus Flats with Columbia River in the backgroundMay and June, 1941

Morgan Fitz (photographer)

3/6454Road and countryside between Marcus and Bossburg, Washington with Columbia River in the backgroundbetween 1939 and 1941 3/6455Bend of the Columbia River between towns of Marcus and Bossburg, Washingtonbetween 1939 and 19413/6456Hill on the banks of the Columbia River above Marcus, Washington with bridge in the far distancebetween 1939 and 19413/6457Upper Columbia River, taken from rear of boatFebruary 1940 3/6458Stretch of the upper Columbia River with mountains in backgroundFebruary 19403/7459Stretch of the Columbia River and road to rightbetween 1939 and 19413/7460Cliffs covered with pine trees on the shore of the Columbia RiverSeptember 1, 1939

From attached material: Photographed from the Paul Bunyan.

3/7461-462Bend of Columbia River looking north into Canada from site of Little Dalles rapidsbetween 1938 and 1941 3/7463-464Stretch of road with site of Little Dalles rapids on the Columbia River in backgroundbetween 1938 and 19413/7465-470Little Dalles rapids on the Columbia Riverbetween 1938 and 1941

465, 469, 470 have been hand colored.

3/8471Stretch of the Columbia River between the towns of Marble and Northport, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 19413/8472-474Bridge across the Columbia River at the town of Northport, Washingtonbetween 1938 and 1941 3/8475Aerial view of countryside around Steamboat Rock, WashingtonSeptember 10, 1938

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

Aerial Views of Grand Coulee Dam Area3/8476Columbia River bisecting Mason City and Engineers' Town with excavation work at site of Grand Coulee cofferdams in backgroundApril 1, 1936

Wallace Aerial Surveys (photographer)

3/8477Site of Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River with initial construction starting on the banksSeptember 16, 1936

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/8478Airfield and quarry outside Mason City and Engineers' Town, Washington, with dam construction in the backgroundSeptember 16, 1936

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/8479Concrete being laid in foundations forms at site of Grand Coulee DamSeptember 16, 1936

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/9480-482Construction site of Grand Coulee DamMarch 16, 1937

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/9483Columbia River bisecting Mason City and Engineers' Town with construction under way on the Grand Coulee Dam and mountains in backgroundMarch 16, 1937

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/9484Columbia River bisecting Mason City and Engineers' Town and surrounding shack towns and countrysideMarch 16, 1937

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/9485aTowns and countryside surrounding Grand Coulee, WashingtonSeptember 18, 1937

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/9485bTowns and countryside surrounding Grand Coulee, WashingtonSeptember 18, 1937

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/9486Columbia River bisecting Mason City and Engineers' Town with construction of Grand Coulee Dam in the foregroundSeptember 18, 1937

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/9487Grand Coulee Dam under constructionSeptember 18, 1937

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/9488Brett Pit quarry site with airfield in the foreground near Grand Coulee, WashingtonMarch 20, 1938

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/10489Grand Coulee Dam under construction with Mason City and Engineers' Town in the foregroundJuly 30, 1938

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/10490West Powerhouse site on the bank of the Columbia River at the site of Grand Coulee Dam ConstructionJuly 30, 1938

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/10491-492Aerial views of vicinity of Grand Coulee, WashingtonSeptember 10, 1938

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/10493Grand Coulee Dam under construction with Mason City, Engineers' Town, and mountains in the backgroundOctober 18, 1938

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/10494West Powerhouse site on the bank of the Columbia River at the site of Grand Coulee Dam ConstructionOctober 18, 1938

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/10495Towns and landscape surrounding Grand Coulee Dam with Dam in foreground at rightApril 15, 1939

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/10496Columbia River bisecting Mason City and Engineers' Town on the edge of Grand Coulee Dam with landscape in backgroundApril 15, 1939

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/10497-500Grand Coulee Dam and construction siteApril 15, 1939

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/11501Columbia River above Grand Coulee Dam with Mason City, Engineers' Town, and landscape beyond September 7, 1939

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/11502-503Grand Coulee Dam under construction with Mason City and Engineers' Town in foregroundFebruary 14, 1940

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

3/11504Grand Coulee Dam with construction sites on either bank and tractors working on top of the damFebruary 14, 1940

Photograph by the 116th Photo Section, 41st Division Aviation, Washington National Guard

Grand Coulee Dam Construction Site3/11505Columbia River bisecting towns of Mason City and Engineers' Camp1936?

K. S. Brown, Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

3/11506Bridges over Columbia River near site of Grand Coulee, with Engineers' Camp in the foreground 1936?

K. S. Brown, Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

3/11507Banks of Columbia River at site of Grand Coulee Dam with initial construction of roads to the work site 1936?

K. S. Brown, Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

3/11508Banks of the Columbia River with initial construction for the cofferdams of the Grand Coulee Dam 1936? M271509Panorama of Columbia River passing through construction site of Grand Coulee Dam, Engineers' Town, and Mason City1936?

Written in pencil on verso: From north bank looking south. G Asahel Curtis, 1942.

K. S. Brown, Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

Set of three photographs taped together.

3/11510Grand Coulee Dam construction site with some construction materials in the middle of the Columbia River1936?

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

3/12511-514Concrete pouring operations on the Grand Coulee Dam construction site 1936?

K.S. Brown (photographer)

3/12515Excavation and construction of the Grand Coulee Dam cofferdams and foundations 1936?

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

3/12516Storage of supplies and equipment on the edge of a work camp at the Grand Coulee Dam construction projectbetween 1936 and 1941 3/12517Gravel chute in operation on the Grand Coulee Dam construction projectbetween 1936 and 1941 3/12518Water flowing through the completed base of the Grand Coulee Dam 1938?

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

3/12519Side view of water flowing through the base of the Grand Coulee Dam with latticework on top for concrete pouringApril 23, 1939

Scanned from negative.

3/12520Construction on the nearly completed Grand Coulee Dam with reservoir behindbetween 1941 and 1942

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

3/12521Water flowing through the nearly completed Grand Coulee Dam with reservoir behindAugust 1941

Scanned from negative.

3/12522Close shot of unfilled pilings at base of construction cranesbetween 1941 and 19423/12523Workers constructing lower dam wall portionbetween 1941 and 19423/12524Construction materials floating near unfilled pilings of dam wallbetween 1941 and 19423/12525Columbia River bank terracing and unfinished portion of southern dam wall, from northeastbetween 1941 and 19423/12526Unfinished northern dam wall, from southwestbetween 1941 and 1942

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

Completed Grand Coulee Dam3/13527Electrical power station with Grand Coulee Dam in full operation in the background19533/13528-529Water flowing through Grand Coulee Dam with observation points in the foreground1953

Contact sheet with two photos.

3/13530Water flowing through the Grand Coulee Dambetween 1950 and 19603/13531Water flowing through the Grand Coulee Dambetween 1960 and 1970

Photographic Productions, Seattle (photographer)

Written on verso: Used in 1963 annual report.

3/13532Water flowing through Grand Coulee Dam with Engineers' Town in foreground at right1955 3/13533Bust of Franklin D. Roosevelt at Grand Coulee Dam1955

Thompson (photographer)

Typed on verso: Bust of the late F.D.R. on the north end of the Coulee Dam. It faces Roosevelt Lake, named for him, because of his personal interest in the Coulee Dam and its plan to irrigate millions of acres of arid land.

3/13534Man walking through the concrete tube of the Soap Lake Siphon 1942?

Bureau of Reclamation (photographer)

Note affixed to verso: SOAP LAKE SIPHON: An interesting feature of the Columbia Basin irrigation system in Washington State is the Soap Lake siphon. The interior view shown in the above picture was taken near the end of the 2.44 mile-long concrete bore. Boasting an inside diameter of 25 feet, the siphon carries the entire flow of the West Canal from the east side of the Grand Coulee around the northern end of Soap Lake to the west side fo the Grand Coulee. -- Bureau of Reclamation Photo.

3/13535Beach at Lake Roosevelt created by Grand Coulee Dam1968? Negatives4Negativesbetween 1838 and 1941

44 nitrate negatives, numbers ranging from C-38 to C-934. Original negative envelopes, several containing extensive typed notes.