UUS_folkcoll008a_7etiological.xml Guide to the Utah State University student folklore genre collection of etiological legends1960-2018 Utah State University student folklore genre collection of etiological legends1960-2018 Finding aid created by Randy Williams and Tricia Harrison, 2002. Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) grant, 2007-2008 Utah State University, Merrill Cazier Library, Special Collections & Archives
Merrill-Cazier Library Utah State University 3000 Old Main Hill Logan, UT 84322-3000 Phone: 435 797-8248 Fax: 435 797-2880 Email: scweb@usu.edu
©2008 Machine-readable finding guide converted from markup derived via template in Altova XMLSpy; markup checked and completed by Todd Welch. June 2008. Finding guide is in English in Latin script. Finding aid based on DACS (Describing Archives: A Content Standard, 2nd Edition) 2009 Template information was updated to reflect Archives West best practice guidelines. Descriptive Summary Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections & Archives Fife Folklore Archives
Merrill-Cazier Library Utah State University 3000 Old Main Hill Logan, UT 84322-3000 Phone: 435 797-8248 Fax: 435 797-2880 Email: scweb@usu.edu
UUS_FOLK COLL 8a_Group 7: Etiological Legends Fife Folklore Archives Utah State University student folklore genre collection of etiological legends 1960-2018 2 boxes (ca. 750 items) 3 linear feet Legends collected by undergraduate students in USU (1960s to present) and BYU (1960 to 1978) folklore classes. Collected primarily in Utah, the items focus principally on folklore of the Western U.S. Collection materials are in English. Restrictions

Open to public research. To access the collection a patron must have the following information: collection number, series number, sub-series number, if applicable, box number and folder number (or image number).

 Copyright

It is the responsibility of the user to obtain permission to publish from the owner of the copyright (the institution, the creator of the record, the author or his/her transferees, heirs, legates, or literary executors). The user agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Utah State University Libraries, its officers, employees, and agents from and against all claims made by any person asserting that he or she is an owner of copyright.

Patrons must sign and comply with the USU Special Collections and Archives Use Agreement and Reproduction Order form as well as any restrictions placed by the collector or informant(s).

Permission to publish material from the Utah State University student folklore genre collection of etiological legends must be obtained from the Curator of the Fife Folklore Archives and/or the Special Collections Department Head.

The items in the Student Folklore Genre Collection were collected by USU and BYU students in folklore and anthropology classes as part of course requirements and deposited in the Fife Folklore Archives by the instructor. Duplicates of BYU student items are housed at BYU's William A. Wilson Folklore Archives. The materials in Group 7: Legends (including character, contemporary, etiological, human condition, supernatural non-religious, and supernatural religious legends) cover the period from approximately 1960 to the present. The collection was created in 1978 by William A. Wilson and Barbara [Garrett] [Walker] Lloyd.

Originally processed by Barbara [Garrett] [Walker] Lloyd and William A. Wilson and updated over the years by Fife Folklore Archives staff. Most recently updated by Nicole Cornwall, 2012. Finding aid created by Randy Williams and Tricia Harrison, 2002; updated by Randy Williams, March 2012.

Utah State University student folklore genre collection of etiological legends, 1960-2018. (FOLK COLL 8a: Group 7, box, folder). Utah State University. Special Collections and Archives Department.

The Fife Folklore Archives Student Folklore Genre Collection consists of folklore items collected by undergraduate students in Utah State University folklore classes from the late 1960s to the present and folklore items collected by undergraduate students in Brigham Young University folklore and anthropology classes during 1960-1978. Most items include informant data, context, text (the folklore item), texture (stylistic notation), and collector data. The items of folklore are in text form on 8 ½ x 11 sheets of line-free paper. Since, 1999 genre items also include release forms. The materials do not circulate. The collection is separated into nine groups:

Group 1: customs (foodways) Group 2: belief Group 3: speech Group 4: tales and jokes Group 5: songs Group 6: games and pranks Group 7: legends: character (boxes 15-16), contemporary (boxes 20-27), etiological (boxes 17-19), human condition (boxes 13-14.2), supernatural non-religious (boxes 7-12), and supernatural religious (boxes 1-6) Group 8: material culture Group 9: e-lore: electronically transmitted folklore (Xerox, facsimile and e-mail)

In the late 1960s, folklore courses were first taught at USU by Professor Austin Fife. At this time, Fife (a French professor) had his students collect items of folklore on pre-printed index cards. The information on the cards has now been transferred to 8 ½ x 11 sheets of paper and the items have been added to the genre collection. At about the same time (1967) at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah, Professor William A. Wilson began teaching folklore classes. Wilson had his students collect folklore using both genre collections and major project (focused) collections. The genre items were separated and filed by genre. Also included in the BYU genre collection were items from two other BYU professors who had their students collect folklore: John Sorenson and Thomas Cheney. The student collections from Sorenson and Cheney were given to Wilson and he added them to the genre collection along with his students' work. On these items, in the upper right hand corner above all other information, Wilson noted "SC" for Sorenson Collection and "CC" for Cheney Collection.

In 1978, William A. Wilson left Brigham Young University to direct the newly established Folklore Program and Folklore Archives at Utah State University. Wilson brought to USU the student genre collection that he had amassed at BYU, with a copy of the genre collection remaining at the BYU library. At the USU folklore archives (later named the Fife Folklore Archives for Austin and Alta Fife), William A. Wilson and Barbara [Garrett] [Walker] Lloyd used the already sorted BYU materials when creating the collection classification system. This classification system, with its roots in the Finnish archive tradition, is still used at the Fife Folklore Archives.

Wilson was at USU until 1985 when he returned to BYU to head the English Department. However, the BYU administration gave him a year's leave of absence to copy all the student materials in the Fife Folklore Archives at USU and bring them with him to BYU. Wilson notes: "Hannele [wife] and I practically lived in the USU archive. Max [Peterson, Director of the Merrill Library] brought a copy machine into the archive, and we copied day after day. First we copied the entire BYU genre collection. Then we copied all the items in the accumulated genre piles [of USU items]." Thus, in 1985 the BYU and USU folklore genre and focused collections were identical. During the following years, William A. Wilson and later Kristi Bell at BYU's Folklore Archives (now named the William A. Wilson Folklore Archives) and Barbara [Garrett] [Walker] Lloyd and later Randy Williams at the Fife Folklore Archives at USU worked to maintain the same classification system at both universities' folklore archives. However, the materials submitted by students from the two universities began, of course, to differ from each other, as students generally collect the kinds of materials their professors talk about in class.

In 1985 Professor Barre Toelken came to USU (from the University of Oregon) to direct the Folklore Program. He continued the folklore-collecting legacy that Austin Fife and William A. Wilson began. Over the years Professors Steve Siporin, Patricia Gardner, Jan Roush, Jeannie Thomas, Lisa Gabbert and Lynne McNeill and instructors Barbara [Garrett] [Walker] Lloyd, Randy Williams, and Michael Christensen (and others) have all had their students collect and deposit folklore items to the Fife Folklore Archives. And thus, the USU Student Genre Collection continues to grow. The format has changed somewhat over the years to reflect the trends in folkloristics. As stated above, many of the early submissions had little contextual data, and often limited, if any, informant data. William A. Wilson created a collecting format that included: informant data, contextual data, and text (item of folklore). Barre Toelken and Randy Williams added "texture" to the format of genre collections, allowing the collector to give "the feel" of the item to potential researchers. In in 1998, students were asked to include release forms with their genre items, following a trend in the folklore field that addresses not only the item (which in some cases, like a joke, may been seen as part of the public domain materials and therefore not needing a release) but also the performance of the lore (and therefore necessary for a release from the performer informant).In 2002, the collection was moved from hundreds of three-ringed binders to archival folders and boxes, making the collection more physically stable and easier to manage and use. In 2003, the collection finding aids were encoded in HTML as a means of hosting them on-line for greater research accessibility. In 2012, the finding aids were hosted in EAD.

Arrangement: topical.

The USU Student Folklore Genre Collection: Group 7: Etiological Legends consists of approximately 750 individual items of legends collected by undergraduate students. Most items include informant, context, text (the folklore item), texture (stylistic notation), and collector data.

Celestial Phenomena and Meteorological Events Origin of Earth and Geographic Features Origin of Animals/Animal Characteristics Origin of People/Human Characteristics Origin of Plants Origin of Beliefs Origin of Customs Place Names Other Names Origin of Products, Items, Objects

Forms one of nine subgroups in the Utah State University student genre collection, housed in the Fife Folklore Archives. Guide to folklore collecting assignments.

For items submitted since December 2017, please see Student Folklore Fieldwork, housed in DigitalCommons.

 Folklore Utah State University. Folklore Program. Folklore archives--Utah. Folklore--West (U.S.) Legends--United States. Supernatural--Folklore. Urban folklore--West (U.S.) 5 Etiological Legends 5.1 Celestial Phenomena and Meteorological Events 17 1 5.1.1 Sun 17 1 5.1.1.1 Tane, a warrior, catches the sun and forces him to go slower, making the day 24 hours longUndated

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 17 1 5.1.1.2 Maui, Hawaiian demigod, catches the sun and forces him to go more slowly, providing his parents more time to get their work doneUndated

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 17 1 5.1.1.3 Indians send out a rabbit that shoots down the sun to talk to him and make him stay out longerUndated

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 17 1 5.1.1.4 Amateras-Ohmirami, the sun, hides behind a rock until the other gods trick her into coming out Undated

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 17 1 5.1.1.5 A hero shoots down nine suns leaving only one to circle the earth Undated

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 17 2 5.1.2 Moon 17 2 5.1.2.1 A young chieftain's bride dies but he sees her in the evening in the pale moonUndated

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 17 2 5.1.2.2 The moon was jealous of the sun, so as a punishment, it was made smaller and less brightUndated

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 17 2 5.1.2.3 Moon is chased by her old suitor, the Sun Undated

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 17 2 5.1.2.4 How the Moon keeps warm Undated

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 17 3 5.1.3 Stars 17 3 5.1.3.1 Indian wives leave husbands because of onions and climb rope into the sky and become the constellation of "Taurus." Undated

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 17 3 5.1.3.2 Eight Indian sons dance and ascend into the sky; one decides to return but trips and is killed. The remaining seven form the "Big Dipper."Undated

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 17 3 5.1.3.3 Badger cuts out stars and coyote throws them into the sky forming the "Milky Way." Undated

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 17 3 5.1.3.4 Pale Moon, because of her purity, is transformed into the evening star as a light for others to followUndated

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 17 3 5.1.3.5 Seven children walk away from their drinking, unkind mother and turn into the "Little Dipper." Undated

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 17 3 5.1.3.6 Father Sky will not let his daughter stay on earth with an Indian boy, hurls them up into the sky where they can be seen as Star Maiden and her loverUndated

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 17 3 5.1.3.7 Seven sons of the creator want to be immortal, decide to turn into stars because they are always there; they form the Big DipperUndated

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 17 3 5.1.3.8 An Indian climbs too high up a mountain to come down again, so his father turns him into the North Star, and because he sits on the edge of a cliff, the North Star never movesUndated

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 17 3 5.1.3.9 Herdboy and Weaver Princess are stars that are punished to circle on another until each July 7 when they meet Undated

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 17 3 5.1.3.10 A little girl is rewarded for kind deeds by her little dipper changing into heavenly stars Undated

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 17 3 5.1.3.11 An old prospector lost flour, sugar and coffee which became the "Milky Way" Undated

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 17 4 5.1.4 Wind Undated 17 4 5.1.4.1 Hawaiians believed that when the wind shifts from its normal pattern, King Kamehameha is madUndated

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 17 4 5.1.4.2 The Chinook wind got its name from a beautiful Indian maiden who was lost; when the warrior felt a warm breeze, they said it was her breathUndated

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 5.2 Origin of Earth and Geographic Features 17 5 5.2.1 Creation of Earth 17 5 5.2.1.1 The Insect people leave their newly created world and fly to the human world above themUndated

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 17 5 5.2.1.2 The star gods fought with the moon god, and the moon god's blood drops become the Japanese IslandsUndated

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 17 5 5.2.1.3 An Indian keeps sending out a coyote to survey the world until he is sure that the creation is finishedUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2 Mountains 17 6 5.2.2.1 An Indian prince and his girlfriend who died become the mountains Poxpocatepetl [Popocatepetl] and IxtatcyeatlUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.2 Vertical ridges on Hawaiian Mountains were formed by huge canoesUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.3 Chief of water and chief of mountain fight over king's daughterUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.4 Sand dunes created by Pacific wind blowing sandUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.5 Mount TimpanogosUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.6 Earth does not become completely flat again after returning from talking to the sky, this is why there are hills and mountainsUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.7 Dinosaurs fall asleep in Utah, are covered up with dirt and rocks and come to form mountainsUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.8 Teton Mountain Range was formed by an Indian as mounds in memory of his parents and sister who were killed by a bearUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.9 Algonquin Indians believe that the Ramapo Mountains were formed by Manitou who dropped rocks from his apronUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.10 Algonquins believe that the Palisades and the Hudson Highlands were built by Manitou to keep in the wicked beings, but they escapedUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.11 An Eskimo wife waits by the sea for her husband; she is covered with snow and turns into Mount Susitna (The Sleeping Lady) near Cook Inlet, AlaskaUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.12 An Eskimo princess waits for her husband who never returns; after her death, the Gods turn her into the "Sleeping Princess Mountain," a part of the Talkeetna mountain range in AlaskaUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.13 Big Rock Candy Mountain came into existence after a good witch let boil over a magical brew of candy which covered and coated the mountainUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.14 Devil's Slide was formed when Satan was kicked out of heaven and slid down to hell Undated

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 17 6 5.2.2.15 Sleeping Giant Mountain on Kauai was formed by the death of a giant Undated

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 17 6 5.2.2.16 Squaws murdered and the braves' grief was so great that Squaw Butte was formed Undated

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 17 6 5.2.2.17 Squaw Peak was formed when an Indian maiden died so she could be with her lover Undated

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 17 6 5.2.2.18 An Indian princess becomes the face of the mountain rather than marry someone she didn't love Undated

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 17 6 5.2.2.19 Squaw kills herself over dead lover; this stains the cliffs red Undated

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 17 6 5.2.2.20 Sleeping Mother bear awaits cubs and forms dunes Undated

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 17 6 5.2.2.21 Thunder in the Hudson Highlands is cause by Henry Hudson playing tenpins Undated

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 17 6 5.2.2.22 Origin of a mountain near El Norro, Puerto RicoUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.23 Why a volcano in Hawaii stopped puffing out smokeUndated

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 17 6 5.2.2.24 How Mt. Timpanogos and the cave beneath it came to be Undated

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 17 7 5.2.3 Rocks 17 7 5.2.3.1 A Paiute brave jumps from a rock because of love for a Ute girl; the rock took the form of a broken heartUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.2 A lady picked seaweed too long and turned into a rockUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.3 When Christ was crucified, little men cried tears that turned into crossesUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.4 Two luck rocks grow into big rocks when a young boy cuts his hair with themUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.5 A man and a woman, who committed adultery, were turned into stone and pushed off the path, but the image reappears every yearUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.6 Tear drops which turn to stone; origin of the Apache TearsUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.7 Woman waiting on the shore for her husband, who is really her brother, turns into the Forever Stone in the Gulf of Ca Mau, VietnamUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.8 A brave Indian saves a princess from a bear with the help of a magic stone which grows into a large rock, Devil's TowerUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.9 An eyehole in the ridge of Weber Canyon is where the devil tied a string to make a yo-yo out of the worldUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.10 Rocky Peak on top of Lone Ridge was piled up by citizens of Laketown in order to hide the bodies of killed IndiansUndated

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 17 7 5.2.3.11 Nun punished for falling in love and turned into stone "The Kneeling Nun" Undated

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 17 7 5.2.3.12 Origin of Paul Bunyan and other rock formations Undated

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 17 7 5.2.3.13 G-Hill Princess refuses to leave Gunnison and died on her hill; a boulder honors her memory Undated

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 17 7 5.2.3.14 Rock formations of an Indian mother and her child enter cave Undated

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 17 7 5.2.3.15 Natural bridge formed by two warring brothers Undated

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 17 8 5.2.4 Oceans, Rivers, Lakes 17 8 5.2.4.1 A good Indian using holy water destroys his enemy when the holy water turns into a lakeUndated

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 17 8 5.2.4.2 A princess cries a lake over the loss of her lover and drowns in itUndated

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 17 8 5.2.4.3 Tequendama, the God, split a mountain to save his people from a great flood; the split formed the great waterfallUndated

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 17 8 5.2.4.4 Bear Lake was formed by tears from the Great Bear Undated

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 17 8 5.2.4.5 An Indian maiden sacrificed herself to the God's and her face can be seen behind Multnomah FallsUndated

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 17 8 5.2.4.6 An Indian Princess was killed and nature honored her by placing a bridal veil over a cliffUndated

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 17 8 5.2.4.7 A tragic lover killed herself, which turned part of a lake redUndated

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 17 9 5.2.5 Canyons 17 9 5.2.5.1 A medicine man turns into a big serpent and causes the formation of Iguazu canyon in order to prevent an Indian princess and her lover from running awayUndated

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 17 9 5.2.5.2 Thistle Canyon was formed by a giant who fell and died Undated

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 17 9 5.2.5.3 Sardine Canyon was named after someone found a sardine tin along the stream that flows next to it. Undated

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 17 10 5.2.6 Countries, Cities, Islands 17 10 5.2.6.1 When a goddess is plowing part of Sweden, a chunk of earth (the city of Copenhagen) is broken offUndated

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 17 10 5.2.6.2 Maui casts his net into the ocean and pulls up islands like Polynesia, Tahiti, New Zealand, and the Hawaiian chainUndated

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 17 10 5.2.6.3 Yellowstone earned its name after a large Indian tribe took a bathroom break together Undated

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 17 10 5.2.6.4 How the islands of Japan came to be Undated

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 17 10 5.2.6.5 Foundation of KoreaUndated

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 5.3 Origin of Animals or Animal Characteristics 17 11 5.3.1 Fish and Sea Animals 17 11 5.3.1.1 A mother and daughter jump into the sea; the mother becomes a turtle and the daughter a sharkUndated

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 17 11 5.3.1.2 Kingfisher wear a War-Bonnet because the Napa made him angry Undated

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 17 11 5.3.1.3 When frogs croak they're really saying, "I'm in trouble!" Undated

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 17 12 5.3.2 Land Animals 17 12 5.3.2.1 The donkey is a protected, sacred animal among the Indians because Christ rode on a donkey onceUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.2 A horn snake eats people and then disappearsUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.3 The coyote kills two deer which ate fruit from the coyote's treeUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.4 The coyote steals food from an Indian, but is thrown into the fire and burns his paws. Because of that, he howls and licks his feetUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.5 The monkey is afraid of the revenge of the wild cat, that is why he lives in treesUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.6 A dog gets angry about a cat because the cat loses the magic amber of their master; that is why they are not friendsUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.7 Unicorns were wiped out because Noah did not load a pair of them on his arkUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.8 Opossum burnt off the hair from his tail trying to turn it black Undated

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 17 12 5.3.2.9 Wicked people killed a helpful giant spider and were cursed with black evil spiders Undated

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 17 12 5.3.2.10 The King of Cats has god-like powers and is immortal Undated

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 17 12 5.3.2.11 Pandas received their coloring by rubbing soot on each other during mourning Undated

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 17 12 5.3.2.12 How Coyotes became bad luck Undated

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 17 12 5.3.2.13 Why the Minx Cat has a squashed face Undated

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 17 12 5.3.2.14 Tabby cats have a "M" on their face as a reward from Mary for keeping baby Jesus warm Undated

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 17 12 5.3.2.15 Unicorns were wiped out because they did not listen to Noah and get on the arkUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.16 Why coyote's don't eat cornUndated

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 17 12 5.3.2.17 Why Corgis are the way they areUndated

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 17 13 5.3.3 Birds 17 13 5.3.3.1 The birds were painting themselves, but the crow slept too long, so when he got there, there was only black paint remainingUndated

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 17 13 5.3.3.2 The ring around the a loon's neck is the beads that were tossed into the water by a dying IndianUndated

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 17 13 5.3.3.3 Crow cheated in a contest and now says, "Caw, Caw" as punishment Undated

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 17 13 5.3.3.4 Robin fanned the fire to keep baby Jesus warm and burnt his chest Undated

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 17 13 5.3.3.5 How butterflies received their color Undated

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 17 13 5.3.3.6 The Great Spirit taught bird to sing to make the world less lonely Undated

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 17 13 5.3.3.7 Why Pelican have a large beak Undated

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 17 13 5.3.3.8 Parrots are green as a punishment for eating all a farmer's mangos Undated

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 5.4 Origin of People or Human Characteristics 17 14 5.4.1 Creation of Races or Nations 17 14 5.4.1.1 Creation of the Miztec kingdom after a great floodUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.2 A king and queen gave birth to one hundred eggs which developed into people who populated the earthUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.3 The Paiute Indians originate from a tribe of giants who almost became extinct as punishment for treating a crippled child badlyUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.4 The Digger, Washoe, and Paiute were created by the wolf, coyote, jack rabbit, sage hen, lizard, and yellow hammer. The humans received the hand of the lizardUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.5 God created blacks by over baking, whites by under baking, and Indians by baking man just rightUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.6 At first, all men were black, so God made a white bath so the people could become white; some people were late, so only the palms of their hands and soles of their feet are whiteUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.7 Navajos believed that there were originally twelve tribes; one tribe got lost, but returned as the Mormon peopleUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.8 The Navajos believe that they came across the great water in a bamboo tubeUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.9 Abraham was fed by Gabriel the angel to save his life because a king had decreed all male children be slainUndated

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 17 14 5.4.1.10 Aryan nation started by a man with unrealistic projections Undated

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 17 14 5.4.1.11 Coyote accidentally scatters the Maker's sticks which becomes the people of the world Undated

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 17 14 5.4.1.12 Matoshka creates people from mud after flood Undated

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 17 15 5.4.2 Creation of Man and Woman 17 15 5.4.2.1 The first man and woman left the presence of the Great White Spirit without permission and had to live away from him foreverUndated

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 17 15 5.4.2.2 Satan tried to complete one of God's men but failed; the result was womanUndated

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 17 15 5.4.2.3 Men and women started as one circle, were broken and now search for their missing half Undated

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 17 15 5.4.2.4 Bear eats garlic and grass for 30-40 days and turns into a woman and starts the human race Undated

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 17 16 5.4.3 Human Characteristics and Traits 17 16 5.4.3.1 The Tongan stopped being cannibalistic because they feared the spirits of the dead would molest themUndated

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 17 16 5.4.3.2 A Russian woman started wearing a veil to hide a kiss mark she received while her husband was awayUndated

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 17 16 5.4.3.3 Men have bulging throats because when Adam ate the apple in the Garden of Eden, he couldn’t swallow it, but rather it got caught in his throatUndated

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 17 16 5.4.3.4 "Outtie" belly buttons are the sign that the babies were not yet ready to be sent outUndated

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 17 16 5.4.3.5 How birth marks are determinedUndated

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 17 16 5.4.3.6 Why the deaf population is so smallUndated

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 17 17 5.4.4 Creation of Individuals 17 17 5.4.4.1 Navajo legend about Changing Woman, the daughter of Earth and Sky, who is taken care of by First Man and WomanUndated

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 5.5 Origin of Plants 17 18 5.5.1 Flowers 17 18 5.5.1.1 The hibiscus has a dark red spot because a fairy jabbed her finger while sewing in the centerUndated

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 17 18 5.5.1.2 Forget-me-not flowers grow where a hawk stopped an Indian from drinking poisoned waterUndated

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 17 18 5.5.1.3 Warrior pulls flower in half, gives one piece to a princess as a sign that he will return; but he never does, and so the naupaka plant has only half a blossomUndated

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 17 18 5.5.1.4 God is moved by and transforms the girls’ blue bonnets into flowers so that they will never be forgottenUndated

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 17 18 5.5.1.5 Indian paint brush stained by blood of murdered Indian woman Undated

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 17 18 5.5.1.6 Indian paint brush used when Indians painted themselves for war Undated

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 17 18 5.5.1.7 Narcissus fell in love with his own image and became a flower Undated

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 17 18 5.5.1.8 Origin of the Indian PaintbrushUndated

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 17 19 5.5.2 Trees 17 19 5.5.2.1 A tree grows where a young girl killed herself out of grief for her dead brother; the tree leaves fall because she cries for her brother, and the leaves are red because of the spilt blood of the innocent boyUndated

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 17 19 5.5.2.2 Christ makes the dogwood tree grow smaller so that it can never again be used to make crosses; he also causes the blossoms to have the form of the cross, with a crown of thorns in the centerUndated

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 17 19 5.5.2.3 A stick thrown away by a man becomes a cottonwood treeUndated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.4 Trees change color in the fall to make the world bright again Undated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.5 Quaking Aspens quake because of the role they played in Jesus's death Undated

.2 (items)

 17 19 5.5.2.6 All trees and shrubs killed leaving a lone bristlecone tree Undated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.7 Trees are in groves because they dance and sing together at night Undated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.8 Pioneers carried Box Elder Trees across the plains Undated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.9 Pine cones have a tiny handprint inside because a pine tree sheltered baby Jesus Undated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.10 Origin of Trees around the Logan temple Undated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.11 In the fall one grove turns a red heart shape to honor tragic lovers Undated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.12 Why Pine Trees have Needles Undated

.1 (item)

 17 19 5.5.2.13 The Widow Maker tree Undated

.1 (item)

 17 20 5.5.3 Edible Plants 17 20 5.5.3.1 A princess’ lover was killed, so his head was buried, and a tree grew where it was buried. Coconuts were the fruit of the tree to remind the princess of his faceUndated

.3 (items)

 17 20 5.5.3.2 God sent a starving people a rainbow. One man walked across the rainbow and brought back riceUndated

.1 (item)

 17 20 5.5.3.3 A plant grew where a king's son had been buried. The king named the plant "Kava" after his son and made a beverage from the plantUndated

.1 (item)

 17 20 5.5.3.4 A kava plant grew where a sacrificed girl had been buried; chief comes to use it at a ceremony after observing the plant's impact on a ratUndated

.1 (item)

 17 20 5.5.3.5 King of Hawaii stole pineapples and planted them by apple trees to make them grow Undated

.1 (item)

 17 20 5.5.3.6 Sego Lily was a gift from the Great Spirit to starving Indians Undated

.1 (item)

 17 20 5.5.3.7 Indian princess apples were stained red by the blood of a slain princess Undated

.1 (item)

 17 20 5.5.3.8 Selu the Mother of CornUndated

.1 (item)

 5.6 Origin of Beliefs 17 21 5.6.1 Christ 17 21 5.6.1.1 When Christ saw the wickedness of the people he cried a great flood of tears which made the Grand CanyonUndated

.1 (item)

 17 21 5.6.1.2 Apaches believe the Christ appeared to them and that his foot prints are visibleUndated

.1 (item)

 17 22 5.6.2 Gods 17 22 5.6.2.1 The coyote took the baby of the water which caused a great floodUndated

.2 (items)

 17 22 5.6.2.2 Fire crackles because Loki, the fire god, is beating his children as punishment for the naughtinessUndated

.1 (item)

 17 22 5.6.2.3 A great white god appeared to the Chigran Indians and teaches them how to liveUndated

.1 (item)

 17 22 5.6.2.4 A great "White Butterfly" visited the Navajos, taught them how to live, and gave signs of his returnUndated

.1 (item)

 17 22 5.6.2.5 Gods turn little girl into eagle to punish her scornful grandmother Undated

.1 (item)

 17 23 5.6.3 Spirits 17 23 5.6.3.1 The coyote took the baby of the water which caused a great floodUndated

.1 (item)

 17 23 5.6.3.2 In an Indian town, the people believe that the spirits of wicked people haunt the town after sunsetUndated

.1 (item)

 17 23 5.6.3.3 Aztec given sign of where to build a city Undated

.1 (item)

 17 23 5.6.3.4 Kakazbal, spirit of evil Undated

.1 (item)

 17 23 5.6.3.5 Sacrifice a pizza to Big Wag, swimming God Undated

.1 (item)

 17 23 5.6.3.6 The Celestial nymph's Hagoromo Undated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0 Miscellaneous 17 24 5.6.0.1 Those desiring strength and courage must climb a mountain where a great chief was buried by his son who then became a great chiefUndated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0.2 How a couple decides that if a dog pants on "Dog Tongue Day," it would be an indication of a short springUndated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0.3 Fountain of Youth Undated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0.4 An Elf tells a little girl that four leaved clovers are luckyUndated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0.5 Why putting a cowboy hat on a bed brings bad luckUndated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0.6 Suicide rock (Salt Lake City) Undated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0.7 Indians believe beaver brings luck Undated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0.8 Story of GilgameshUndated

.1 (item)

 17 24 5.6.0.9 Santa Claus was a carpenter in a townUndated

.1 (item)

 5.7 Origin of Customs 17 25 5.7.1 Dance 17 25 5.7.1.1 The San Juan Indians do a deer dance to honor the son of a virgin who turned into a deerUndated

.1 (item)

 17 25 5.7.1.2 In a dream, a buffalo tells an Indian how to do a Sundance to cure the people of illnessUndated

.1 (item)

 17 25 5.7.1.3 A tribe of Indians sends out a brave to find a way to celebrate spring. The brave meets a bear that teaches him the Bear DanceUndated

.2 (items)

 17 26 5.7.2 Songs 17 26 5.7.2.1 The town drunk was accidentally thrown into a pit with the bodies of those who died from the black plague; when he awoke, he sang the Augustine SongUndated

.1 (items)

 17 26 5.7.2.2 Possible origins of the partridge in the song 12 Days of ChristmasUndated

.1 (items)

 17 27 5.7.3 Speech 17 27 5.7.3.1 The Spanish "Theta" sound originated from a king with a hair lip; the people copied his way of speech out of respectUndated

.1 (item)

 17 27 5.7.3.2 Tikkit Tikki Tembo Undated

.1 (item)

 17 28 5.7.4 Origin of Holidays and Festivals 17 28 5.7.4.1 On April 1, 1572, Belgian and Dutch men beat their opponents in a religious war by means of tricking. This is why the day came to be April Fool's DayUndated

.1 (item)

 17 28 5.7.4.2 Onam, an Indian harvest festival, marks the annual return of a King from the underworldUndated

.2 (items)

 17 28 5.7.4.3 E moGee - The dragon snakeUndated

.1 (item)

 17 28 5.7.4.4 Symbolism of "Something old, Something new..." wedding custom Undated

.1 (item)

 17 28 5.7.4.5 Origin of Valentine's DayUndated

.1 (item)

 17 28 5.7.4.6 La Befana, the Christmas Witch (Italy)Undated

.1 (item)

 17 28 5.7.4.7 April FoolsUndated

.1 (item)

 17 28 5.7.4.8 HalloweenUndated

.1 (item)

 17 29 5.7.5 Origin of Holiday Customs 17 29 5.7.5.1 Jack-o-Lanterns are put out to light the way for a man who can go neither to heaven nor to hellUndated

.1 (item)

 17 29 5.7.5.2 Christmas trees were first used by people in the Northlands in order to give them hope during winter time until the sun would returnUndated

.1 (item)

 17 29 5.7.5.3 Originally, the Christmas tree was decorated with a rainbow by God's angels. After an angel dropped and shattered the rainbow one year, they started to use the shimmering pieces for decorationUndated

.1 (item)

 17 29 5.7.5.4 We hang tinsel on Christmas trees to celebrate the Christmas Spider Undated

.1 (item)

 17 29 5.7.5.5 The Easter Bunny comes bring eggs so children know Spring has arrived Undated

.1 (item)

 17 29 5.7.5.5 Why people put up red during Chinese New YearUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0 Miscellaneous 17 30 5.7.0.1 A Japanese son was throwing his mother off a mountain because she was old. She broke tree branches on the way up so he would not get lost. Because of her kindness, he did not throw her offUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.2 Sego lily becomes Utah state flower after a man who promised to find something beautiful in southern Utah produced the sego lily for his wifeUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.3 The custom to paint houses red in Sweden derives from the discovery that red copper dust protects the woodUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.4 The habit of the English to drive on the left side of the road comes from a time when people found out that it is easier to defend oneself with the sword if walking on the leftUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.5 How Samoan kings got their names Undated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.6 How Irish peasants started eating roast chicken Undated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.7 Origin of flowers on lapelsUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.8 High School Spirit RocksUndated

.3 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.9 Why Barber Poles are red and whiteUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.10 Woods Cross WildcatsUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.11 Woman cuts the end off of a ham because her mother didUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.12 Why you have to stay behind the line at Camp Red CliffeUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.13 Why tourists wedge a stick underneath a rock at SnowbirdUndated

.1 (item)

 17 30 5.7.0.14 Origin of a fish as a symbol of ChristiansUndated

.1 (item)

 5.8 Place Names 18 1 5.8.1 Utah 18 1 5.8.1.A1 Argyle Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.A2 Atoka Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.B1 BirdseyeUndated

.2 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.B2 Bridal Veil Falls Undated

.8 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.B3 Boiler Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.B4 Ballywats Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.B5 Bear Lake Undated

.2 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.B6 Beer Flat Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.B7 Blacksmith Fork Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.B8 Blanding Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.B9 Bogus Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.B10 Bottle Hollow Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.B11 Beaver Mountain Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.C1 Cache Valley Undated

.3 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.C2 Camp Red Cliff Undated

.2 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.C3 Crow Mountain Undated

.2 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.C4 Coonville Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.C5 Cockcomb Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.C6 Chocolate Peak Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.C7 Camel Sock Corner Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.C8 Castle Valley Undated

.2 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.C9 Coalville Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.C10 Centerfield Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D1 Deseret Undated

.2 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.D2 Dividend Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D3 Draper Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D4 Dip-N-Vat Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D5 Dead Horse Point Undated

.5 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.D6 Dead Man's Corner (College Ward) Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D7 Dead Man's Hollow Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D8 Dead Man's Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D9 Devil's Slide Undated

.6 (items)

 18 1 5.8.1.D10 Dead Man's Cave Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D11 Duchesne Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D12 Devil's Soup Bowl Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D13 Dangling Rope Undated

.1 (item)

 18 1 5.8.1.D14 Devil's Hand Mountain Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.E1 ElbertaUndated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.E2 Emery Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.E3 Eureka Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.E4 Echo Undated

.2 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.E5 Erda Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.E6 Eagle's Roost Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.E7 Ephraim CemetaryUndated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.F1 Fairfield Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.F2 Fountain Green Undated

.2 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.F3 Fairview Undated

.2 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.F4 Farr West (photos incl.) Undated

.2 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.F5 Fruitland Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.G1 Goshen Undated

.3 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.G2 Grandpa's Hollow Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.G3 Gravity Hill (Salt Lake City) Undated

.2 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.G4 Grader Road (Southern Utah)Undated

.2 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.H1 Helper Undated

.4 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.H2 Hobble Creek Canyon Undated

.3 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.H3 Hurricane Undated

.10 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.H4 Hall's Cave Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.H5 Honeyville Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.H6 Happy Valley Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.J1 Joe's Valley Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.J2 Jail Rock Undated

.2 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.K1 Kanab Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.K2 Koosharem Undated

.2 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.K3 Kaysville Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.L1 Layton Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.L2 Levan Undated

.5 (items)

 18 2 5.8.1.L3 Loa Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.L4 Liberty Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.L5 Lewiston Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.L6 Lightning Ridge Undated

.1 (item)

 18 2 5.8.1.L7 Lyman Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.M1 MagnaUndated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.M2 MammothUndated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.M3 Marmalade District Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.M4 Midvale Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.M5 Monument Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.M6 Moore Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.M7 Mosida Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.M8 Midway Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.M9 Molly's Nibble/Nipple Undated

.3 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.M10 Mantua Undated

.3 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.M11 Minnie Maud Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.M12 Moab Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.M13 Memorial Hill Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.N1 Newton Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.N2 Nine Mile Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.N3 Nigger-Bill Canyon Undated

.3 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.N4 Nephite Canal Undated

.3 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.O1 Ophir Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.O2 Orangeville Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.O3 Orderville Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P1 Paragonah Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P2 Parowan Undated

.4 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.P3 Payson Undated

.2 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P4 Peoa Undated

.3 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.P5 Point of the Mountain Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P6 Pond Town Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P7 Provo Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P8 Paradise Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.P9 Plain City Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P10 Pleasant Grove Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.P11 Poison Creek Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P12 Promise Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.P13 Providence Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.P14 Pete McElprang Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.R1 Riverton Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.R2 Red BridgeUndated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.R3 RoyUndated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.R4 RichmondUndated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.S1 Salem Undated

.3 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.S2 Sandy Undated

.4 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.S3 Santaquin Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.S4 Soldier Summit Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.S5 Spanish Fork Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.S6 Spring City Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.S7 Sugarhouse Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.S8 Sardine Canyon Undated

.8 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.S9 Shoot’em a Ring Canyon Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.S10 Squaw Peak Undated

.3 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.S11 Swasey's Leap Undated

.2 (items)

 18 3 5.8.1.S12 Spirit Lake Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.S13 Squaw Spring Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.S14 Sunset Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.S15 Squaw Cave Undated

.1 (item)

 18 3 5.8.1.S16 Suicide RockUndated

Digital Items: 1

 18 4 5.8.1.T1 Thead's PeakUndated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.T2 Thistle Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.T3 Tintic Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.T4 Tooele Undated

.13 (items)

 18 4 5.8.1.T5 Toquerville Undated

.3 (items)

 18 4 5.8.1.T6 Toronto's Cave Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.T7 Tub Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.T8 Trenton Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.T9 Tithing Hill Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.T10 Tony's Grove Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.V1 Vernal Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.V2 Vernon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.W1 Woods Cross Undated

.10 (items)

 18 4 5.8.1.W2 Walker's Flat MissingUndated

.1

 18 4 5.8.1.W3 Wellington Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.0 Miscellaneous 18 4 5.8.1.0.1 Utah places named after the Swasey'sUndated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.0.2 Panguitch, Paragonah, Parowan Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.0.3 How did towns of area get their names? Undated

.1 (item)

 18 4 5.8.1.0.4 Wayne County MountainsUndated

.1 (item)

 5.8.2 Other States 18 5 5.8.2.1 Alabama 18 5 5.8.2.1.H1 Horse Pen FortyUndated

.1 (item)

 18 6 5.8.2.2 Alaska 18 6 5.8.2.2.A1 AnchorageUndated

.1 (item)

 18 6 5.8.2.2.K1 Kachemac Bay Undated

.1 (item)

 18 7 5.8.2.3 Arizona 18 7 5.8.2.3.E1 Elephant's FeetUndated

.1 (item)

 18 7 5.8.2.3.L1 Lee's Ferry Undated

.1 (item)

 18 7 5.8.2.3.M1 Marble Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 7 5.8.2.3.P1 Phoenix Undated

.1 (item)

 18 7 5.8.2.3.P2 Pipe Springs Undated

.3 (items)

 18 7 5.8.2.3.S1 Show Low Undated

.3 (items)

 18 7 5.8.2.3.S2 Snowflake Undated

.6 (items)

 18 7 5.8.2.3.T1 Tuba City Undated

.1 (item)

 18 8 5.8.2.4 Arkansas 18 8 5.8.2.4.C1 Christmas TreeUndated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5 California 18 9 5.8.2.5.A1 AzusaUndated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.E1 Eagle Rock California Undated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.K1 Keeler Undated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.L1 Lover's Leap Undated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.M1 Mount Diablo Undated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.O1 Ono Undated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.P1 Point Reyes National SeashoreUndated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.R1 Running Deer Mountain Undated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.S1 Squaw Rock Undated

.2 (items)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.S2 Suicide Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 9 5.8.2.5.V1 Van NuyUndated

.1 (item)

 18 10 5.8.2.6 Colorado 18 10 5.8.2.6.C1 CimmaronUndated

.1 (item)

 18 10 5.8.2.6.E1 Elephant Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 10 5.8.2.6.S1 Sleeping Ute Mountain (photos incl.) Undated

.1 (item)

 18 10 5.8.2.6.T1 Telluride Undated

.1 (item)

 18 11 5.8.2.7 Connecticut 18 11 5.8.2.7.M1 MoodusUndated

.1 (item)

 18 11 5.8.2.7.W1 Wolfpit Road Undated

.1 (item)

 18 12 5.8.2.8 DelawareUndated 18 13 5.8.2.9 FloridaUndated 18 14 5.8.2.10 Georgia 18 14 5.8.2.10.S1 Savannah Undated

.2 (items)

 18 15 5.8.2.11 Hawaii 18 15 5.8.2.11.K1 KauaiUndated

.1 (item)

 18 15 5.8.2.11.K2 Kailua Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12 Idaho 18 16 5.8.2.12.B1 Blackfoot Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.B2 Bloomington Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.B3 Bread Loaf Rock Undated

.2 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.B4 Bone Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.B5 Black Bear Corner Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.C1 Clifton Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.C2 Caribou Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.C3 Cub River Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.D1 Devil's Hand Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.D2 Dirty Head Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.D3 Dingle Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.G1 Gooding MissingUndated

0

 18 16 5.8.2.12.G2 Georgetown Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.G3 Gentile Valley Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.G4 Giraffe Hill Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.H1 Horseshoe Canyon Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.I1 Idaho Falls Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.I2 Indian Woman Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.J1 Jack Ass Mine Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.L1 Lost Cave Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.L2 Lago Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.L3 Lanes Grave Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.L4 Little Butte Cemetery Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.M1 Malad Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.M2 Menan Undated

.3 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.M3 Mink Creek Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.M4 Mound Valley Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.N1 Nampa Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.O1 Ovid Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.O2 Oxford Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.O3 Owyhee Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.P1 Preston Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.P2 Pocatello Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.P3 Pinch Gut Lane Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.P4 Peg Leg Slaugh Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.R1 Rolling Thunder Mountain Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.S1 Soda Springs Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.S2 Suzie's Nipple Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.S3 Strawberry Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.S4 Squaw Leap Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.U1 Ucon Undated

.2 (items)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.V1 Victory Mountain Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.W1 Willow Flat Undated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.0 Miscellaneous 18 16 5.8.2.12.0.1 Dead Horse Cave, Teakettle Cave, etcUndated

.1 (item)

 18 16 5.8.2.12.0.2 Idaho Undated

.2 (items)

18 17 5.8.2.13 Illinois 18 17 5.8.2.13.S1 Salt CreekUndated

.1 (item)

 18 17 5.8.2.13.S2 Starved Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 18 5.8.2.14 Indiana 18 18 5.8.2.14.0 MiscellaneousUndated

.4 (items)

 18 19 5.8.2.15 IowaUndated 18 20 5.8.2.16 Kansas 18 20 5.8.2.16.U1 UdallUndated

.1 (item)

 18 21 5.8.2.17 Kentucky 18 21 5.8.2.17.0 MiscellaneousUndated

.1 (item)

 18 22 5.8.2.18 Louisiana 18 22 5.8.2.18.B1 Baton RougeUndated

.1 (item)

 18 23 5.8.2.19 Maine 18 23 5.8.2.19.S1 SkowheganUndated

.2 (items)

 18 24 5.8.2.20 Maryland 18 24 5.8.2.20.C1 Cabin JohnUndated

.1 (item)

 18 24 5.8.2.20.S1 Silver Spring Undated

.1 (item)

 18 25 5.8.2.21 Massachusetts 18 25 5.8.2.21.0 MiscellaneousUndated

.1 (item)

 18 26 5.8.2.22 MichiganUndated 18 26 5.8.2.22.1 Sleeping Bear DunesUndated 18 27 5.8.2.23 Minnesota 18 27 5.8.2.23.A1 Apple ValleyUndated

.1 (item)

 18 27 5.8.2.23.M1 MinnesotaUndated

.1 (item)

 18 27 5.8.2.23.W1 WinonaUndated

.1 (item)

 18 28 5.8.2.24 MississippiUndated 18 29 5.8.2.25 Missouri 18 29 5.8.2.25.C1 Creve CoeurUndated

.1 (item)

 18 29 5.8.2.25.P1 Peculiar Undated

.1 (item)

 18 30 5.8.2.26 Montana 18 30 5.8.2.26.B1 Bearmouth Undated

.1 (item)

 18 30 5.8.2.26.C1 Chief MountainUndated

.1 (item)

 18 30 5.8.2.26.S1 Song of the Singing Sirens Undated

.1 (item)

 18 31 5.8.2.27 Nebraska 18 31 5.8.2.27.P1 PlattsmouthUndated

.1 (item)

 18 32 5.8.2.28 Nevada 18 32 5.8.2.28.D1 Devil's CorralUndated

.1 (item)

 18 32 5.8.2.28.E1 Elko Undated

.1 (item)

 18 32 5.8.2.28.T1 Tonopah Undated

.1 (item)

 18 33 5.8.2.29 New HampshireUndated 18 34 5.8.2.30 New Jersey 18 34 5.8.2.30.B1 Basking Ridge Undated

.1 (item)

 18 34 5.8.2.30.B2 Bare Hill Undated

.1 (item)

 18 34 5.8.2.30.N1 New Providence Undated

.1 (item)

 18 35 5.8.2.31 New Mexico 18 35 5.8.2.31.A1 ArrayUndated

.1 (item)

 18 35 5.8.2.31.B1 Bathtub row Undated

.1 (item)

 18 35 5.8.2.31.L1 Las Cruces Undated

.1 (item)

 18 35 5.8.2.31.M1 Messilla Valley Undated

.1 (item)

 18 35 5.8.2.31.M2 Matlock Squeeze Undated

.1 (item)

 18 35 5.8.2.31.S1 Shiprock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 35 5.8.2.31.T1 Tucumcari Undated

.1 (item)

 18 35 5.8.2.31.W1 Wichita Falls Undated

.1 (item)

 18 36 5.8.2.32 New York 18 36 5.8.2.32.F1 FreeportUndated

.1 (item)

 18 36 5.8.2.32.H1 Horse Stable Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 36 5.8.2.32.H2 Hoosick Undated

.1 (item)

 18 36 5.8.2.32.M1 Middletown Undated

.1 (item)

 18 36 5.8.2.32.P1 Pearl River Undated

.1 (item)

 18 36 5.8.2.32.S1 Spiten Dival [Devil] Undated

.1 (item)

 18 36 5.8.2.32.S2 Statton Island Undated

.1 (item)

 18 36 5.8.2.32.S3 Sodus Undated

.1 (item)

 18 37 5.8.2.33 North CarolinaUndated 18 38 5.8.2.34 North DakotaUndated 18 39 5.8.2.35 Ohio 18 39 5.8.2.35.B1 Blind Horse TurnUndated

.1 (item)

 18 40 5.8.2.36 Oklahoma 18 40 5.8.2.36.A1 AlfalfaUndated

.1 (item)

 18 40 5.8.2.36.A2 Altus Undated

.1 (item)

 18 40 5.8.2.36.B1 Broken Arrow Undated

.1 (item)

 18 40 5.8.2.36.B2 Burbank Undated

.1 (item)

 18 40 5.8.2.36.G1 Glenpool Undated

.1 (item)

 18 40 5.8.2.36.K1 Keota Undated

.1 (item)

 18 40 5.8.2.36.N1 Needmore Undated

.1 (item)

 18 41 5.8.2.37 Oregon 18 41 5.8.2.37.G1 Grande Rounde ValleyUndated

.1 (item)

 18 41 5.8.2.37.G2 Goat Island Undated

.1 (item)

 18 41 5.8.2.37.O1 Oswego Undated

.1 (item)

 18 41 5.8.2.37.S1 Sleepy Hollow Undated

.1 (item)

 18 41 5.8.2.37.T1 Thief Valley MissingUndated

0

 18 42 5.8.2.38 Pennsylvania 18 42 5.8.2.38.I1 IntercourseUndated

.1 (item)

 18 42 5.8.2.38.P1 Plumsock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 42 5.8.2.38.P2 Prosperity Undated

.1 (item)

 18 43 5.8.2.39 Rhode IslandUndated 18 44 5.8.2.40 South CarolinaUndated 18 45 5.8.2.41 South Dakota 18 45 5.8.2.41.D1 Dead CowUndated

.1 (item)

 18 46 5.8.2.42 TennesseeUndated 18 47 5.8.2.43 Texas 18 47 5.8.2.43.D1 Deaf Smith CountyUndated

.1 (item)

 18 47 5.8.2.43.F1 Friendswood Undated

.1 (item)

 18 48 5.8.2.44 VermontUndated 18 49 5.8.2.45 Virginia 18 49 5.8.2.45.B1 The Bunnyman BridgeUndated

.2 (item)

 18 49 5.8.2.45.F1 Forks of BuffaloUndated

.1 (item)

 18 50 5.8.2.46 Washington 18 50 5.8.2.46.L1 LebamUndated

.1 (item)

 18 50 5.8.2.46.L2 Little Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 50 5.8.2.46.M1 Mount Rainier Undated

.1 (item)

 18 50 5.8.2.46.P1 Puyallup Undated

.1 (item)

 18 50 5.8.2.46.S1 Sumner Undated

.1 (item)

 18 50 5.8.2.46.S2 Seattle Undated

.1 (item)

 18 50 5.8.2.46.W1 Walla Walla Undated

.1 (item)

 18 50 5.8.2.46.Y1 Yakima Undated

.1 (item)

 18 51 5.8.2.47 West Virginia 18 51 5.8.2.47.B1 Big Ugly Undated

.1 (item)

 18 51 5.8.2.47.S1 Seneca Undated

.1 (item)

 18 52 5.8.2.48 Wisconsin 18 52 5.8.2.48.S1 SheboyganUndated

.3 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49 Wyoming 18 53 5.8.2.49.A1 AftonUndated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.A2 Auburn Undated

.5 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.B1 Bedford Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.B2 Blind Bull Creek Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.C1 Cokeville Undated

.3 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.C2 Cabin Creek Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.C3 Cedar Creek Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.C4 Coffee Pot Flat Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.C5 Cody Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.C6 Crowheart Butte Undated

.2 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.D1 Dead Man Creek Undated

.5 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.D2 Devil's Gate Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.E1 Etna Undated

.2 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.F1 Freedom Undated

.7 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.F2 Fairview Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.G1 Grand Tetons Undated

.2 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.I1 Isa Lake Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.J1 Jackson Hole Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.K1 Kemmerer Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.O1 Osmond Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.P1 Prater Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.P2 Poker Hollow Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S1 Smoot Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S2 Star Valley Undated

.10 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S3 Sweetwater Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S4 Skull Creek Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S5 Squaw Creek/Squaw Flat Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S6 Stewart Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S7 Strawberry Creek Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S8 Sublette County Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.S9 Screaming Woman Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.T1 Ten Sleep Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.T2 Thomas Lee Creek Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.T3 Tincup Creek Undated

.3 (items)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.W1 Willow Creek Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.W2 Wailing Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 53 5.8.2.49.Y1 Yellowstone Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0 Miscellaneous 18 54 5.8.2.0.A1 AmesvilleUndated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.B1 Bakersfield Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.B2 Beef Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.C1 Cut Foot Sioux Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.C2 Christine's Run Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.D1 Diana's Pool Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.D2 Dover Lake Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.E1 Eufaula Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.E2 Eagle Pass Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.E3 Everett's Peak Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.E4 El Cajon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.E5 Estes Park Undated

.2 (items)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.F1 Funk's Lake Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.H1 Hell's Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.H2 Hyenga, William (named after) Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.L1 La mesa Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.L2 Latitudes Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.L3 Lost Hammer Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.L4 Lucky Dog Silver Mine Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.M1 Mary's Nipple Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.M2 Monsey Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.M3 Maria's Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.N1 Nigger Dan Hollow Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.P1 Pomona Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.P2 Pickett's Ridge Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.P3 Pelican PondUndated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.R1 Rooster Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.R2 Robin Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.S1 Sands Springs Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.S2 Skiatook Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.S3 Sloatsburg Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.S4 Sawdust lane Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.S5 Salley's Peak Hole Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.S6 Snobakye Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.T1 T’aa Buchiidii Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.T2 Thief Valley Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.T3 Terrace Canyon Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.T4 Targhee Forest and Ski Resort Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.T5 Tai taa Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.W1 Workman Lake Undated

.1 (item)

 18 54 5.8.2.0.Y1 Yahuarcocha Undated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3 Countries - Other than U.S.A 18 55 5.8.3.A1 AfricaUndated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3.A2 Argentina Undated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3.C1 Canada Undated

.2 (items)

 18 55 5.8.3.E1 England Undated

.2 (items)

 18 55 5.8.3.G1 Germany Undated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3.I1 Italy Undated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3.J1 Japan Undated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3.M1 Mexico Undated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3.N1 New Zealand Undated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3.S1 Switzerland Undated

.1 (item)

 18 55 5.8.3.T1 Tonga Undated

.2 (items)

 18 55 5.8.3.W1 Craiy Llewelyn, a house in Breconshire, WalesUndated

.2 (items)

 18 55 5.8.3.GU1 GuamUndated

.1 (items)

 5.9 Other Names 19 1 5.9.1 Family Names 19 1 5.9.1.A1 ApplenautUndated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.B1 Barfus Undated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.B2 Bilbao Undated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.C1 Costello/KastelicUndated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.C2 CunninghamUndated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.D1 Drabble Undated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.F1 FasselinUndated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.H1 Hay Undated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.P1 Price Undated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.P2 Pugmire Undated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.P3 Pinegar Undated

.1 (item)

 19 1 5.9.1.S1 Sondereggar Undated

.1 (item)

 19 2 5.9.2 Street Names 19 2 5.9.2.1 Treasure Drive (Boise, Idaho)Undated

.1 (item)

 19 2 5.9.2.2 Streets in Hyrum, Utah Undated

.1 (item)

 19 2 5.9.2.3 Devil's Bridge (Zurich, Switzerland) Undated

.1 (item)

 19 3 5.9.3 Names of Institutions/Public Places 19 3 5.9.3.1 Peteetneet School (Payson, Utah)Undated

.1 (item)

 19 3 5.9.3.2 Bluebird Restaurant (Logan, Utah)Undated

.1 (item)

 19 3 5.9.3.3 Chapel in Germany guilt by Prince as sign of remorse for killing his brother Undated

.1 (item)

 19 3 5.9.3.4 USU Anthropology Museum Undated

.1 (item)

 19 3 5.9.3.5 the nine Mounds of Saga Prefecture (Kyushu, Japan) Undated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4 Nicknames 19 4 5.9.4.1 Bora BoraUndated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4.2 "School in the Swamp" (Spring Valley, New York) Undated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4.3 "KKK" (Kankakee River, Illinois) Undated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4.4 "River of No Return" (Salmon River) Undated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4.5 Gringos Undated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4.6 Bowlers Undated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4.7 "Hotel California" is really Camarillo State Hospital Undated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4.8 California Mule Deer Undated

.1 (item)

 19 4 5.9.4.9 Pasta TaraUndated

.1 (item)

 19 5 5.9.0 Miscellaneous 19 5 5.9.0.1 Bologna rocks named after tradition of warming pieces of bologna on themUndated

.1 (item)

 19 5 5.9.0.2 The Lovin' Tree got name from numerous pieces of women's garments that are found hanging in treeUndated

.1 (item)

 19 5 5.9.0.3 Porches named "widow walks" because sailors’ wives used to stand on them and wait for husbands who often never returnedUndated

.1 (item)

 19 5 5.9.0.4 Vaseline Undated

.1 (item)

 19 5 5.9.0.5 Hush puppies Undated

.1 (item)

 19 5 5.9.0.6 A cowardly person is "chicken" Undated

.1 (item)

 19 5 5.9.0.7 The Yucca TreeUndated

.1 (item)

 5.10 Origin of Products, Items, Objects 19 6 5.10.1 Signs and Symbols 19 6 5.10.1.1 Flags 19 6 5.10.1.1.1 Swedish FlagUndated

.1 (item)

 19 6 5.10.1.1.2 Danish Flag Undated

.1 (item)

 19 6 5.10.1.2 Watch for Falling Rock" signs were put up when an Indian named Falling Rock did not return to his tribeUndated

.37 (items)

 19 6 5.10.1.3 Proctor and Gamble symbolUndated

.1 (item)

 19 6 5.10.1.4 Knighthood of John Stark Undated

.1 (item)

 19 6 5.10.1.5 High water marks in ArcoUndated

.1 (item)

 19 7 5.10.2 Works of Architecture 19 7 5.10.2.1 Extraordinary staircase of church in Santa Fe, New MexicoUndated

.1 (item)

 19 7 5.10.2.2 Three legends explaining why tower of Kitziegen [Kitzingen] in German is crookedUndated

.1 (item)

 19 7 5.10.2.3 Crosses on Lamoille Rock Undated

.1 (item)

 19 7 5.10.3 Decorations 19 7 5.10.3.1 Tommy Mather table Undated

.1 (item)

 19 7 5.10.3.2 Schwibbogens Arch Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0 Miscellaneous 19 8 5.10.0.1 Meat tenderizerUndated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.2 Origin of the Oquirrh bucket which is won by the in-state college basketball championUndated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.3 Doughnuts Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.4 Filk music Undated

.2 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.5 Scooby-Doo Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.6 Old Bus of Creamy Hollow Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.7 Colors on a Map Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.8 Boy's and girl's shirts Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.9 Mother Goose Undated

.6 (items)

 19 8 5.10.0.10 Twin Falls reservoir Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.11 Datsun automobile Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.12 Bagpipes were originally Irish, but the Scottish stole them. Undated

.1 (item)

 19 8 5.10.0.13 Why the popularity of lace rose and declined during the Victorian EraUndated

.1 (item)