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<ead>
  <eadheader langencoding="iso639-2b" scriptencoding="iso15924" repositoryencoding="iso15511" countryencoding="iso3166-1" dateencoding="iso8601" relatedencoding="dc">
    <eadid countrycode="us" encodinganalog="identifier" mainagencycode="mtu" identifier="80444/xv14367" url="http://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv14367">MTGMss184.xml</eadid>
    <filedesc>
      <titlestmt>
        <titleproper encodinganalog="title">Guide to the Frieda Fligelman
			 Papers 
			 <date era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="date" normal="1909/1981">1909-1981</date></titleproper>
        <titleproper type="filing" altrender="nodisplay">Fligelman (Frieda)
			 Papers</titleproper>
        <author encodinganalog="creator">Finding aid prepared by Lyn M. Miller
			 </author>
        <sponsor encodinganalog="contributor">Funding for encoding this finding
			 aid was provided through a grant awarded by the National Endowment for the
			 Humanities.</sponsor>
      </titlestmt>
      <publicationstmt>
        <publisher encodinganalog="publisher">Maureen and Mike Mansfield
			 Library, The University of Montana--Missoula<extptr actuate="onload" show="embed" href="http://www.lib.umt.edu/images/Lib_logo.gif"/></publisher>
        <date era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="date" normal="1998">©1998</date>
        <address>
          <addressline>The University of Montana--Missoula</addressline>
          <addressline>Missoula, MT 59812</addressline>
          <addressline>406-243-2053</addressline>
          <addressline>http://www.lib.umt.edu/asc</addressline>
          <addressline>library.archives@umontana.edu</addressline>
        </address>
      </publicationstmt>
    </filedesc>
    <profiledesc>
      <creation>Encoded by <emph render="italic"><emph render="underline">ArchProteus</emph></emph><date era="ce" calendar="gregorian" normal="2003">2003</date></creation>
      <langusage>Finding aid is in<language langcode="eng" encodinganalog="language" scriptcode="latn"> English</language></langusage>
    </profiledesc>
  </eadheader>
  <archdesc level="collection" type="inventory" relatedencoding="marc21">
    <did>
      <repository encodinganalog="852">
        <corpname encodinganalog="852$a">University of Montana, Mansfield Library, Archives and Special Collections</corpname>
        <address>
          <addressline>The University of Montana--Missoula</addressline>
          <addressline>Missoula, MT 59812</addressline>
          <addressline>406-243-2053</addressline>
          <addressline>http://www.lib.umt.edu/asc</addressline>
          <addressline>library.archives@umontana.edu</addressline>
        </address>
      </repository>
      <unitid countrycode="us" encodinganalog="099" repositorycode="mtu" type="collection">Mss 184</unitid>
      <origination>
        <persname encodinganalog="100" role="creator" source="lcnaf" normal="1890/1978">Fligelman, Frieda,
					1890-1978</persname>
      </origination>
      <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Frieda Fligelman Papers</unittitle>
      <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f" type="inclusive" normal="1909/1981">1909-1981</unitdate>
      <physdesc>
        <extent encodinganalog="300$a">1.3 linear feet</extent>
      </physdesc>
      <abstract encodinganalog="5203_">Frieda Fligelman was a linguist, sociologist, poet and advocate for
				women's issues who lived in Montana. The collection includes correspondence,
				writings, photographs, pamphlets, biographical information, and research dated 1909
				to 1981. </abstract>
      <langmaterial>Materials are in
		<language encodinganalog="546" langcode="eng">English</language></langmaterial>
    </did>
    <bioghist encodinganalog="5450_">
      <!--Use encodinganalog 5450_ for biog. or 5451_ for historical note, or use a <head> element-->
      <head>Biographical Note</head>
      <p>Frieda Fligelman was a linguist, sociologist, poet and a well-known advocate for women's issues.
				She pioneered the study of "linguistic sociology," an evaluation of the meaning and
				value of words used in a sociological context. She believed language should be
				studied as an environment and national group interest rather than simply as meaning
				and form. Fligelman authored many articles and papers outlining the depth and
				importance of language. Her work included a book titled <title>The Richness of
					African Negro Languages, which illustrated the principles of linguistic
					sociology.</title></p>
      <p>Fligelman faced much frustration over the general disinterest in her
		  work. She fought to have her writings published and her theories accepted by
		  the sociologists and linguists of her day. Fligelman was politically active and
		  participated in establishing a program providing relief for victims of
		  anti-Semitic persecution during Word War II. She showed concern over the racial
		  issues of her time and society's attempt to limit immigration. Fligelman's
		  studies in the value of language emphasized the vitality of a multi-ethnic
		  culture and the importance of her sociological theories in understanding that
		  culture.</p>
    </bioghist>
    <scopecontent encodinganalog="520">
      <p>The collection includes correspondence, writings, and research dated 1909 to 1975. Also included
				are postcards, photographs and pamphlets of the same era. There are also
				biographical materials for Frieda Fligelman dating 1977 to 1981. The collection
				provides an illustration of pro and anti-war propaganda and the lives of Jewish
				refugees during World War II. Personal handwritten notations and opinions are also
				part of the collection and appear on the back of much of the correspondence.</p>
    </scopecontent>
    <arrangement encodinganalog="351">
      <p>The collection is divided into five series:</p>
      <p>Series I: Correspondence, 4 folders, 1927-1975</p>
      <p>Series II: Writings, 8 folders, 1932-1974</p>
      <p>Series III: Research and Education, 17 folders, 1909-1974 </p>
      <p>Series IV: Photographs, 3 pieces, undated</p>
      <p>Series V: Biographical, 1 folder and 1 Audio Cassette, 1977-1981</p>
    </arrangement>
    <accessrestrict encodinganalog="506">
      <p>Researchers must use collection in accordance with the policies of
		   Archives and Special Collections, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, and The
		  University of Montana--Missoula.</p>
    </accessrestrict>
    <userestrict encodinganalog="540">
      <p>Researchers are responsible for using in accordance with 17 U.S.C. and
		  any other applicable statutes. Copyright not transferred to The University of
		  Montana.</p>
    </userestrict>
    <prefercite encodinganalog="524">
      <p>[Name of document or photograph number], Frieda Fligelman Papers, Archives and Special Collections, Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, The University of
		  Montana--Missoula.</p>
    </prefercite>
    <custodhist encodinganalog="561">
      <p>This collection remained in the possession of Frieda Fligelman and her
		  estate until donation to Archives and Special Collections.</p>
    </custodhist>
    <acqinfo encodinganalog="541">
      <p>Gift of the Frieda Fligelman Estate through Professor Jon Driessen,
		  	1978 and 2014.</p>
    </acqinfo>
    <accruals encodinganalog="584">
      <p>There are no expected additions to this collection.</p>
    </accruals>
    <processinfo encodinganalog="583">
      <p>The actions of the original processors are unknown. The collection was
		  arranged chronologically with photos interspersed within the correspondence and
		  writings. The collection was reprocessed and re-described in 1998, maintaining
		  the original arrangement except photographs were transferred to the general
		  photograph collection and designated as a separate series.</p>
    </processinfo>
    <separatedmaterial encodinganalog="544">
      <p>The photographs in Series IV were transferred to the archives general
		  photograph collection in 1998.</p>
    </separatedmaterial>
    <relatedmaterial encodinganalog="544">
      <p>There are oral history interviews with Fligelman in the Mansfield Library's Montana Women's Oral
				History Collection, OH 49.</p>
    </relatedmaterial>
    <controlaccess>
      <p>This collection is indexed under the following headings in the online
		  catalog. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons, or
		  places should search the catalog using these headings.</p>
      <controlaccess>
        <occupation encodinganalog="656" rules="aacr2">
          Linguists--Montana--Helena
        </occupation>
        <occupation encodinganalog="656" rules="aacr2">
          Women sociologists--Montana--Helena
        </occupation>
      </controlaccess>
      <controlaccess>
        <subject encodinganalog="650" rules="aacr2">Sociolinguistics</subject>
        <subject encodinganalog="650" rules="aacr2">World War,
			 1939-1945--Jews</subject>
        <subject encodinganalog="650" rules="aacr2">World War,
			 1939-1945--Propaganda</subject>
        <subject encodinganalog="650" rules="aacr2">World War,
			 1939-1945--Refugees</subject>
      </controlaccess>
      <controlaccess>
        <genreform encodinganalog="655" source="aat">Photographs</genreform>
      </controlaccess>
      <controlaccess>
        <subject source="archiveswest" altrender="nodisplay" encodinganalog="690">Montana</subject>
        <subject source="archiveswest" altrender="nodisplay" encodinganalog="690">Photographs</subject>
        <subject source="archiveswest" altrender="nodisplay" encodinganalog="690">Colleges and Universities</subject>
        <subject source="archiveswest" altrender="nodisplay" encodinganalog="690">International Relations</subject>
        <subject source="archiveswest" altrender="nodisplay" encodinganalog="690">Women</subject>
      </controlaccess>
    </controlaccess>
    <dsc type="combined">
      <c01 level="series">
        <did>
          <unitid>Series I</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Correspondence </unittitle>
          <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f" normal="1927/1975">1927-1975</unitdate>
          <physdesc>
            <extent encodinganalog="300$a">4 folders</extent>
          </physdesc>
        </did>
        <scopecontent>
          <p>This series consists of various correspondence including letters
				from World War II Jewish refugees, letters of application and introduction, as
				well as documents referring to various peace organizations and upcoming
				presentations of professional papers. Some letters are written in French and
				German.</p>
        </scopecontent>
        <arrangement>
          <p>The series is arranged chronologically.</p>
        </arrangement>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/1</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">General Correspondence
				  </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1927-1950</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/2</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">General Correspondence
				  </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1951-1975</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/3</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">General Correspondence
				  </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/4</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">General Correspondence, Personal
				  	and Clippings </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="series">
        <did>
          <unitid>Series II</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Writings </unittitle>
          <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f" normal="1932/1974">1932-1974 </unitdate>
          <physdesc>
            <extent encodinganalog="300$a">8 folders</extent>
          </physdesc>
        </did>
        <scopecontent>
          <p>This series includes writings dealing with Frieda Fligelman's theory of linguistic sociology. It
						provides an outline of the theory. Also included to illustrate how the
						theory works is an analysis of George Orwell's <title>1984.</title>The
						series also has personal notes and clippings.</p>
        </scopecontent>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/5</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Writings </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1932-1933</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/6</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Writings </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1934</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/7</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Writings </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1958</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/8</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Writings </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1962</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/9</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Writings </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1967-1969</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/10</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Writings </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1974</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">1/11</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Writings </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="series">
        <did>
          <unitid>Series III</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research and Education</unittitle>
          <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f" normal="1909/1974">1909-1974</unitdate>
          <physdesc>
            <extent encodinganalog="300$a">17 folders</extent>
          </physdesc>
        </did>
        <scopecontent>
          <p>The series consists primarily of the writings of varied authors on sociology and linguistics.
						There are also materials from Fligelman's time at Columbia University and
						her notes. This part of the collection also includes several pamphlets
						discussing the involvement of the United States in World War II. Many of
						these pamphlets also address other political issues of the time.</p>
        </scopecontent>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/1</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research for 1801 </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/2</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1927</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/3</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1931, 1936, 1938</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/4</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1939</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/5</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1940</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/6</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1948</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/7</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1950-1954</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/8</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1955-1956</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/9</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1961</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/10</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1971</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/11</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1972</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/12</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1974</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/13</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1974</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">2/14</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Research </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">3/1</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Pamphlets</unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1909-1926</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">3/2</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Notes</unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="series">
        <did>
          <unitid>Series IV</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Photographs </unittitle>
          <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          <physdesc>
            <extent encodinganalog="300$a">3 pieces</extent>
          </physdesc>
        </did>
        <scopecontent>
          <p>This series consists of three photographs: one of Fligelman and
				two of unknown women. All are undated.</p>
        </scopecontent>
        <c02 level="item">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">3/5</container> 
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Frieda Fligelman </unittitle>
            <note><p>photo number 98-2431</p></note>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="item">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">3/6</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Unknown woman facing camera
				  </unittitle>
            <note><p>photo number 98-2432</p></note>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="item">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">3/7</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Unknown woman facing light
				  </unittitle>
            <note><p>photo number 98-2431</p></note>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">undated</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="series">
        <did>
          <unitid>Series V</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Biographical</unittitle>
          <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f" normal="1977/1981">1977-1981</unitdate>
          <physdesc>
            <extent encodinganalog="300$a">1 folder and 1 audio cassette</extent>
          </physdesc>
        </did>
        <scopecontent>
          <p>This series includes materials documenting Frieda Fligelman's life including an audiocassette of poetry by and about her, as well as an article from Montana Prospector Magazine.</p>
        </scopecontent>
        <arrangement>
          <p>The series is arranged chronologically.</p>
        </arrangement>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">3/3</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Frieda Fligelman: 1890-1978, Audio Cassette
				  </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1977-1978</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02 level="file">
          <did>
            <container type="box-folder">3/4</container>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Frieda Fligelman: Commemorative notes to a life completed
				  </unittitle>
            <unitdate era="ce" calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="245$f">1981</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
      </c01>
    </dsc>
  </archdesc>
</ead>

