Arranged in 3 series.
Newspapers containing articles and information on the Pacific Northwest. Newspapers are both national and international. These newspapers cover a time period of over 200 years, from the United States colonial period through the mid-1960s. Most papers were published in Boston, New York City, Washington, DC, and Philadelphia, with a few from London, some from smaller cities, and a few later papers from Pacific Northwest communities. The majority were published in the mid-1800s and contain articles about the settlement and ultimate statehood of the Oregon Territory. The articles trace the history of the Oregon Territory, and the larger Pacific Northwest Coast, from its settlement by Americans and Britains, to settlers' conflicts with Native American tribes, to arguments about whether Great Britain had a right to settle American soil, to Oregon ultimately being accepted into the Union in 1859. Newspapers also contain articles about Washington territory and the West in general, here described as the territories west of the Rocky Mountains.
No restrictions on access.
Creator's copyrights are in the public domain.
Donated by Michael Repass, 2017 and 2019.
Mike Repass is an alumnus of the University of Washington School of Business. His interest in history is partly due to being raised in Walla Walla, known as "The Cradle of Northwest History." Mike's interest in Western U.S. history blossomed in the 1980s as he began to collect books on Western America and particularly Pacific Northwest history. Mike could often be found in Suzzallo Library as a student and has been a strong advocate for the UW Libraries over the years through his gifts and as a board member for the Friends of the Libraries.
The 54 additional newspapers (in 1 box and 1 oversized folder) that were received in 2019 have not been fully inventoried but will be incorporated when processing occurs.
Salem, Massachusetts; "Foreign Intelligence: United States, Boston"; Captain Kendrick’s discovery of the Pacific Northwest and battles with Indigenous peoples.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Treasury Department: Public Notice is Hereby Given"; The Pacific Northwest’s land use for military and missionary purposes.
Washington, D. C.; "The Indians in Oregon"; Describing open warfare between indigenous peoples and settlers in Oregon
Boston, Massachusetts; "Ship News—Clearances"; The ship Mary Trescott was cleared to sail to the Northwest coast of America.
Hartford, Connecticut; "North—West Coast of America"; Russian settlements on the Northwest coast, and how this might affect American claims in that area.
Boston Massachusetts; "North Western Coast of America," by Russel and Cutler; Account of the discoveries of the Russians on the Northwest coast and their rights to these discoveries.
Boston Massachusetts; "Loss of the Boston," communicated by Captain Hill; Account of the capture of the ship Boston by Maquinnah and his tribe along the Northwest Coast and the murder of the crew.
Baltimore, Maryland; "Oregon"; Account of pioneer expeditions to Oregon, and how it is manifest destiny to occupy and own this land
Hartford, Connecticut; "Loss of the Boston," communicated by Captain Hill; Account of the capture of the ship Boston by Maquinnah and his tribe along the Northwest Coast and the crew.
New York, New York; "Oregon," and "Oregon as It Is"; Account of the history, geography, nature, and settlement of Oregon.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Savage Attack on the Brig Otter" by Samuel Hill; A log book account of an attack on the ship Otter by the Chilcaaht Indians.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; "American Enterprize"; Account of the Pacific Fur Company's journey from the Pacific Ocean to New York.
Baltimore, Maryland; "American Enterprize"; Account of the Pacific Fur Company's journey from the Pacific Ocean to New York.
New York, New York; "From the Boston Daily Advertiser, December 13th;" Account of the disputes between the Earl of Selkirk’s colony and the North West Company.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Columbia River"; News about ships sailing to and from the Northwest Coast, trade, relations with Spain, and Indigenous Peoples.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Treaty with Great Britain"; A proclamation concerning fishing rights between the United States and Great Britain on the coast.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; "Mouth of Columbia"; Trade routes throughout the Northwest and along the Columbia River and Pacific Ocean.
Washington, D. C.; "North—West Coast of America"; Russian settlements on the Northwest coast, as well as relations with Indigenous peoples.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Northwest Coast"; Notice of an American settlement on the Northwest coast, and its importance.
Salem, Massachusetts; "Important—Russia and the United States"; Account of a United States ship being forced to leave a northwest port by the Russians, claiming Russia has exclusive jurisdiction to the land.
Salem, Massachusetts; "Russian Treaty"; Detailing a treaty with Russia in which both nations can use the Pacific Ocean for fishing and trade, but may not land on occupied land without the permission of the occupying nation.
Richmond, Virginia; "Convention Between the United States and Russia"; Details of the agreement between Russian and the United States about trade routes and land rights in the Northwest.
Concord, New Hampshire; "By the President of the United States of America: A Proclamation"; Details of the agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom about claims in the Northwest Territories.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; "Military Movements in the West"; Details conflicts and tensions between the United States military and Indigenous tribes.
Hartford, Connecticut; "Foreign and Domestic: Oregon Territory"; Discusses how the House of Representatives rejected a measure to establish a colony in Oregon, and how the newspaper agrees, because they think settling in the West is erroneous decision.
Washington, D. C.; "Official Documents: The Fur Trade"; A ruling from the Senate about rules and regulations for the Northwest fur trade.
Washington, D. C.; "Official Documents"; Documents accompanying the report on the fur trade from two days earlier.
Washington D. C.; "Northwest Coast"; Discusses the importance of settling the Northwest Territories, and how no foreign nations should be allowed to settle on American soil.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Boston: For the American Traveller"; Communication by H. J. Kelly to the meeting of Oregon emigrants, related to the viability of soil and forests in Oregon.
New York, New York; "St. Louis, July 1"; Detailing the arrival of the steamboat Yellow Stone, which carried goods west to traders employed by the American Fur Company, and brought furs back.
New York, New York; "Port of New York: Cleared"; The ship George Clinton Barrett cleared to depart to the Pacific Ocean, and Cholera outbreak in New York City.
New York, New York; "Oregon Territory"; Article urging the United States government to take action towards colonizing Oregon and the West and to keep Great Britain from staking claims there.
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania; "The Oregon Country"; Account of the final expedition which set out from Peoria, Illinois, to the mouth of the Oregon River.
Baltimore, Maryland; "The Oregon Country"; Account of the finale of the expedition which set out from Peoria Illinois to the mouth of the Oregon River.
Baltimore, Maryland; "The Exploring Expedition, Official Papers" by Charles Wilkes; Account of Charles Wilkes’ exploration of islands off the Pacific coast for commercial interests.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Loss of the United States Corvette Peacock"; An announcement detailing the loss of the ship Peacock in the Columbia River, Oregon Territory, though no lives were lost in the incident.
Baltimore, Maryland; "Oregon Territory"; A multi-page history of the Oregon Territory, from Spanish awareness in 1513, to current times, and speculating that it will soon be completely settled and gain statehood.
New York, New York; "Valley of the Columbia River"; A Description of the beauty of the Columbia River Valley.
Baltimore, Maryland; "British Claim to the Oregon: The Fur Trade"; A description of the lucrative northwest fur trade and the disputes with Great Britain over claims to the land and the trade.
London, England; "Foreign Intelligence: America—United States"; Mentions the bill in Congress making provision for the occupation and settlement of the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "Sandwich Islands: Occupation by the British"; Correspondences regarding the British occupation of the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands in the Pacific Ocean and what the United State’s response should be to such aggression.
Concord, New Hampshire; "British Usurpation in Oregon"; Announcing that Doctor McLaughlin, the British commander at Fort Vancouver, has claimed the site of a town in the Oregon Territory near the Falls of the Wallamut.
New York, New York; "Oregon and California"; Letter from a pioneer about what life is like in both the Oregon Territory and in the California Territory.
New York, New York; "Lieutenant Fremont—His Return to the State"; Announcing the return of Lieutenant Fremont to New York from Oregon, where he had been on an expedition for a year.
Washington D. C.; "Oregon"; Account of the House of Representatives passing a bill to establish a territorial government in Oregon, which will now be sent to the Senate.
Salem, New Jersey; "The Oregon Meeting in Philadelphia"; Describing a meeting for citizens to share their thoughts on the "Oregon question."
New York, New York; "Oregon—Letter from Peter H. Burnet, Esq."; Letter detailing the going-ons in Oregon Territory, especially how the territory now has a regular, functioning government.
New York, New York; "Late from the Oregon Country"; A summary of two letters from emigrants to Oregon, one about the good economic progress settlers are making and one about the independent governments they formed.
New York, New York; "Oregon—Letter from Peter H. Burnet, Esq."; Letter detailing the going-ons in Oregon Territory, especially how the territory now has a regular, functioning government.
New York, New York; "Oregon"; Detailing debates about how much of Oregon the United States has a right to and if/how the United States should compromise with Great Britain on the "Oregon question."
New York, New York; "Oregon Convention"; Correspondences and declarations regarding the Cincinnati convention to discuss how much of Oregon the United States should have claim to.
Albany, New York; "Oregon Correspondence"; Documents accompanying the President’s message about claims on the Oregon Territory, correspondence with the Department of State.
New York, New York; "Doctor White’s Letters from Oregon—Letter 1" by Elijah White; Letter discussing the geography, land, and climate of the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "The Oregon Country—Letter 2" by Elijah White; Letter discussing the geography, land, and climate of the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "The Oregon Country—Letter 3" by Elijah White; Letter discussing the geography, land, and climate of the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "The Oregon Country—Letter 4" by Elijah White; Letter discussing the geography, land, and climate of the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "Oregon—Hear a Friend!" By M. Gaillardet; Statement from a French newspaper editor revealing that the "enlightened popular sentiment of Europe has revolted at the claim of our government in all Oregon."
Harrisburg, Virginia; "Oregon Correspondence" by R. Pakenham; Documents accompanying the President’s message about claims on the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "Oregon"; Letter from an Oregon resident about Great Britain’s Hudson’s Bay Company, and how they are trying to take over the land like the British.
Hollidayburg, Pennsylvania, "The Oregon Country—Letters 1 and 2" by Elijah White; "Oregon Bill"; Elijah White’s first two letters about Oregon, and a copy of the bill introduced to the House of Representatives to protect American citizens residing in the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "The Oregon Question"; Account of John Quincy Adam’s speech in the House of Representatives about military presence in the Oregon Territory.
Washington, D. C.; "The Oregon Question—Peace or War"; Account of concern that the nation may go to war over their desire to claim all of Oregon, and arguing against both of these ideas.
Washington, D. C.; "The Oregon Documents"; Papers transmitted to the House of Representatives in answer to its call for copies of any correspondence with the British authorities on the Oregon subject.
Washington, D. C.; "Speech of Mr. Miller on the Oregon Question"; A speech by Mr. Miller of New Jersey, who supports the "sea to shining sea" mentality, but is opposed to the United States going to war over the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "the California Expedition," A summary of a letter authorizing J. D. Stevenson to raise a regiment of volunteers for service in the Pacific, and a debate on whether this is wise.
New York, New York; "The Oregon Treaty—Peel and the Treaty" by M. Richelieu; A criticism of President Polk’s Oregon Treaty, which settled land disputes with Great Britain, though the author thinks the settlement was not favorable to the United States.
New York, New York; "Affairs in Oregon"; Article containing account of life in Oregon, and the response of emigrants regarding the Oregon Treaty, but also warning against the dangers of traveling to Oregon Territory.
Concord, New Hampshire, "The Oregon Treaty"; A transcript of the Oregon Treaty, with an opinion by the newspaper that it "is not quite so favorable to this country as has been generally supposed."
Lancaster, Pennsylvania; "Navigation of the Columbia—The Oregon Treaty"; A transcript of the Oregon Treaty with an amendment which moved to terminate use of the Columbia for non-American traders by 1963, which was rejected.
New York, New York; "Later from Oregon"; News from an Oregon Newspaper about the Oregon City Spectator’s local news, including a message from the Governor imploring the United States to make Oregon an official State.
London, England; "John Jacob Astoria"; An obituary of John Jacob Astoria, founder of the American Fur Company, an Northwestern fur trading company, and founder of the Astoria settlement along the Pacific northwest coast.
Washington, D. C.; "Thirtieth Congress: Oregon"; "The Oregon Massacre"; Transcript from the Congressional discussion of the Territorial Government of Oregon; An announcement of the massacre of missionary Doctor Whitman and his family by Indigenous peoples.
New York, New York; "Defeat of the Last Compromise"; Ruling that the House voted 122-82 in favor of not extending slavery to the Pacific Ocean, so the Oregon Bill will include the amendment that slavery is illegal there.
New York, New York; "Later from Oregon"; News from the Oregon Spectator, mainly concerning the talks between Governor Abernethy and the Cayuse and Nez Perce people.
New York, New York; Article detailing the upcoming Presidential election.
Washington D. C.; "Late From Oregon"; News from Oregon from a letter written before the passage of the Oregon Bill, and excerpts from The Oregon Spectator.
New York, New York; "From Oregon—Indian Difficulties, Etc."; News from Oregon, mostly focusing on relations and issues with Indigenous peoples, including multiple battles.
New York, New York; "Oregon: Fort Vancouver and the Establishment There" by Achilles De Harley; Account of Mr. De Harley’s voyage down the Columbian River to Fort Vancouver.
Washington, D. C.; "The Oregon Territory"; Account of an emigrant headed to California to partake in the gold rush who joined a group of pioneers headed to Oregon.
New York, New York; "Oregon: Puget’s Sound and the Country Thereabout" by Achilles De Harley; A continuing account of Mr. De Harley’s voyage down the Columbia River and various local bodies of water, arriving at Fort Nisqually.
New York, New York; "Oregon"; Article discussing the settlement of Oregon, its history, geography, climate and natural resources.
Washington, D. C.; "American Indians on the Pacific Coast"; Accounts of relations, treaties, and agreements between settlers in California and Oregon and local Indigenous peoples.
Washington, D. C.; "Puget’s Sound, North Oregon"; "The first popular description of the country about Puget’s Sound ever published in the Atlantic States."
Towanda, Pennsylvania; "An Indian Massacre in Oregon"; Communication from Doctor A. Dar, Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Oregon Territory about a massacre on the banks of the Columbia by Indigenous peoples.
Washington, D. C.; "From Oregon"; News from Oregon, including a proposal to make land north of the Columbia a separate territory, emigration statistics, death on the Oregon Trail, and climate.
New York, New York; "Very Interesting From Oregon"; "Our Oregon Correspondence"; News from Oregon, including advantages of emigrating to Oregon, advice to emigrants, climate and crop details, political news, and concerns about the scarcity of women.
New York, New York; "Pacific Mail Steamship Company" An advertisement for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, which was the only line for mail and passengers going to California and Oregon from Panama and San Francisco.
Olympia, Puget’s Sound; "The Columbian"; A 1952 reproduction of the first issue of the first newspaper published in Washington Territory. Residents of norther Oregon Territory moved to a separate territory north of the Columbia River.
Washington D. C.; "From a Settler in Oregon"; Letter from an emigrant in Oregon discussing his life there, including prices for goods, troubles in Oregon City with land and food, and advice never to cross the plains due to the death and disease.
Washington D. C.; "Oregon"; News from Oregon, including the discovery of gold in South Oregon and the high mortality rates along the Oregon Trail, estimating that 12-15% of that year’s immigrants died along the way.
Salem, Massachusetts; "Correspondence of the Boston Post: by Isaac J. Stevens; Account of Mr. Stevens' journey crossing the Missouri River and exploring the plains, on his way to cross over the Rocky Mountains and head west.
Salem, Massachusetts; "Washington Territory"; Account of Indigenous peoples disturbances on Puget Sound and a discussion of the proposed purchase of Vancouver Island.
Washington, D. C.; "From Oregon and Washington Territories"; Summarizing letters received by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs from Superintendent Joel Palmer about the concerns of people in these territories regarding attacks by Indigenous peoples.
Washington, D. C.; "Late from Oregon Territory"; Information about the continued hostilities and tense relations between Indigenous peoples and settlers.
New York, New York; "Oregon: Progress of the Indian War"; News regarding the progress of hostilities in the Walla Walla country between white settlers under Colonel Kelly and Indigenous peoples.
New York, New York; "From Oregon and Washington Territories"; Summarizing letters received by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs from Superintendent Joel Palmer about concert of people in these territories regarding attacks by Indigenous peoples.
San Francisco, California; "Later From Washington Territory"; Detailing a bloody fight between United States Marines and Indigenous peoples from the Puget Sound area, described by Captain Sargent of the Jenny Ford.
New York, New York; "Oregon and Washington Territories"; News from Oregon and Washington, including telegraphic wires are completed to Salem and Corvallis, and that there was a battle with Indigenous peoples in the Puget Sound.
Washington D. C.; "The Overland Mail From San Francisco"; Announcing the arrival of overland mail in St. Louis from San Francisco in 23 days and 4 hours, which was considered a great achievement and foreshadows a complete consolidation of continental mail.
New York, New York; "Close of the Indian War" by N. S. Clarke; Letter detailing the final battle with Indigenous tribes, as well as their surrender to the United States troops in face of more men and superior technology.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Northwest Coast of America"; Article describing the doubts derived from the possession of Louisiana, and concert that Russia will try to take possession of the Northwest Coast.
New York, New York; "Adventures Among the Northwestern Indians"; Account of the lives and movements of a group of Blackfoot people as the author of the account progresses down the Judith River.
Watertown, New York; "Oregon Correspondence: The Women of the Oregon"; a racist and sexist description of women living and working in Oregon, including Chinese and Indigenous women, and the prospects of work and matrimony for white women.
Watertown, New York; "From Oregon"; News from Oregon, including a proposal to make the land north of the Columbia a separate territory, emigration statistics, death on the Oregon Trail, and climate.
Olympia, Washington Territory; "The North—Western Farmer"; A newspaper, from Olympia, devoted to the "interests of the farm, fireside, and worship"; contains local news as well as national news.
Watertown, New York; "A Great Work Done"; Article detailing the completion of the Northern Pacific railroad, in which the final golden spike was driven in newly formed Golden Spike, Montana.
Hartford, Connecticut; "Murder of the Crew of the Ship Atahualpa"; Account of the murder of Captain Oliver Porter and his two mates by Indigenous peoples on an expedition to trade with Indigenous people along the Northwest Coast.
Baltimore, Maryland; "North West Coast"; Announcement that Russian emperor has declared imperial jurisdiction on the Northwest Coast, prohibiting other ships from entering the area.
Washington, D. C.; "Official Papers: Northwest Coast"; Documents transmitted from President John Quincy Adams regarding negotiations with Great Britain about the Northwest Coast.
Washington, D. C.; "The Northwest Coast" by Thomas Biddle; Letter from Thomas Biddle to J. Scott, urging Scott to vote against establishing a colony on the West Coast, as Biddle thinks it will be counterproductive to interests in Missouri.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Missions: Oregon Mission" by Cyrus Shepard; Letter from Cyrus Shaped to the Corresponding Secretary of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church about mission efforts with Indigenous people in the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "The Oregon Question"; Article stating the newspaper’s position on the "Oregon Question," and how they are worried about war and do not think it is necessary to possess all of Oregon, but also presents other opinions.
Saco, Maine; "Oregon Correspondence"; Report from President Polk of correspondence between the Secretary of State and Minister of the United States in London about issues over the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "Occidental Reminiscences: Farther West"; Introduction and Chapter One of the Dragoons’ expedition record, which includes objectives, information about Oregon emigrants, descriptions of the places explored, and more.
New York, New York; "Occidental Reminiscences: Farther West"; Chapter Four of the Dragoons’ expedition record detailing their observations and adventures exploring the Western territories.
New York, New York; "Occidental Reminiscences: Farther West"; Chapter Five of the Dragoons’ expedition record detailing their observations and adventures exploring the Western territories.
New York, New York; "Occidental Reminiscences: Farther West"; Chapter Six of the Dragoons’ expedition record detailing their observations and adventures exploring the Western territories.
New York, New York; "Occidental Reminiscences: Farther West"; Chapter Seven of the Dragoons’ expedition record detailing their observations and adventures exploring the Western territories.
New York, New York; "Occidental Reminiscences: Farther West"; Chapter Eight of the Dragoons’ expedition record detailing their observations and adventures exploring the Western territories.
New York, New York; "Occidental Reminiscences: Farther West"; Chapter Eight of the Dragoons’ expedition record detailing their observations and adventures exploring the Western territories.
New York, New York; "Occidental Reminiscences: Farther West"; Chapters Ten through Twelve of the Dragoons’ expedition record detailing their observations and adventures exploring the Western territories.
Boston, Massachusetts; "The Oregon Treaty"; A proclamation by President James Polk, detailing the terms of the treaty with Great Britain in regard to ownership and settlement in the Oregon Territory.
New York, New York; "The Oregon Question Settled"; Announcement that the Oregon Treaty was ratified by a vote of 3 to 1 in the Senate, and it is now official.
Washington D. C.; "The Territorial Bill"; Transcript from Congress about a bill to establish a Territorial Government in Oregon, New Mexico, and California.
Washington D. C.; "Letter from the Farthest West"; Letter detailing a journey up the Columbia River to Fort Vancouver and the proposed purchase of the Hudson Bay Company’s establishment.
Port Townsend, Washington; "Clallam Founders: Fifty-Six Lives Lost as a Result of Friday’s Terrible Storm"; Much of the newspaper is focused on news specific to the area, but the main story concerns a steamship accident in Port Townsend with a large loss of life.
Port Angeles, Washington; "Inter-Country Trains by October 1"; Much of the newspaper is focused on news specific to the area, but the cover article is about railways linking Port Angeles and Port Townsend.
Port Angeles, Washington; Various articles throughout issue; local newspaper, with news specific to the Pacific northwest, but also national news and repercussions from World War I.
Port Angeles, Washington; Various articles throughout issue; Local newspaper, with news specific to the Pacific northwest, but also national news and repercussions from World War I.
Kelso, Washington; Various articles throughout issue; Most of the newspaper is local news, especially news happening in Kelso.
Kelso, Washington; "Weyerhaeusers to Start Work"; Much of the newspaper is focused on news specific to the area, but the front page article is about Tacoma-based timber company moving their operations just north of Kelso.
Olympia, Washington; "Washington Standard"; a 1964 "Salute to the State of Washington in its Diamond Jubilee Year," including a reprint of the front page of an 1889 Washington Standard, and an article noting the mirroring of Olympia now and then.
Various newspaper articles about the Ku Klux Klan in the Pacific Northwest and various clippings.
Claims against France to be paid.
Short Piece on Page 2 stating that the Lewis and Clark expedition is ready to begin. Mentions the possibility of settlements on the West coast.
Spain’s objections to the Louisiana Purchase
Boston, Massachusetts; Report of Russia about the American west coast.
Portland, Oregon; Notes the arrival of Captain Lewis and Clark, and their party in St. Louis, Missouri. The article is a summery of specific places in the Northwest that they stayed.
Boston, Massachusetts; Article continued from August 10, 1822, of the dissertation of the Northwest Coast. The second part is about the number, languages, character, customs, and religion of the Indigenous people who inhabit Western America.
Boston, Massachusetts; Arguments in favor of settlement in the Oregon Territory.
Washington D. C.; Report made by a committee of the Senate which is accompanied by a bill to authorize the immediate occupation of the Oregon Territory by the United States government. It also includes excerpts from the Slacum Report, Irving’s Astoria, Lewis and Clark, and others, all justifying the claim of territory.
Boston, Massachusetts; Oregon settlement: an expedition soon to go to Oregon country. Article covers an account of the country, its advantages, and the design of the expedition.
Boston, Massachusetts; Arguments in favor of settlement in the Oregon Territory.
Washington D. C.; Report made by a committee of the Senate which is accompanied by a bill to authorize the immediate occupation of the Oregon Territory by the United States government. It also includes excerpts from the Slacum Report, Irving’s Astoria, Lewis and Clark, and others, all justifying the claim of territory.
New York, New York; A letter to a member of Congress about the Oregon Territory.
City of Washington, Washington Territory; A summary of information and history about the Northwest Territory starting from 1774.
Portsmouth, New Hampshire; "Interesting account of the progress of the settlement at the ‘end’ of the Great west." Population consists of about 75-80 French Canadians and about 50 Americans.
New York, New York; A memorial of the settlers in the Oregon Territory "praying for the establishment of a distinct territorial governor to embrace Oregon."
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Map of the disputed territory in Oregon and the chronological order of exploration.
New York, New York; A full copy of the Oregon Treaty along with message from President Polk.
New York, New York; A full copy of the Oregon Treaty along with message from President Polk.
Washington, D. C.; H. H. Spalding’s long description of the Oregon Country sent to Joel Palmer on April 7, 1846. Included is the extent of the country, climate, and the advantages of the herding system, market, seas, and bays.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; War in Oregon Territory between Indigenous peoples and settlers resulting in the Whitman Massacre.
New York, New York; Article describes the advantages in the Puget Sound for settlers.
Information about Governor Steven’s expedition for exploring options of a Pacific Railroad.
New York, New York; A letter from Governor Stevens, of the Washington Territory, in reference to the maritime advantages of the Puget Sound and bountiful natural resources of Washington Territory.
Washington, D. C.; A log of the Indian War in Walla Walla, and a speech by Governor Stevens about Washington Territory and the Oregon Mounted volunteers.
Washington, D. C.; A martial law is put into action by Governor Stevens in relation to the Indian War.
New York, New York; Article speaks of frontier life in Washington Territory, and the Indigenous peoples’ way of life before settler encroachment. Details of Shoalwater Bay’s first trial involving the murder of an Indigenous person.
New York, New York; A map of Vancouver Island and Washington Territory, showing the San Juan Islands and disputed territory. Debates whether the San Juan Territory belongs to the United States or Great Britain.
Washington, D. C.; Advertisement of the Pike’s Peek Express Company for the Pony Express.
Olympia, Washington Territory; Prejudice against Indigenous peoples and questions whether they should be allowed to testify at trials.
Portland, Oregon
Olympia, Washington Territory; A journal devoted to the interests of the farm, fireside, and workshop.
Olympia, Washington Territory; A journal devoted to the interests of the farm, fireside, and workshop.
Olympia, Washington Territory; A journal devoted to the interests of the farm, fireside, and workshop.
Olympia, Washington Territory; A journal devoted to the interests of the farm, fireside, and workshop.
Jacksonville, Oregon
Portland, Oregon; Paper edited by Abigail Scott Duniway.
Portland, Oregon; A family paper devoted to literature, science, art, and the resources of the Pacific Northwest.
Portland, Oregon; A family paper devoted to literature, science, art, and the resources of the Pacific Northwest.
Port Angeles, Washington
Seattle, Washington
Baltimore, Maryland; "Expedition to the Rocky Mountains"; Account of Native American relations with western explorers
Providence, Rhode Island; "Miscellany"; Excerpts from the account of Indigenous peoples’ relations with western explorers on the expeditions to the Rocky Mountain.
Baltimore, Maryland; "Expedition of the Dragoons to the West"; Account of relations between western explorers and native tribes.
New York, New York; "Interesting Particulars of the Late Expedition of the Dragoons"; Expedition of western explorers and their relationships with Indigenous tribes they encountered.
New York, New York; "Traders to the Far West"; Account of traders from the West and the trials and tribulations they endured returning to St. Louis.
Baltimore, Maryland; "Battle of the Fur Traders with the Indians Near the Rocky Mountains"; Account of a skirmish between traders and Indigenous people west of the Rocky Mountains.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Latest from California"; Report of revolution in upper California where rebels want to organize a republican government modeled after the United State’s Government.
New York, New York; "Lieutenant Colonel Fremont"; Account from Lieutenant Fremont coming from California, in response to the accusations made against him regarding mutiny in upper California.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; "The Fremont Court Martial"; Transcript from Lieutenant Fremont's court martial for mutiny as a result of taking control of the upper part of California during the Mexican-American War
New York, New York; "Fremont’s Expedition"; Excerpts from Lieutenant Fremont’s letters about his new expedition to map the country between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean.
New York, New York; "The New Pass Across the Rocky Mountains" by D. S. Miles; Account of a new, easier pass across the Rocky Mountains from the South Western United States territories.
New York, New York; "The Great West"; Article countering the point from another newspaper stating that all fertile land in the West had been settled, and asserting that there is still much land that can and should be settled.
Watertown, New York; "Cheap Transportation from the West to the Seaboard"; Article noting the difficulty and expense of transporting goods from the West to the Eastern Seaboard, and offering a number of transportation options to connect the two coasts.
New York, New York; "the Mountain Meadow Massacre"; Account of the massacre of a group of pioneers headed to California through Utah Territory by Mormon settlers and Indigenous allies, orchestrated by John D. Lee.
Washington, D. C.; "Routes to the Pacific"; Excerpts from a letter about Mr. A. L. Tarasoon’s expedition on the Mississippi River.
New York, New York; "Dragoon Expedition to the Rocky Mountains"; Letter detailing the departure of the Dragoons for the Rocky Mountains, and their expedition to explore the West.
Washington, D. C.; "Official: By the President of the United States of America, a Proclamation"; Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican—American War in the United State's favor and added 525,000 square miles to United State’s territory.
San Jose, California; Tabloid size paper whose declared mission was "to present valuable information in regard to practical Horticulture and Viticulture. To advertise to the world the extraordinary resources of our Country and State."
London, England; Local news from London, England.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Events relating to the Boston Tea Party.
New York, New York; Local business and the French Revolution.
New York, New York; Local business and the French Revolution.
New York, New York; Local business and the French Revolution.
Boston, Massachusetts; Local business and national politics.
Boston, Massachusetts; Local business, France, and Aaron Burr.
New York, New York; Writings, poetry, and news about war in Europe.
Boston, Massachusetts; Local news and information about laws and elections.
Worcester, Massachusetts; National news about the President and France.
Boston, Massachusetts; Local business and the Louisiana Purchase.
Washington, D. C.; New amendments to the Constitution
Washington, D. C.; Government matters and a celebration of the Louisiana Purchase.
New York, New York; Published letters and local business
Boston, Massachusetts; Local notices and political miscellany.
Hartford, Connecticut; Jefferson’s trade embargo and worries about war.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; War of 1812.
Boston, Massachusetts; "Domestic News: From the North West"; Trade and Indigenous conflicts with tribes, the Spanish, and the Americans.
New York, New York; Discusses local and state business, and contains the results of the 4th United States census.
Portsmouth, New Hampshire; National legislation.
Providence, Rhode Island; Stories, writings, and poetry.
Baltimore, Maryland; National news, including news about relations with Indigenous peoples in the East.
New York, New York; Letters and local news, as well as the results of the 1829 election in which President Jackson beat Adams.
Baltimore, Maryland; Article about the cultivation of tobacco in Virginia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; "Iowa War"; Account of a quarrel between Iowa and Missouri, imploring the governments to intercede, and the implications of the government not exacting authority over its territories.
New York, New York; Local news and news regarding Mexico and the Mexican-American War.
Poughkeepsie, New York; "Message of the President of the United States"; Message from President Polk to the Senate and House about the Mexican—American War, but also mentions the governance of the Oregon Territory.
London, England; National and international news that includes an article about the Mexican—American War.
Boston Massachusetts; Stories and illustrations including President Franklin Pierce and Vice President William R. King.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Regarding the progression of the Civil War and battles happening around the country.
New York, New York; Local news, international news, and news out of Washington, D. C.
Boston Massachusetts; The Western Army prepares to take possession of the "western Posts" near Detroit.
Boston, Massachusetts; Local news
New York, New York; Accounts of the ships in the Atlantic Ocean, and letters from James Monroe.
Montpelier, Vermont; Local news.
Marion, Ohio; "New Inventions: Of the Fairbanks Construction Company"; An announcement that the Fairbanks Construction Company has invented a telescope for thresh-men.