Concerns about Japanese attacks on shipping lanes in the Pacific Ocean triggered the need for a source of fuel that was domestic and inland, protected from enemy threats. The oil field at Norman Wells in the Northwest Territories' Mackenzie Valley had nine wells producing a crude oil that would flow at temperatures to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. To be cost effective, the field would be required to produce 3,000 barrels per day, well within its potential. Three agencies were responsible for delivering the crude oil to a refinery in Whitehorse, Canada: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Bechtel-Price-Callahan, a consortium of American contractors; and Imperial Oil Limited. Imperial Oil drilled additional wells at Norman Wells; the U.S. Army built the CANOL Road; and Bechtel-Price-Callahan constructed the pipelines, installed storage facilities, and developed a refinery at Whitehorse. The CANOL refinery in Whitehorse was dedicated in April 1944. For more information about the Canol Project see: .