Albright and Bernard were photographers at Fort Buford, Dakota Territory.

T. N. Barnard grew up in Iowa. During the years 1879-1883 he worked with L.A. Huffman in Miles City. In 1885 he moved to Coeur d’Alene and worked with Nellie Stockard photographing mines and miners in that area.

D.F. Barry apprenticed with O.S. Goff in his gallery in Bismarck, Dakota Territory, beginning in 1878. He traveled to Fort Buford (D.T.) and Fort Assiniboine (Montana Territory) using a portable photographic studio to take photographs of Indians, forts, and battlefields. In 1883 he returned to Bismarck to operate a studio and gallery. Barry moved to Superior, Wisconsin, in 1890.

Alfred Baumgartner was a native of Switzerland who came to Montana in 1882. He operated a photo studio in Billings. In addition to photographing Indians in the area, he also traveled extensively in the Beartooth Mountains, especially the East Rosebud Valley and East Rosebud Lake (originally named Armstrong Lake) areas. A lodge was built at the lake in 1912 and in 1916 it was purchased and established as a non-profit association. Baumgartner explored the area with Fred Inabnit and others beginning in 1907. The Lake/Brewer Collection includes both glass and nitrate negatives (some numbered, some with “©AB”) Baumgartner created of scenery in the Beartooth Mountains including peaks, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, streams, meadows, camps, cabins, and people recreating primarily during the years 1909-1921. Some of the identifications for these photographs are from the book A Bit of Heaven, by Gordon Eiselein and published in 1997. This subseries also includes views of two Montana towns, Billings and Broadview.

A.L. Bray resided in Big Timber, Montana. In addition to taking photographs, he operated Bray’s Big Timber Cash Meat Market, served on the local school board, and was treasurer for the Sweet Grass Stock Grower’s Association.

E.A. Brininstool was born in New York and spent most of his life in Los Angeles. He was a cowboy poet and author of A Trooper with Custer. In June 1926, he attended and took photographs of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

W.R. Cross was born in Vermont. During the years 1868-1878 he operated photographic studios in several Nebraska locations including Omaha, Norfolk, Fort Meade, and Niobrara. In 1878 he relocated to Hot Springs, South Dakota, where Cross Studios operated until 1898.

T. Dalgleish worked in Buffalo, Wyoming Territory, in the 1890s. His brother, George, was also a photographer and operated the Dalgleish Studio in Georgetown, Colorado, between 1892 and 1901.

J.K. Dixon was a Baptist preacher and lecturer who was hired by Rodman Wanamaker, heir to the Philadelphia-based Wanamaker Department Store, to document Indian life and culture. During the three Wanamaker Expeditions, Dixon took more than 8,000 photographs. In 1908, he traveled to the Crow Reservation to photograph Indians at their camp at Little Bighorn River. The following year he returned to Montana to document a traditional gathering of fifty chiefs from several reservations to discuss tribal politics. A selection of these photos was published as photogravures in The Vanishing Race: The Last Great Indian Council, which came out in 1913. In the last expedition (1913), Dixon photographed flag-raising ceremonies at several reservations in the West as part of Wanamaker’s lobbying efforts to gain citizenship for Native Americans. Following the expeditions, John Wanamaker, Rodman’s son, produced a series of color postcards of photographs from the expeditions. Bud Lake collected photogravures of Crow Indians from The Vanishing Race (transferred to the Lake/Brewer Research Collection), a number of color postcards from the expedition (transferred to the Photo Archives postcard collection), and the photographs described below (two are oversize).

R. R. Doubleday was born in Ohio and moved with his family to the Black Hills of South Dakota in 1898 where he worked as a range rider. In 1901 he traveled extensively and then began photographing riding and roping contests and roundups, and founded the Doubleday Frontier Photo Company. It was at the 1910 Cheyenne Frontier Days rodeo that Doubleday captured the first action shot of a bronc rider in midair. During the years 1910-1950, he photographed rodeo events in many locations, and produced and sold millions of postcards made from his photographs. The Doubleday postcards in this collection were originally collected by Earl E. and Virginia Snook of Billings, and purchased by Bud Lake. The postcards are arranged by location if known, with those not having a location arranged alphabetically by the name of the cowboy or cowgirl in the photograph.

W.R. Finch lived in Billings, Montana, and operated a studio from the 1880s until it was sold following his death in 1894 to L.A. Huffman.

O.S. Goff was born in Connecticut and opened a photography gallery in Yankton, Dakota Territory, in 1871. He worked as a traveling photographer visiting forts and reservations in the West to photograph soldiers and Indians. Through the years he had studios at Bismarck, North Dakota, and Fort Custer and Havre in Montana. In Havre, his apprentice was David F. Barry, who took over the studio when Goff returned to Fort Custer in 1886. This subseries includes formal portraits taken by Goff as well as other images of Indian life. A series of photographs are from a scrapbook acquired by Bud Lake in 2003 through a New York auction. Pages from the scrapbook are stamped “Edith Hay Wyckoff, Locust Valley, NY” and a note with the photos reads “All the pictures taken on a camping trip of 10th Cav from Ft. Custer Montana 1894-95.” Edith Wyckoff’s grandfather, William Henry Hay (1860-1946), was a West Point graduate and a career soldier who served as a lieutenant at Fort Custer with the 10th Cavalry before going to the Spanish-American War in 1898. Hay’s scrapbook includes photographs of Indian camps and events, as well as sites and scenery at Yellowstone National Park.

R.W. Griffing was a resident of Billings. He produced black and white postcards of Indians, the Little Bighorn Battlefield, and community landmarks in Billings and Shelby. In addition to postcards, Griffing also sold a packet of small souvenir photographs entitled "10 Assorted Snapshots of Custer Battlefield and Indian Scenes" for tourists. Some of these photographs were also marketed individually in postcard format. Griffing printed “RWG" and a number on his postcards. However, there are postcards with this labeling that are photographs actually taken by Fred E. Miller and these are found in subseries 18 below. The Griffing subseries also includes views of two Montana towns, Billings and Shelby.

M.E. Hawkes was born in Maine. He operated a photo gallery in West Union, Iowa, from 1878 until his family moved to Red Lodge around 1906. M.E. and his father, Charles L. Hawkes, built Hawkes & Son Photography Studio. When Charles moved to Great Falls, Mark's son Harry joined the business which operated until 1919.

F. J. Hiscock arrived in Cody, Wyoming, in 1904 and described himself as a "pioneer photographer of Cody and the Big Horn Basin." This subseries includes a black and white postcard of Indians (labeled "Hiscock Photo, Cody, Wyo.”) and a series of thirty photographs that was sold as a souvenir set entitled "A Collection of Choice Views of the Cody Road and Yellowstone Park, made and guaranteed by F. J. Hiscock, 'The Picture Man', Cody, Wyoming."

Jessamine Spear was born in Sheridan, Wyoming, and married William V. Johnson in 1906. The family moved in 1917 to Kirby, Montana, where they raised cattle and sheep in Big Horn County. Jessamine Johnson was a photographic artist taking thousands of photographs of cattle on the ranges, some of which she provided to the Northern Pacific Railroad. She also photographed the mountains and canyons of the Big Horns during pack trips she organized for tourists. She was acquainted with and photographed both Cheyenne and Crow Indians living in the area.

H.R. Locke was born in Pennsylvania and worked as a photographer in Deadwood, South Dakota. In 1894-1895 he did a series of Little Bighorn Battlefield views for the Burlington Railroad. Charles Peterson was born in Sweden and worked in Nebraska before moving to Deadwood where he opened a studio in 1892 known as Locke and Peterson. Peterson bought out Locke in 1902 and then opened a gallery in Lead in 1911 known as Peterson and Wilson.

Fred Miller was born in Chicago and grew up in Iowa. In 1898 he was appointed Chief Clerk of the Indian Service at Crow Agency, Montana, where he worked and photographed the reservation residents and activities until 1913. In 1905, Miller was formally adopted into the Crow Tribe. Later he served as the first County Clerk for Big Horn County. This subseries includes formal portraits, outdoor photographs of events, and postcards. A few postcards credited to Miller as the photographer were produced and sold by others, including some printed with “RWG” (for Robert W. Griffing) and some with “Chapples Drug Store” in Billings (which may have purchased the Miller negatives after his death). Miller’s granddaughter, Nancy Fields O’Connor, created an exhibit and published a book in 1985, Fred E. Miller: Photographer of The Crows, which documents her grandfather’s photography.

T.A. Morris operated a studio in Sheridan, Wyoming, and took photographs of people and events at the local rodeo in 1906. This subseries includes four photographs that have been matted, numbered, and titled by Bud Lake.

A.L. Nash was a photographer at Sheridan, Wyoming. In 1945 he photographed a Crow Indian Sun Dance.

The O’Neill Photo Company was in O’Neill, Nebraska, and produced photos of Indians at Rosebud, South Dakota, during the period 1915-1925. The company also produced photos of Indians taken in Wyoming, including postcards of rodeos and parades at Sheridan in 1935.

S.W. Ormsby, an amateur photographer, was employed by the Fort Peck Indian Agency at Wolf Point, Montana, in the 1890s. The reservation was home to the Assiniboine and Sioux tribes. According to a note with the photograph described below, it was found at the site of a Great Northern Railroad wreck near Saco, Montana.

W.A. Petzoldt was born in New York and moved to Sheridan, Wyoming, in 1900. He was a Baptist minister and amateur photographer. Reverend Petzoldt came to Lodge Grass, Montana, in 1903 and for twenty-five years took photographs of the Crow Indian people. Much of his photographic work was destroyed by fire in 1989.

Father Pier Paola Prando was born in Italy and was ordained as a Jesuit priest in1875. He worked at several missions in Montana before moving to the Crow Reservation in 1886. The following year he helped found a permanent mission and school named after Saint Francis Xavier. In 1891, Father Prando built the first chapel at Pryor on land donated by the Crow Indians and in the following year arranged for three Ursuline Sisters to travel from St. Xavier to Pryor to open the school. Beginning in 1894, Father Prando compiled a photographic record of the people and structures on the Crow Indian Reservation, including the St. Xavier Mission and the Crow Irrigation Project. He was persuaded to donate a selection of 71 of his photographs to the Bureau of American Ethnology. Prando left the Crow Reservation in 1895, but returned in 1902 and remained there until his death. Some photographs in this subseries were matted and numbered by Bud Lake. One photograph has a description written and signed by Father Prando.

Frank Purcell lived in Billings, Montana, and in June 1897 he copyrighted a double exposure photograph of the Custer Battlefield and Bloody Knife.

W.A. Ransier was born in North Dakota and attended dental school in Chicago. He opened a practice in Cut Bank, Montana, and in the late 1920s had a dental office in Hardin. Dr. Ransier and his wife, Miriam, took photographs of Crow Indians and Crow Indian Fairs.

F.A. Rinehart was born in Illinois. He traveled west to Denver in 1878 and then to Omaha in 1885 where he established a portrait studio. For the 1898 Indian Congress, held in Omaha in conjunction with the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, Rinehart was commissioned to photograph events and the Native Americans who attended. During 1899-1900, Rinehart and his assistant Adolph Muhr traveled to Indian reservations, including the Crow Reservation, to photograph individuals who were unable to attend the Congress. Many years after the Indian Congress, the “Rinehart Marsden Photographic Prints of North American Indians” were offered for sale in two leather-bound albums containing 130, 16” x 20” photographs for a cost of $1,600. Selected individual 4”x 4”x 5” brown-tone photographs could also be purchased. The portraits in this subseries are from the Indian Congress project and are printed on thick, textured paper, possibly removed from a publication. Several of these photographs were matted and numbered by Bud Lake.

A. Risem was born in Norway. He had a photograph studio in Bismarck, North Dakota, for thirty-three years. During the 1930s he was commissioned to document construction of the North Dakota capitol building.

K.F. Roahen was born in Dighton, Kansas. He started his career as a federal game warden in 1924 in Illinois and was transferred to the bison range in Moise, Montana, in 1930. He eventually worked in Yellowstone National Park and the Billings, Montana, region, retiring in 1955. Roahen received his first camera in 1902 and during his life took photographs of wildlife, the Little Bighorn Battlefield, and the people and events of the Crow Indian Tribe. Many of his photographs were sold as postcards at gift and tourist shops. Roahen purchased some of Richard Throssel’s glass plates from the period 1904-1911, and sold prints of Throssel’s work signed “KFR”. In June 1941, Roahen attended and photographed the Crow Indian Sun Dance at Pryor, the first to be held in nearly fifty years due to a ban by the federal government because of participants’ self-torture. The Sun Dance event included building a Sun Lodge, morning prayers and blessings for the sick by the medicine man, and continuous dancing for three days and nights with dancers taking no food or drink. The Roahen photographs in this subseries are for research use only. Reproductions must be obtained from the Big Horn County Historical Museum in Hardin, Montana.

Rochford Studio was in Sheridan, Wyoming. The studio produced postcards of parades during the Sheridan-WYO-Rodeo. In 1944 the event was renamed Bots Sots Stampede for the Crow Indian term for “very good.”

J.W. Rode purchased the equipment, views, and negatives of Herman Schnitzmeyer, a well-known photographer for the Northern Pacific Railroad. Rode, who lived in California and Polson, Montana, planned to market the scenic and postcard views nationally. His imprint read “J.W. Rode, scenic photographs from Yellowstone and Glacier Parks, Teton and Rocky Mountains in Wyoming and Western Montana, Berkeley, Calif. – Polson, Mont.”

J.H. Sharp was born in Ohio and studied and taught art in Cincinnati from 1892-1902. He was a well-known artist of Indian portraits and Indian life. He moved to the Crow Reservation in Montana where he lived and worked, painting and photographing people and events, during the years 1902-1910. Sharp and his wife, Addie, were close friends with the reservation agent, Samuel Gilford Reynolds, whose daughter, Carolyn Reynolds Riebeth, wrote a memoir about growing up on the reservation and knowing the Sharps (J.H. Sharp: Among the Crow Indians 1902-1910, published in 1985). The photographs in this subseries are oversize prints that were matted by Bud Lake.

E.E. Snook was a resident of Billings, Montana. He was a painter and decorator and, beginning around 1918, operated Snook Art Company selling art, artist supplies, and framing. He and his wife, Eleanora, and daughter, Virginia, also lived on a ranch on the Yellowstone River. The family was friends with artists Will James and Joe de Young. On March 8, 1932, Snook photographed the funeral procession and burial of Chief Plenty Coups at Pryor. The service was held at the chapel of St. Charles Catholic Church and was officiated by Bishop O’Hara. Pallbearers included George Goes Ahead, William Big Day, Nicholas Bear Tail, Joe Gun, Frank Hawk, and Alexander Plain Feather. Plenty Coups was buried in the family plot at his ranch in the Pryor valley.

Richard Throssel was born in Washington State. He moved to the Crow Reservation in Montana in 1902 and served as the Agency’s assistant clerk (1904-1905), clerk (1907), and field photographer (1909-1911). He submitted 60 photos to the Indian Service of “old characters of the Crow Reservation” and 124 prints showing reservation conditions. Throssel, who was adopted into the Crow Tribe, lived with his family on the reservation until 1910 when he moved to Billings and opened the Throssel Photocraft Studio. He began marketing his Crow photographs, producing the Western Classics series which he described as artistic representations of Indian life. Throssel’s photographs document people, Crow Reservation facilities, scenery, events, and activities during the period 1905-1911. Some photographs in this subseries have been matted, numbered, and titled by Bud Lake. After Throssel’s death, some of his images were printed as postcards by Kenneth F. Roahen and have “KFR” printed on them. These are noted in the descriptions below. The primary repository for Throssel’s negatives is The American Heritage Center at the University of Wyoming and some information given below has been taken from that organization’s website.

W.H. Tippet was born in Canada and moved to the U.S. in 1896. He lived in Bozeman, Montana, for a time and then relocated to Missoula where he partnered with Isaac G. Grant in the Grant and Tippet Studio during the years 1902-1903. In 1903, Tippet moved to Billings where he operated Tippet’s Studio until 1930.

Towner and Runsten operated a studio at Mandan, Dakota Territory.

The Western Photo Shop was in Billings, Montana. At one time the proprietor was R. Garrett.

W. Wildschut was born in Holland and relocated several times to manage various factories. In 1918 he was transferred to Billings, Montana, where he worked in the banking and real estate business. He became interested in ethnology, and began visiting and photographing the Crow Indians in the area and purchasing items from them. Wildschut sold a collection of medicine bundles to George Gustav Heye for the Museum of the American Indian in 1922, and then was hired to continue collecting for the museum. During the years 1922-1928, he conducted field expeditions in Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, Canada, and North Dakota, for the Foundation. He also wrote books on Crow beadwork, medicine bundles, tribal culture, and Two Leggings, a Crow chief. Wildschut moved to California in 1929.

Young-Hunter was born in Scotland and studied art under John Singer Sargent at the Royal Academy in London. He was known for painting portraits of wealthy Brits and Americans. Young-Hunter was interested in American Indians after attending Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show in London as a child. In 1912, he met Charles M. Russell and the following year he moved to the U.S. and visited the Crow Agency in Montana. He moved to Taos, New Mexico, in 1942 and operated a studio there until his death. This subseries includes oversize photographs that Bud Lake purchased in 2000 from Woodrow Wilson Fine Arts, Incorporated, located in Santa Fe. A brochure entitled “The Shadow Catcher,” indicates that Hunter-Young owned the negatives for several Native American images that were most likely taken during the Wanamaker Expedition in 1913 (see Joseph K. Dixon above). The photographs Bud Lake purchased were made from the original nitrate negatives and offered in a limited edition. Each photo is certified and numbered. Woodrow Wilson Fine Arts assumed that Young-Hunter was the photographer.

This subseries includes formal portraits and informal photographs of Indian men, women, and children, primarily members of the Crow Tribe. The first folders include photographs of individuals who are identified. Other folders contain images with people whose identity is unknown. Included in this subseries are photographs of Indian dress, homes, and culture.

This subseries contains photographs of Indians that appear to be from a specific series having an identical format, similar numbering, and the same individuals and settings. Though the origin of these photographs is unknown, the images have been kept together. Most of the individuals in these photographs are unidentified.

In November 1921, Chief Plenty Coups traveled to Washington, D.C., to represent the Crow Tribe and other American Indians at burial ceremonies for the unknown soldier at Arlington Cemetery on Veterans Day. During the visit, Plenty Coups, his interpreter John Frost, and other tribal leaders, met with President Warren G. Harding and U.S. Indian Commissioner Charles H. Burke. Plenty Coups presented a war bonnet and coup stick at the cemetery ceremony. Also in November 1921, the Crows hosted a ceremony inducting Marshal Ferdinand Foch, Commander and Chief of the Allied Armies during World War I, into the tribe.

The photographs in this subseries document Indian activities, including the Sun Dance, parades, and Crow Fair (which was started in 1904). Crow men, women, and children also participated in parades and roundups at Crow Agency, Pryor, Lewistown, Hardin, and Miles City in Montana, and at Sheridan and Buffalo in Wyoming.

Many photographs in the Lake/Brewer Collection are of teepees and teepee camps. Included in this subseries are photographs of camps located at Pryor Creek, Crow Agency, Lodge Grass, and the Little Bighorn River in Montana, and at Sheridan in Wyoming.

This subseries includes miscellaneous Indian photographs taken by unknown photographers.

The Little Bighorn Battlefield is located on the Crow Reservation near Hardin, Montana. In this subseries there are photographs taken at the 20th Anniversary celebration of the battle in 1896. Those photographs having the same format, and therefore probably the same photographer, have been kept together. Several photos appear to have been removed from a scrapbook. In addition, there is one photograph from the 50th Anniversary celebration held in 1926.