uok_1000_042.xml J.W. Thompson photograph collection, circa 1953-1955 Thompson (J.W.) photograph collection, circa 1953-1955 Finding aid prepared by Jade D'Addario Seattle Public Library, Special Collections May 2022
1000 4th Ave. Seattle, WA 98104 Business Number: 206-386-4636 specialcollections@spl.org https://www.spl.org/programs-and-services/arts-and-culture/special-collections

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 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on 2024-08-07. Description is written in: English, Latin script. Finding aid based on DACS (Describing Archives: A Content Standard), 2nd Edition. Seattle Public Library, Special Collections J.W. Thompson photograph collection Thompson, J. W. (John W.), 1890-1978 1000-042 2.42 linear feet 6 boxes 268 photographs circa 1953-1955 Photographs of Native Americans taken during Thompson's travels through Washington State and Oregon during the early 1950s. English .

John W. Thompson (1890-1978) was born on June 26, 1890 in Dexter, Missouri. As a teenager, he moved to Oregon and married Mabel S. Anderson in Portland in 1910. The 1920 census shows the couple living in Clatskanie, Oregon with their four children. John and Mabel divorced circa 1923 and John married Mabel's sister, Emily, circa 1925. They had one child together.

The family moved to Seattle circa 1929. Thompson worked in the Seattle Public School system for decades teaching botany and zoology at Ballard, Cleveland, Franklin and Lincoln High Schools. During these years, he was also an active field botanist, with samples he collected still housed at the Smithsonian and Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History.

During the early 1950s, Thompson traveled throughout Washington taking photos that he turned into educational slide and print sets which he sold to schools, libraries and museums. A portion of these photos focused specifically on Pacific Northwest Native American tribes, showing scenes from daily life and festive celebrations. This project was initiated by a trip to Toppenish where Thompson was visiting his sister and discovered that tribal leaders had gathered nearby to commemorate the Treaty of 1855 which led to the creation of the Yakima Reservation. Thompson spoke with the leaders and they allowed him to document the gathering.

By 1955, Thompson was a faculty member with the University of Washington Botany Department and by 1957 was an assistant curator at the University of Washington Herbarium.

Thompson died in Renton, Washington in 1978.

The collection includes photographs of Native Americans throughout Washington State and Oregon with many taken on local reservations. They feature images of the Chehalis, Chinook, Colville, Kalispel, Lummi, Makah, Nez Perce, Quileute, Quinault, Swinomish, Tulalip Indians, Umatilla and Yakama tribes. One photo of the Duwamish Tribe is also included. The photographs depict scenes of daily life, festivals and rodeos, arts and crafts traditions including basket weaving and totem pole carving, and fishing scenes at Celilo Falls just prior to the construction of the Dalles Dam in 1957.

Thompson maintained notes for each image identifying the scene and people depicted within it which he used to create an index of the full set of photographs he sold. The collection inventory found later in the finding aid includes a direct transcription of each photograph's description as included in Thompson's index. Thompson's full set of photographs included 382 images of Native Americans. The Seattle Public Library purchased 268 of these so there are some gaps within the collection. The index that accompanies the collection (included in Box 1) includes descriptions of all photos in Thompson's original set, including the photos not purchased by the Library. The prints included in the library's collection are: 1-111, 113-114, 116-123, 125-126, 129-133, 135-137, 142-143, 145, 147-148, 150-151, 153-165, 167-168, 170, 173-174, 176, 178-181, 183, 185, 187, 192, 195-196, 198, 201-203, 205, 207-209, 214-217, 221, 223-229, 232-233, 237-239, 247, 250-252, 257, 266, 271-275, 287, 292, 294, 299, 303, 305-310, 313-316, 318, 321-330, 332-337, 339-349, 351, 353-357, 359-364, 367, 369, 371, 374-376, 378, 380.

These images include the following individuals who are listed alphabetically: Arcasa, Louise Balch, Mrs. Barber, Mrs. Barker, Nora Beaver, Harry Bill, Bernice Bill, Phillip Billy, Agnes Billy, Louise Billy, Oscar Billy, Oscar, Mrs. Bruce, Al Bob, Tommy Burke, Clarence Burke, Florine Burke, William, Mrs. Catli, Donald, Mrs. Catli, Marcelina Charles, Al Charles, Mary Colwash, Lavina Cornoyer, Josephine Covington, John Charles, Thomas Charley, Job Cox, Etta Cox, Inez Cox, Wilhelm Crow, Louis Daniels, Paulette Dick, Ned, Mrs. Dick, Sally Dick, Wanda Dover, Harriet Shelton George, Aluina George, Ann George, Elsie George, Elvina George, Harry George, Isabel George, Jack George, Juanita George, Kelly George, Richard Gibson, George Green, Mary Harknet, John Harrison, Dolores Harry, Annie May Harry, Rosalie Heck, Rena Heck, Tommy Hillaire, Joseph (Joe) Hillaire, Lena Hillaire, Lewis Hunter, Carol Ideas, Celia Howiattle, Mattie Jimmicum, Emma Joe, Joseph Johnson, Annie Johnson, Tom Jones, William, Mrs. Jim, Maggie Kamiakin, Cleveland Kamiakin, Harry Kowoosh, Peter La Chester, Ralph Looney, Eagle Looney, Eva Looney, Jim Markishtum family Martin, Paul McKay, Diana Meninick, Calvin Meninick, Johnson Meninick, Vivian Miller, Helen Millholland, Rita Minthorn, Sylvester, Mrs. Mitchel, Alice Marie Mitchell, Romagene Moore, Clara Moses, Harvey Musmusto, Yvonne Nanamkin, George Nenema, Christine Nenema, Darlene Nenema, Mary Nenema, Susan Onepennee, Ellen Onepennee, Flora Onepennee, Gilbert Onepennee, Joan Onepennee, Nellie Onepennee, Nelson Owhi, Harry Parr, Melissa Penn, Agnes Penn, Steve Penn, William Phillips, Pauline Phillips, Rosalie Pickernell, Bessie Pistilhead, Elsie Quaempts, Loretta Saluskin, Alex Sampson, Donnie Sampson, Jerry Sampson, Linnea Sanchez, Annette Sanchez, Charles Scott, Doris Scott, Yvonne Scneke, Marilyn Seelatsee, Eagle Shelton, John, Mrs. Sivonen, Bobby Sivonen, Nick, Mrs. Sloway, Ida Smartlowet, Issac Smith, Eileen Sohappy, George Solomon, Mrs. Speedis, Charley Spencer, Rosa Stevens, Frank Stevens, Pat Strom, Larry Strom, Leon Strom, Lillian Strom, Sheila Strom, Ted Strom, Ted, Jr. Sulatsee, Alex Sulatsee, Mary Ann Swan, Charley Swan, Ruth Telekist, Charles Thomas, Sean Thompson, Cynthia Thompson, Flora Thompson, Tommy Totus, Anita Totus, Celia Totus, Watson Underwood, Bob Underwood, Dave Underwood, Hazel Wachawitt, Lee Wahsise, Pauline Watlamet, Antoine Waters, Mrs. Waters, Willie Weaseltaile, Jim Weaseltaile, Louise Wesley, Arlene Wesley, Jeanette Wesley, Jennie Wesley, Mrs. Wesley, Ray Wilbur, Tandy Williams, Albert Williams, Elija Williams, Mary Williams, Taft Woodruff, Sharon Wynookie, Wysookie Yellow Wolf, Minnie

Photographs are arranged in their original order.

In 1997, John W. Thompson's daughter, Lucile Munz, donated a collection Thompson's slides to the Maryhill Museum of Art. In 2004, Maryhill transferred the slides relating to tribes west of the Cascades to the Museum of History and Industry and retained the images for tribes on the eastern side of the state. The University of Washington also holds a collection of 1,700 slides, originally held in the school's Botany Department and now housed in Special Collections.

The Seattle Public Library purchased this set of photographs from J.W. Thompson in the 1950s.

Collection is open and available for use.

The Seattle Public Library does not have conclusive information pertaining to the copyright status of this collection as of May 2022 but has reasonable cause to believe that the collection is not covered by copyright or related rights. Items published between 1926 and 1963 would need to be published with proper copyright notice and have their copyright renewed to still be in copyright today. Special Collections staff found no record of renewal in the US Copyright Office's registration and renewal records but other restrictions may apply. Users should conduct their own research before using this collection for any purposes not permitted under the Fair Use exception of the United States copyright law. Please contact the Seattle Public Library Special Collections Department at ask@spl.org for questions regarding use.

[ITEM DESCRIPTION], J.W. Thompson photograph collection. Seattle Public Library, Seattle, WA.

Acknowledgement of Harmful Content The Seattle Public Library Special Collections Department is committed to creating an inclusive archive that documents the history of our diverse communities in a respectful manner. Our collections include historic materials that may contain images and outdated language which can be harmful due to issues such as racism, colonialism, sexism and homophobia. This content can provide important insight into the creator and context of the historic materials but can also reveal hurtful biases and prejudices.

We may decide to use or retain harmful language in our description when the terms have been used by the creator(s) of the materials to describe themselves or their community; when we have reused description created by the donor; when we have transcribed information directly from the materials; and when using national standards such as Library of Congress Subject Headings, which allow for standardized searching and retrieval of records. When including language from the original material in our finding aids or descriptions, we will indicate that this material comes directly from the original item by putting the language in quotes or prefacing it with a note that says the description is transcribed from the item or provided by the creator.

We will continually review our finding aids to identify harmful language and encourage you to contact us at specialcollections@spl.org if you find language that causes concern.

 Thompson, J. W. (John W.), 1890-1978--Photograph collections Dugout canoes--Washington (State)--Photographs Indian baskets--Washington (State)--Photographs Indian reservations--Washington (State)--Photographs Indians of North America--Boats--Washington (State)--Photographs Indians of North America--Fishing--Washington (State)--Photographs Indian textile fabrics--Washington (State)--Photographs Chehalis Indians--Photographs Chinook Indians--Photographs Colville Indians--Photographs Duwamish Indians--Photographs Kalispel Indians--Photographs Lummi Indians--Photographs Makah Indians--Photographs Nez Percé Indians--Photographs Quileute Indians--Photographs Quinault Indians--Photographs Swinomish Indians--Photographs Tulalip Indians--Photographs Umatilla Indians--Photographs Yakama Indians--Photographs Indian wood-carving--North America--Photographs Native Americans Washington (State) Oregon Photographs Women Index to photographs circa 1953-1955 1 1 Photocopies of photographs Prints 1-10 circa 1953-1955 1 2 Prints 11-20 circa 1953-1955 1 3 Prints 21-30 circa 1953-1955 1 4 Prints 31-40 circa 1953-1955 1 5 Prints 41-50 circa 1953-1955 1 6 Prints 51-60 circa 1953-1955 1 7 Prints 61-70 circa 1953-1955 1 8 Prints 71-80 circa 1953-1955 1 9 Prints 81-90 circa 1953-1955 1 10 Prints 91-100 circa 1953-1955 1 11 Prints 101-110 circa 1953-1955 1 12 Prints 111-123 circa 1953-1955 1 13 Prints 125-142 circa 1953-1955 1 14 Prints 143-157 circa 1953-1955 1 15 Prints 158-173 circa 1953-1955 1 16 Prints 174-192 circa 1953-1955 1 17 Photographs Ind 1. The long hours, or ceremonial tent of the Rock Creek Indians. These Indians are a branch of the Yakima Indians, and live in a remo[t]e creem canyon above Celilo Falls on the Washington side of the river. These Indians have lived here for centuries, and refuse to leave. Twice when removed to the Yakima Reservation, they gathered themselves together, and in the dead of night, began a return to their ancestral home, 90 miles away. Uncle Sam finally gave up, and granted patents to them. Each year, about our Easter time, these Indians put on a Root Feast, a sort of farewell to winter and dried fish and fruit, and a welcome to the fresh fish and wild roots. It is a solemn affair, with singing, dancing and feasting. Usually lasts three days. It is preceded by the Indian women going out over the barren hills, gathering bitterroot, cous, and several others which has become full of sap. The men go down to the Celilo Falls and catch a fresh supply of salmon. The long house is quite roomy, in which the dancing is held in the early morning, and again at night. Some dance in groups of three, either all men or women in each trio. So far none has taken pictures inside of either the dancing or the feasting, due to objections of some of the older and more superstitions Indians. circa 1953-1955 2 1 Ind 2. Indian women preparing the fresh fish for the feast. circa 1953-1955 2 1 Ind 3. A group of Rock Creek Indian Women and children on the way to the feast. circa 1953-1955 2 1 Ind 4. Quartette of Rock Creek Indian girls, being teased by the boys for letting their pictures being taken. circa 1953-1955 2 1 Ind 5. Six Rock Creek Indian women, who had put on the feast. They are from left to right. Maggie Jim, Juanita George, Isabel George, Mrs. Oscar Billy, Louise Billy and Agnes Billy. circa 1953-1955 2 1 Ind 6. Inside the longhouse, during an intermission of the dancing, - Jack George is warming his tom tom, while Chief Oscar Billy standing, looks on. circa 1953-1955 2 2 Ind 7. Visitors to the feast from other reservations are provided with a bench just outside the longhouse entrance. The old woman at the end of the bench did not want her picture taken, and wheeled around to have her back turned. circa 1953-1955 2 2 Ind 8. Four important visitors at the feast are, from left to right: Kelly George, Lee Wachawitt, Watson Totus who is on the Indian Council at Toppenish, and George Gibson from the Umatilla Reservation. circa 1953-1955 2 2 Ind 9. Visitors all entering the one small entrance to the feast inside. circa 1953-1955 2 2 Ind 10. Isaac Smartlowet, a paralytic confined to a wheelchair since he was eight years old, is a frequent visitor to Indian festivals. circa 1953-1955 2 2 Ind 11. At the conclusion of the feast each day, the men first and the women follow, emerge from the tent on the left, march completely around the large tent, assemble in front of the chief that puts on the feast, and awaits his dismissal that the feast if over for that day. Oscar Billy stands by the exit on the left. As soon as the floor is cleared of the remains of the feast, dancing is begun and continued until late hours. circa 1953-1955 2 3 Ind 12. Indian encampment at Nespelem. Each Fourth of July, the Indians of the Colville Indian Reservation make a camp at Nespelem, not far from the headquarters of the Reservation. In the center is a large wooden house or shed which serves as their longhouse. The celebration lasts several days. circa 1953-1955 2 3 Ind 13. Elija Williams, well known Indian of the reservation, Nez Perce by descent, stand in front of his tepee in full regalia. His grandfather was one of Chief Joseph lieutenants. He is a sports enthusiast. circa 1953-1955 2 3 Ind 14. Elija Williams in a close up. circa 1953-1955 2 3 Ind 15. Harry Owhi, who is the secretary of the Colville Council. He would not dress up for the occasion of having his picture taken. circa 1953-1955 2 3 Ind 16. Indian women preparing the feast on the floor of the long house at Nespelem, following Indian tradition. circa 1953-1955 2 4 Ind 17. 88 year old Cleveland Kamiakin, standing at the left, is talking to the assembled Indians, urging peace among themselves, soberness and industry. While he speaks all heads are bowed and the food in front of the seated Indians is untouched until he finishes. By him stands Harry Nanamkin, official interpreter, who will translate the speech into the various languages of the tribes present, and finally into English for the benefit of the large number of white visitors. circa 1953-1955 2 4 Ind 18. Harry Nanamkin translating the speech of Cleveland Kamiakin. circa 1953-1955 2 4 Ind 19. View of crowd during the time Cleveland Kamiakin is talking, not touching food until [t]he translation is finished. circa 1953-1955 2 4 Ind 20. The Nespelem feast in progress, being waited upon by various important Indian women. In the foreground is Ann George, daughter of Cleveland Kamiakin, pouring coffee to those eating. circa 1953-1955 2 4 Ind 21. Memory trail at Ellensburg Rodeo. At the beginning of each day's program at the Ellensburg Rodeo, the Indians ride down this sagebrush covered slope right down into the arena. It is at the east end of the grounds and in full view of the seated spectators. Procession is lead by Aluina George, and to her left is Pauline Wahsise, the Indian Princess for the year 1953. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 5 Ind 22. Jim Weaseltaile holding tom-tom, with wife and relatives. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 5 Ind 23. Jim Weaseltaile dressed and beating the Indian tom-tom. circa 1953-1955 2 5 Ind 24. Louise Weaseltaile dressed and beating the Indian tom-tom. circa 1953-1955 2 5 Ind 25. An array of moccasin patterns, Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 5 Ind 26. Wanda Dick, Yakima Indian girl, dressed for the parade. circa 1953-1955 2 6 Ind 27. Wanda Dick, mounted at left with grandmother, ready for parade. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 6 Ind 28. Pauline Wahsise, Indian princess at Ellensburg Rodeo, 1953. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 6 Ind 29. Sally Dick, catching up with her moccasin repairs. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 6 Ind 30. Celia Totus, wife of Bert Totus, famous for her bead work. Only a color photography could to justice to the outfit she has here. circa 1953-1955 2 6 Ind 31. Mrs. Kelly George in center, and daughter Aluina on her right, and daughter Elsia on her left. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 7 Ind 32. Aluina George - Closeup. circa 1953-1955 2 7 Ind 33. Aluina George - Mounted - Only color could do justice to the display. circa 1953-1955 2 7 Ind 34. Elsie George, close up. She was in the dances in the arena. circa 1953-1955 2 7 Ind 35. Richard George, brother of the two above, all decked out for the parade. circa 1953-1955 2 7 Ind 36. Richard George, - close up. circa 1953-1955 2 8 Ind 37. Donnie Sampson on his spirited horse. Later Donnie beat the war drum. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 8 Ind 38. Jerry Sampson, son of Donnie above, starts out to explore the Indian camp and stops crying to have his picture taken. circa 1953-1955 2 8 Ind 39. Mrs. Kelly George decides to join in the parade at Ellensburg. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 2 8 Ind 40. Anita Totus says she is ready for the parade, Kelly George in back left. circa 1953-1955 2 8 Ind 41. Anita Totus, close up. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 3 1 Ind 42. Gilbert Onepennee, wide and young daughter, ready for the parade. Yakima Tribe. Later Gilbert beat the war drum. circa 1953-1955 3 1 Ind 43. Ellen and Nellie Onepennee ready for the parade. Yakima Tribe. Nellie was just a bit bashful at having her picture taken. circa 1953-1955 3 1 Ind 44. Ellen and Nellie Onepennee, daughters of Gilbert, close up. circa 1953-1955 3 1 Ind 45. Gilbert Onepennee's oldest girl, ready to join in parade. circa 1953-1955 3 1 Ind 46. Dolores Harrison, granddaughter of Chief George Yallup, dressed for parade. circa 1953-1955 3 2 Ind 47. Mrs. Ned Dick ready to join in the parade. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 3 2 Ind 48. Watson Totus, nicknamed "Buster", all dressed for parade. He is a member of the Yakima Council, and rode in Eisenhower's inaugural parade. circa 1953-1955 3 2 Ind 49. Watson Totus, close up. circa 1953-1955 3 2 Ind 50. Charles Telekist, holding Indian banner, corresponding to flag with us, beside his horse, which is loaded down with expensive furs. Mr. Telekist manages the long house at White Swan, a modern building in which to hold the various Indian festivals of that region. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 3 2 Ind 51. C[h]arley Telekist, riding his favorite horse. circa 1953-1955 3 3 Ind 52. Indian Camp at Ellensburg all ready to move. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 3 3 Ind 53. Leaving the Indian camp to join in the parade. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 3 3 Ind 54. The huge war drum being held by several drummers. circa 1953-1955 3 3 Ind 55. Dancers - Frank and Pat Stevens. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 3 3 Ind 56. War Drum on the ground - two little dancers on the right. circa 1953-1955 3 4 Ind 57. Johnson Meninick - ready for the big dance. circa 1953-1955 3 4 Ind 58. Little War Dance - Ellensburg Rodeo. 1953 3 4 Ind 59. Mrs. Elsie Pistilhead, Mrs. Wesley, and Mrs. Ida Sloway escorting their children to arena where all will join in the dances. circa 1953-1955 3 4 Ind 60. Dancers at Toppenish waiting for their cue. circa 1953-1955 3 4 Ind 61. Indian camp at Toppenish. 1953 July 4 3 5 Ind 62. Indian camp early morn, Toppenish. 1953 3 5 Ind 63. Indian parley between chiefs, Toppenish, 1953, near sundown. 1953 3 5 Ind 64. Vivian Meninick of Granger, at Toppenish celebration. 1953 3 5 Ind 65. Calvin Meninick, brother Vivan, Toppenish. 1953 3 5 Ind 66. Willie Waters and wife. Toppenish. Mrs. Waters is skilled in bead and basket work. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 3 6 Ind 67. Waiting for parade to start, Toppenish. 1953 3 6 Ind 68. Jeanette Wesley, gifted singer and Yakima beauty, former Toppenish princess, and once national winner of Indian beauty contest. circa 1953-1955 3 6 Ind 69. Mary Ann Sulatsee, 1953 Toppenish Princess, niece of Alex Sulatsee, chairman of the Yakima Indian Council. circa 1953-1955 3 6 Ind 70. Rosalie Phillips, ready for parade at Toppenish celebration. 1953 July 4 3 6 Ind 71. The Sloway sisters, with Bernice Bill in the center, visiting Indian princesses from Pendleton at Toppenish. 1953 July 4 3 7 Ind 72. Louis Crow, in full regalia, Yakima Tribe. Toppenish. 1953 July 4 3 7 Ind 73. Arlene Wesley, Wapato celebration, Labor Day, 1953. Arlene attends school at White Swan, and this year won the National Beauty Indian Contest at Denver. A charming Indian girl. 1953 September 7 3 7 Ind 74. Yvonne Musmusto, Yakima Indian Princess, attends school at White Swan, a charming lady. circa 1953-1955 3 7 Ind 75. Jim Looney and Job Charley, Yakima Tribe, in full regalia. 1953 3 7 Ind 76. Two Yakima Indians gone modern except for the long hair. The one on the left is Harry Beaver, a member of the Yakima Indian Council. 1953 3 8 Ind 77. Weary Indian woman and child. Toppenish. 1953 3 8 Ind 78. Indian camp, Pendleton. 1953 3 8 Ind 79. Summer tepee, of woven mats, real Indian article, not canvas, as many tepees are today. Pendleton. 1953 3 8 Ind 80. Mrs. William Jones, doing beadwork in tepee at Pendleton Camp. Umatilla Tribe. 1953 3 8 Ind 81. Tom Johnson, Umatilla Tribe, directing dancing at Pendleton. 1953 4 1 Ind 82. Pendleton queen of 1953, and her court. From left to right. Yvonne Scott, Princess Doris Scott, Queen Diana McKay, Melissa Parr who was the first Indian Queen of the Pendleton Roundup in 1933, Princess Loretta Quaempts, and Princess Linnea Sampson. Umatilla Tribe. 1953 4 1 Ind 83. Queen Diana McKay of the 1953 Pendleton roundup, and Princess Yvonne Scott. 1953 4 1 Ind 84. Bernice Bill, Umatilla Tribe, in gorgeous beaded outfit. Close up. circa 1953-1955 4 1 Ind 85. Bernice Bill, on a valuable horse. Pendleton Roundup. 1953 4 1 Ind 86. Phillip Bill, Father of Bernice, on same horse without saddle. Umatilla Tribe. circa 1953-1955 4 2 Ind 87. Phillip Bill, Umatilla Tribe, close up. circa 1953-1955 4 2 Ind 88. Clarence Burke, a huge Indian, head man of the Umatilla Reservation. At Pendleton Roundup. 1953 4 2 Ind 89. Mrs. George Gibson, George Gibson, and Albert Williams. The Gibsons are Umatilla Tribe, but Williams is Nez Perce. Pendleton Roundup. 1953 4 2 Ind 90. Albert Williams, full length in front of tepee at Pendleton. 1953 4 2 Ind 91. Albert Williams, close up. He has an ornamented Tom Tom. He is a cousin of Elija WIlliams of Nos. 13 and 14. circa 1953-1955 4 3 Ind 92. Harry George, Cayuse Tribe, one of the war drummers. circa 1953-1955 4 3 Ind 93. Rosa Spencer, winner of Indian Beauty Contest, Pendleton. 1953 4 3 Ind 94. Josephine Cornoyer, Nez Perce Indian Beauty. Pendleton. Close up. 1953 4 3 Ind 95. Josephine Cornoyer, full length in front of teepee. Pendleton 1953. 1953 4 3 Ind 96. Josephine Cornoyer, mounted on her black horse. Pendleton 1953. 1953 4 4 Ind 97. Mrs. Annie Johnson, Indian Dignity personified. Pendleton 1953. 1953 4 4 Ind 98. Mrs. Sylvester Minthorn and baby on board. She is going to be in parade, note script on her hand, which she redeems after the parade in cash. The baby seems to say, "Mamma, my tooth hurts." circa 1953-1955 4 4 Ind 99. Mrs. Florine Burke, of Pilot Rock. Umatilla Tribe. circa 1953-1955 4 4 Ind 100. A little unidentified dancer at Pendleton. 1953 4 4 Ind 101. Mrs. William Burke, Umatilla Tribe, on way to join parade. Pendleton 1953. 1953 4 5 Ind 102. Daughters of Mrs. William Burke being towed behind mother. circa 1953-1955 4 5 Ind 103. Daughters of Mrs. William Burke - close up. circa 1953-1955 4 5 Ind 104. Oldest tepee probably in the northwest, of genuine buffalo skin, inlaid with genuine Indian dyes of long ago. Over 100 years old. May never be on exhibit again, as owner has died since it was set up. circa 1953-1955 4 5 Ind 105. Baskets of Yakima Indians on a parade flat at Toppenish. 1953 4 5 Ind 106. Thomas Charles, Chief Pah-Ha-Pat. Wasco Tribe. 77 years old, and bitter over white man taking all land, and building dam at the Dalles. circa 1953-1955 4 6 107. Remnant of the Chehalis Indians, about 30 left. Eileen Smith, Rena & Tommy Heck. circa 1953-1955 4 6 108. Typical home of Indians of low income, Chehalis Reservation near Oakville. circa 1953-1955 4 6 109. Bay Center - not a reservation - Bessie Pickernell, skilled in basket making. circa 1953-1955 4 6 110. Close up of Bessie Pickernell working on a basket. circa 1953-1955 4 6 111. Basket display of unsold baskets of Bessie Pickernell. circa 1953-1955 4 7 113. Calispel Indian women in modern setting: Christine Nenema and son Glen, Mrs. Susan Nenema, and Mary Nenema and daughter Darlene. circa 1953-1955 4 7 114. Quinault Reservation - two villages, Taholah and Queets. Mrs. Nick Sivonen is dressed and surrounded with Indian material from all over the state. She wears a genuine coastal rain hat, the suit and handbag are Yakima, and the baskets are mostly coastal. Her son Bobby poses with her. circa 1953-1955 4 7 116. Totem pole carvings at Queets. circa 1953-1955 4 7 117. The Hicks boys at Queets dipping for smelt. Their boats are cedar dugouts, but propelled by out-board motors. circa 1953-1955 4 7 118. Taft Williams of Queets working on a new cedar dugout while his son looks on. circa 1953-1955 4 8 119. Bob Underwood and son Dave pass by on the way to the ocean at Taholah. circa 1953-1955 4 8 120. Al Bruce of Taholah removing a large steelhead from a stationary gill net. circa 1953-1955 4 8 121. Mrs. Mary Williams at Queets makes baskets and beadwork. circa 1953-1955 4 8 122. Hazel Underwood of Taholah busily working on a new Indian basket, materials near. circa 1953-1955 4 8 123. Mattie Howiattle, perhaps oldest Indian at Taholah (says she is 101) working on a basket. A typical coastal type of face, descendant of old line of chiefs. circa 1953-1955 5 1 125. Peter Kowoosh, Taholah old timer displays his baskets, also wooden plate and carved image. Peter was once a great fisherman. circa 1953-1955 5 1 126. Indian children at Queets, from 3 different families. circa 1953-1955 5 1 129. The primary grades at Taholah with their well-like[d] Negro teacher. The group shows lots of mixtures, only a few being full-blooded Indians. This is true of all the Indian reservations, with least mixtures perhaps in the Yakimas. circa 1953-1955 5 1 130. Ted Strom, Indian Marshall of the Quinault Reservation and his Nez Perce wife Lillian; Leon and Ted Jr. are the large boys, then Larry and Sheila. circa 1953-1955 5 1 131. As one enters La Push, the town of the Quillayute Reservation, these totems are on the left hand side of the road. Middle figure is the Quillayute form of the thunderbird, so prominent in coastal Indian legends and art. circa 1953-1955 5 2 132. The Quillayutes, as well as the Macahs, hunted the whale. Here. Here William Penn displays some whale relics remaining at La Push. circa 1953-1955 5 2 133. Agnes Penn, William's wife, makes exquisite Indian baskets, and they both pose by her display. The vase-shaped one in the center is very old and was used to cook food in by dropping in red hot rocks. circa 1953-1955 5 2 135. Here a fine mesh net has been thrown around the school of smelt near the mouth of the Quillayute River at La Push. The net is gradually hauled in and the catch is often very large, enough to fill 2 of their cedar dugouts. circa 1953-1955 5 2 136. The final act of emptying the net into the cedar dugouts. The Steve Penn family at La Push. circa 1953-1955 5 2 137. The net is being hauled back into the boat, flipped up and down to throw out any debris it picked up in the smelt drag. The Steve Penn family at La Push. circa 1953-1955 5 3 142. Smaller cedar splits are inserted crosswise of the bigger one and these serve to hold the fish flat open. La Push. circa 1953-1955 5 3 143. The flat side of the salmon is placed before a hot fire, first one side and then other. In about an hour the salmon is baked and ready to serve a la Ind. circa 1953-1955 5 3 145. Mrs. Donald Catli and little Marcelina (3) visiting from Hadlock. circa 1953-1955 5 3 147. Two Macah girls head bands contrasted: Sean Thomas with a head band made of sea shells and Celia Ideas with one made of beads. Neah Bay, Macah Res. circa 1953-1955 5 3 148. Mary Green, Macah dancer, poses to show her full costume. circa 1953-1955 5 4 150. Carol Hunter, Macah Indian girl, in a beautiful shawl. Shawls were introduced by the earliest traders and still remain very popular with the Indians. circa 1953-1955 5 4 151. The Markishtum girls dress in modern Macah costumes - Neah Bay. circa 1953-1955 5 4 153. Mrs. Ernest Millholland and children pose on the beach Neah Bay during Macah Day. She is a relative of Chief Seattle. She and family put on an interesting Indian program. June sings, and all dance well. circa 1953-1955 5 4 154. Little Rita Millholland poses at Neah Bay with a doll papoose on her back. circa 1953-1955 5 4 155. Little Cynthia Thompson and Marilyn Scneke pose in front of the baking salmon during Macah Day at Neah Bay. circa 1953-1955 5 5 156. Close up of the salmon baking for the Macah Day Feast at Neah Bay. circa 1953-1955 5 5 157. William Penn and Paul Martin display old whaling equipment at Neah Bay. The rope is made of cedar fibers and the point is steel. Before white man came, the Indians used a sharp mussel shell for a point. circa 1953-1955 5 5 158. Paul Martin and William Penn show the seal hunting equipment still in use from ancient times at Neah Bay. circa 1953-1955 5 5 159. Charley Swan is perhaps the best known Macah Indian. He is well versed in the traditions and customs of the coastal Indians, Macah in particular. Here he poses with his wife Ruth, and 7 of his grandchildren. circa 1953-1955 5 5 160. Close up of Charley Swan, showing Macah art design on the tom tom. [Not in the collection.] circa 1953-1955 5 6 161. Charley Swan showing full length costume, worn at Neah Bay during the Macah Day. circa 1953-1955 5 6 162. Charley Swan in the "cannibal costume" a kind of select society of the Macahs, of which he is or was a member. His grand daughter, Paulette Daniels, holds two large war whistles. The whistles make sounds like those of woodland animals, and were used to give signals during battle. The cloak shows Macah art. circa 1953-1955 5 6 163. Charley Swan wearing the Thunderbird costume, which played a prominent part in coastal ideology. circa 1953-1955 5 6 164. Close up of Swan in the Thunderbird costume, Macah art, Neah Bay. circa 1953-1955 5 6 165. Charley Swan wearing the wolf mask, shows full length. WAs used in the dance to honor the wolf, figuring prominently in legend and art of Macahs. circa 1953-1955 5 6 167. Charley Swan and grand daughter, Paulette Daniels, with face masks used in ceremonial of the Macahs, often using more than one mask in a dance. circa 1953-1955 5 7 168. Nora Barker, showing full length of her Macah costume, Neah Bay. circa 1953-1955 5 7 170. Ralph La Chester and Emma Jimmicum in Macah costumes and by totem pole made by Ralph. Emma wears the costume for the Thunderbird dance. circa 1953-1955 5 7 173. Emma Jimmicum with Thunderbird cloak spread out to show the Macah art design. circa 1953-1955 5 7 174. Emma Jimmicum in Thunderbird costume, showing side, front and head dress. Macah. circa 1953-1955 5 7 176. Emma Jimmicum, Ralph La Chester behind the mask, and Nora Barker show off the "Mask the Changes Shape" by the wearer merely pulling hidden strings. circa 1953-1955 5 8 178. A symbolic Macah Dance at Neah Bay. circa 1953-1955 5 8 179. Swinomish Indian Reservation at La Conner. Swinomish Indians at the end of church service at La Conner. Father John Harknet in back row. circa 1953-1955 5 8 180. Tommy Bob, Swinomish Indian, and his son show the magic or sgudilato, sticks by which he claims he can cure the sick and confuse his enemies. circa 1953-1955 5 8 181. Tommy Bob, Swinomish at La Conner, beating on the drum to invoke the spirit that controls the power of the sgudilato or magic sticks. circa 1953-1955 5 8 183. The Tandy Wilbur family at La Conner. This Indian family is quite up to date, live in a nice house and in clean surroundings. Tandy and his wife seem to manage the affairs of the Swinomish Tribe, managing the fish traps and the sawmill. circa 1953-1955 5 9 185. Mrs. Lena Hillaire and four of her children on the porch of their house on the Swinomish Reservation at La Conner. circa 1953-1955 5 9 187. Overview of the net labyrinth stretching away to the shore. Fish trying to get by this obstruction follow the net into a final space with a net on the bottom, and out of which they cannot escape. La Conner. circa 1953-1955 5 9 189. Lifting the bottom of the trap to push the contents to a narrow area on the far side. The birds caught in the trap are grebes, and since they each fish, the Indians proceed to club them to death. circa 1953-1955 5 9 192. Here Joseph Joe is distributing the fish too small to sell at the cannery in La Conner. The villagers know the trap has been opened that day and all that need fish, assemble on the dock to get their portion from Joseph Joe, who knows how big each family is. circa 1953-1955 5 9 195. Minnie Yellow Wolf, claims to be last survivor of the Nez Perce War of 1877 under Chief Joseph, now living near Nespelem on the Colville Reservation. circa 1953-1955 6 1 196. Elija Williams and family. He is Nez Perce, and was related to Yellow Wolf, under Chief Joseph. Colville Reservation, Nespelem. circa 1953-1955 6 1 198. George Nanamkin and little daughter by their tepee during the circle camp at Nespelem. He is the official interpreter of the Indian Agency, Nespelem. circa 1953-1955 6 1 201. George Nanamkin and Clara Moore, at the home of the latter, who makes Indian dolls out of buckskin. circa 1953-1955 6 1 202. George Nanamkin on a trick house, Clara Moore the Indian doll maker standing, and a part Indian baby on a board hanging from the porch post in the background Colville Indian Reservation, Nespelem. circa 1953-1955 6 1 203. Clara Moore and her collection of Indian dolls that she makes out of buckskin. Each doll is made to look like some Indian character on the Colville Indian Reservation. She sells them for $35 apiece. circa 1953-1955 6 2 205. Same part Indian baby as in 204, who got bored with it all and went to sleep. circa 1953-1955 6 2 207. Mrs. Louise Arcasa and her Indian costume with the pet deer fawn. Nespelem. circa 1953-1955 6 2 208. Colville Indian woman digging bitterroot, of which the Eastern Indians are very fond. In the spring they go great distances to find this highly desired delicacy, and some modern ones but it up fresh in the cold storage lockers. circa 1953-1955 6 2 209. Harry Owhi, descendent of Old Chief Owhi, in his every day dress. Nespelem. circa 1953-1955 6 2 214. Harvey Moses' father, mother, wife and little girl in Indian costume, Nespelem. circa 1953-1955 6 3 215. Harvey Moses and family in everyday clothes. Harvey is a great grandson of Old Chief Moses. Harvey raises fine beef cattle. circa 1953-1955 6 3 216. Primary Indian school children at their school at Nespelem, Colville Reserv. circa 1953-1955 6 3 217. Spokane Indian Reservation has two towns - Wellpinit and Ford. Here Mrs. Etta Cox, and daughter Inez and son Wilhelm pose by their summer tepee, Wellpinit. circa 1953-1955 6 3 221. Tulalip Indian Reservation, near Marysville. Full length picture of the widow of the late Chief John Shelton, and his daughter, Harriett Shelton Dover. They are standing by a totem pole carved by the late chief. Tulalip Reservation. circa 1953-1955 6 3 223. Totem poles carved by the late Chief Shelton, who also carved the totem poles at Olympia, Everett, and La Conner. This picture was taken in the yard of the former chief at Tulalip. circa 1953-1955 6 4 224. Grave of the late Chief John Shelton, the grave is marked by a huge boulder from his former yard. He did not want an elaborate tombstone like that of Chief Patkanim. In Tulalip Cemetery. circa 1953-1955 6 4 225. Grave of Chief Patkanim at Tulalip, near grave of Chief John Shelton. circa 1953-1955 6 4 226. The last remaining old smoke house at Tulalip, where the Indians held their dances and potlatches. IT should be preserved before it is too late. circa 1953-1955 6 4 227. Interior of the old smoke house at Tulalip, now falling apart. Note the carving on the supporting posts. circa 1953-1955 6 5 228. Celilo, meeting place of the Indians. Here they have gathered to fish for the salmon for centuries, soon to be a thing of the past, as the backwaters of the Dalles Dam will destroy it completely. But here still gather the Indians to fish as long as they can, coming from all over the Northwest, and living in temporary shacks thrown together with a few boards and nails. This shows some of the temporary homes. circa 1953-1955 6 5 229. As long as any Indian can remember, the Indian have held a salmon feast at Celilo in late April or May. These are the Tom-Tom players at the dancing that follows the feast. Dancers circle around the tom tom players. circa 1953-1955 6 5 232. The salmon feast itself. Salmon was baked outside the longhouse, here the Indians have spread or rolled out their old ceremonial mats on the ground, and all orthodox Indians eat the feasts in this manner. In an adjoining room are tables for those who find it difficult to eat on the ground. circa 1953-1955 6 5 233. Two little girls waiting outside the long house at the salmon feast, Celilo. circa 1953-1955 6 6 237. Romagene Mitchell, and baby Alice Marie, are going to join the parade on foot at Pendleton, and perhaps take part in the dance in the arena. circa 1953-1955 6 7 238. Jennie Wesley, Yakima Indian, doing needle bead work in her tepee [sic], Toppenish. circa 1953-1955 6 8 239. Indian longhouse at Toppenish, preliminary plans getting under way, and a few old Indian spectators lounge around and doze, Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 9 247. Elsie George, Mrs. George, and Elvina pose alone. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 7 250. Mrs. Flora Onepennee and her seventh and youngest baby Virginia, Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 7 251. Rosalie Harry, granddaughter of the late Jim Looney, with her first born, Annie May, in the Indian Board. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 7 252. Full length view of Rosalie Harry and her first born, Annie May. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 7 257. 4 Yakima girls in costumes: Jeanette Wesley, Helen Miller, Lavina Colwash, and Pauline Phillips. circa 1953-1955 6 7 266. Close up of Pauline Wahsise in front of her tepee. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 8 271. Closer view of Wysookie Wynookie and her brother George Sohappy in front of the tepee at the fishing ground at the Parker Dam, near Parker, Yakima. circa 1953-1955 6 8 272. Close up of Wysookie and her kitten in front of the tepee at the fishing grounds at the Parker Dam, Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 8 273. Yakima Indian girls picking huckelberries [sic] near "Potato Hill" on the crest of the Cascades on the crest of the Cascades on the Yakima Reservation: Sally Dick, Rosalie Harry, and Louise Weaseltaile with the berry baskets strapped to their sides. Other Indian tepees appear in the background. In the distance are the goat rocks. circa 1953-1955 6 8 274. Close up of Sally Dick and Louise Weaseltaile showing off their huckleberries. circa 1953-1955 6 8 275. Close up of Sally Dick's hands as she picks the luscious huckleberries. circa 1953-1955 6 9 287. Charley Speedis, Indian artist, taken at his home near Toppenish. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 9 292. Eagle Seelatsee, Chief of the Yakimas, in full dress at Toppenish. circa 1953-1955 6 9 294. Eva Looney with Baby Eagle, taken in longhouse at Toppenish. Note dancing costumes hanging on the wall. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 9 299. Full length of Job Charley by this tepee at Toppenish pow-wow. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 9 303. Alex Saluskin, secretary of the Yakima and Indian Council, in full regalia. circa 1953-1955 6 10 305. Yakima Indian council in session, two members absent. They guide the affairs of their reservation as a whole, and work for betterment of their tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 10 306. The Yakima Indians have their own court and judges. There are five judges in the full session, but one or two can sit on the bench for misdemeanors. Your photographer was allowed to take pictures of the court in session: here a young couple is up for leaving their children alone in car on a cold night in Toppenish. The man had a lot of other offences, and the woman judge surely gave him a sentence - six months in jail and a heavy fine. Judge Florence Olney. To the left are the two clerks of the court. circa 1953-1955 6 10 307. The bitterroot plant is highly prized by the Indians, and here Maggie Jim is preparing the roots to cook. Yakima Tribe. circa 1953-1955 6 10 308. Close up of peeling the outer rind of the roots of the bitterroots before they are fit to use. The roots are dug just before the plant blooms. Later it gets tough. circa 1953-1955 6 10 309. Indians have several ways of preserving fish, smoking, baking and pounding to a powder, but here these fish have been air dried in the shade, during which time the fish are covered with flies. The Indians evidently don't mind. circa 1953-1955 6 11 310. Indians are everywhere trying to fit themselves into a changing world. Some are succeeding: here Antoine Watlamet is running a tractor on his farm. circa 1953-1955 6 11 313. White man's progress has destroyed the fishing places of the Indians. Here they are allowed at certain times of the year to take salmon that are jumping over the irrigation dam at Parker. They use a huge dip net, much as they at Celilo. circa 1953-1955 6 11 314. The Indian sweat bath is still observed among most Indians east of the Cascades. Here an Indian boy, Nelson Onepennee, is heating the rocks. circa 1953-1955 6 11 315. Nelson is now transferring the hot rocks to inside the small dome-shaped sweat house. circa 1953-1955 6 11 316. Nelson is now inside the small dome-shaped structure made of twice and mud, and doorway pulled aside. Water is sprinkled with the hands on the hot rocks, and the steam soon fills the little house. Indians stay inside until they can stand it no longer, then dash into the near by water for a plunge. If no stream is near by, someone stands by to dash a bucket or two of cold water on them when they emerge from the house. circa 1953-1955 6 12 318. The Lummi Indian Reservation near Marietta. Here the Indians are making good progress in this changing world, having been in close contact with white people for other a hundred years. By the Lummi Beach Drive is an interesting place, the Barber's hand weaving shop, in which Mrs. Barber, not Indian, has taught numerous Indian girls how to weave and employ them regularly in her shop. Here one of the trained girls sits at her loom. circa 1953-1955 6 12 321. Masks played an important role in the Lummi early day celebrations, and there are still quite a number on the reservation. Here Al Charles poses in one, while little Sharon Woodruff holds a bird mask in her hand. circa 1953-1955 6 12 322. A collection of the huge ugly masks of the Lummi. circa 1953-1955 6 12 323. More masks, with Al Charles, wife and Mary holding the ceremonial drums, or tom-toms. circa 1953-1955 6 12 324. Another view of masks of the Lummi, with Al Charles and Mary holding some. circa 1953-1955 6 13 325. Close up of the largest and ugliest of the Lummi masks, work by Al Charles. circa 1953-1955 6 13 326. Ray Wesley, and his two smaller cousins in their costumes at Marietta. They take part in ceremonial dances, etc. circa 1953-1955 6 13 327. This is a model of the ancient smokehouse of the coastal Indians. In the foreground are two miniature cedar dugouts with a net between them, used in reef netting. Still carried on on the west side of Lummi Island. circa 1953-1955 6 13 328. Closer view of the model of the old smoke house, showing part of the net between two uprights on the left of the picture, - this was used in catching low-flying waterfowl that was once abundant on the nearby bay. circa 1953-1955 6 13 329. Close up of entrance to model of old smoke house, showing the totem poles, thunderbird flying over the entrance with tail coming down over the door so that anyone entering had to bow down to the bird to do so. Small miniature figures show Indians loitering near the doorway. circa 1953-1955 6 14 330. One side of the roof the model is removed, shows inside structure, carving on the supports, and how it is fastened together without the use of a nail, as in the old days. circa 1953-1955 6 14 332. Mrs. Solomon and most of her big family of children, a typical Lummi Indian family. circa 1953-1955 6 14 333. Totem pole carved by Joe Hillaire, perhaps with the help of his son Lewis. circa 1953-1955 6 14 334. Lewis Hillaire and wife Helen stand near the totem pole, part of which can be seen in the background. Lewis is the only coastal Indian seen wearing a goatee. circa 1953-1955 6 14 335. Joe Hillaire is the moving spirit among the Lummi that are attempting to keep alive some semblance of their traditions and ceremonies. Here Joe is showing two of his grandchildren how Indians carve out a cedar log for a canoe. In the days before the white men came, this was done by burning slow fires. circa 1953-1955 6 15 336. Joe Hillaire, his son Lewis and the latter's family stand by some cedar dugouts on the Lummi Beach. The various types of paddles are shown. circa 1953-1955 6 15 337. Mrs. Balch, one of the old timers on the reservation has her picture taken with who of her great grand children: Anette and Charles Sanchez. circa 1953-1955 6 15 339. Mrs. Balch and a whole host of descendants are here in their everyday clothes. circa 1953-1955 6 15 340. Then all of Mrs. Balch's family that had costumes, put them on for this picture. circa 1953-1955 6 15 341. Gilbert and Flora Onepennee show the photographer how a tepee or wigwam is put up: First, tie three of the poles together the right height to take the covering. circa 1953-1955 6 16 342. Raise the three poles to form a tripod, spreading them about the right distance. circa 1953-1955 6 16 343. Add the other poles to form the main framework, leaning the additional ones against the original tripod. circa 1953-1955 6 16 344. Tie the covering the right distance to a pole. circa 1953-1955 6 16 345. Raise the pole with the covering. circa 1953-1955 6 16 346. Bring the sides of the cover loosely around toward the front. circa 1953-1955 6 17 347. Insert the two poles into the flaps that open and close at the top. circa 1953-1955 6 17 348. Finish bringing the two sides together in front and button them up beginning at the top. circa 1953-1955 6 17 349. Secure the front secure with pegs driven into the ground, and spread the poles until the cover is fairly tight, and the tepee is ready to be used. circa 1953-1955 6 17 351. Joan Onepennee wanted her picture taken of her on her little pony in front of the tepee. (Then Joan wanted some candy from the photographer which she got.) circa 1953-1955 6 17 353. Wysookie Wynookie's guests at one of the three tables seem to be enjoying themselves with Indian delicacies. circa 1953-1955 6 18 354. Harvey Moses on the Colville Indian Reservation is a very ambitious Indian, and has a very fine herd of bald face herefords, or beef cattle. Here is one of his three prize bulls with his little boy sitting on top. circa 1953-1955 6 18 355. John Covington on the Colville Reservations also raises beef cattle, but in this picture he is harvesting his hay for winter feed. Note the modern hay loader in the picture, the very latest in labor saving in this rather hard job. circa 1953-1955 6 18 356. Two little dancers, only picture so far of the Duwamish Indians. circa 1953-1955 6 18 357. Andrew Joe in his old costume in which he danced. circa 1953-1955 6 18 359. Sam Tilden, close up, Nez Perce visitor at Pendleton. circa 1953-1955 6 19 360. Celilo Falls, sacred spot for the Indians for centuries, soon to be destroyed. circa 1953-1955 6 19 361. Closer view of the fishing area, Celilo Falls. circa 1953-1955 6 19 362. Sweeping the rapids at Celilo Falls with a dip net. circa 1953-1955 6 19 363. Overhead cables, carries fisherman out to the islands among the Celilo Falls. circa 1953-1955 6 19 364. Close up netting a big Chinook Salmon, Celilo Falls. circa 1953-1955 6 20 367. Each year Celilo has the Salmon feast, and dances. This is the war drum. circa 1953-1955 6 20 369. During dancing, Tommy Thompson and wife Flora, pose for their pictures. circa 1953-1955 6 20 371. Salmon baking in a circle preceding the salmon feast itself at Celilo. circa 1953-1955 6 20 374. Dance scenes at Celilo, during salmon feast. circa 1953-1955 6 20 375. Little war dance, Celilo salmon feast celebration. circa 1953-1955 6 21 376. Owl Dance, in which men and women dance in pairs, Celilo Falls, salmon feast. circa 1953-1955 6 21 378. Tom Johnson, now deceased, director of the Indian dances at Pendleton. circa 1953-1955 6 21 380. Lelooska, Cherokee visitor at Pendleton, in his outfit, face painted red and black. circa 1953-1956 6 21 Unnumbered photograph of petroglyphs 1955 February 28 6 21