Francis S. “Van” Landrum was a businessman and self-taught structural engineer/land surveyor in Klamath Falls, Oregon as well as a noted amateur historian and author. He was born in Pendleton, Oregon on January 14, 1924, and at the age of three his family moved to Klamath Falls, Oregon where he lived for the rest of his life. After his high school graduation in 1941 he joined the U.S. Army Air Corps as a lieutenant and became a B-17 bomber pilot who flew 35 missions over Germany in World War II. After the war Landrum attended Oregon State University but left without graduating. He later became a registered engineer and businessman. In 1953 he founded Fremont Glass & Millwork, later Fremont Millwork, Inc., and continued to operate the family business until his retirement in 1985.
Landrum was considered an expert on Klamath Basin history, especially the Modoc War of 1872-1873. He created an extensive collection of materials about the Modoc War as well as other topics related to the history of Oregon and the Pacific Northwest. From that research he wrote the book
Landrum was active in the Klamath Falls, Oregon community serving as a founding Board member and President of the Shaw Historical Library, member of the Klamath County Museum Board, president of the Klamath Falls Rotary Club and chairing the Klamath County Roads Advisory Committee. He also served on the Oregon Geographic Names Board.
Francis S. Landrum married Patricia Schupp (born April 4, 1924) on July 27, 1947, and together they raised four children: Eloise, Colleen, Kenneth and Paul. Patricia Landrum joined Francis Landrum in many of his research activities. Francis Landrum died on June 16, 2002. Patricia Landrum died on September 7, 2008.
The collection focuses on Modoc Indians and the Modoc War of 1872-1873, John Charles Frémont's Second and Third Expeditions to the American West, and U.S. Supreme Court litigation between California and Nevada about a boundary dispute. It contains documents, photocopies, photographs, negatives and duplicates of stereographic images, maps, videocassettes and audio cassettes, and ephemera. The collection is composed of five series: Series I: Modoc War, Series II: Modoc War Symposium, Series III: Western Exploration and Nevada-California-Oregon Boundary, Series IV: Land of the Lakes History, and Series V: Maps.
Series I: Modoc War contains images and documents related to the participants and events of the Modoc War of 1872-1873. Series II: Modoc War Symposium contains images, audio/visual recordings and documents related to the Modoc War Symposium held at Lava Beds National Monument in March 1988. Series III: Western Exploration and Nevada-California-Oregon Boundary contains research materials gathered by Francis Landrum related to western explorations, especially material associated with defining the boundary between Nevada, California and Oregon in the Lake Tahoe area. Landrum’s personal correspondence on the boundary dispute is also included in this series. Series IV: Land of the Lakes History contains images, audio/visual materials and documents related to a wide variety of topics in the Land of the Lakes region. Series V: Maps includes maps documenting exploration of the American west, the Modoc War, and Oregon. Many items are originals, some are copies. Some were created by Francis S. Landrum.
The collection was re-described and arranged into subject-based series in 2011 and 2012. The series are: I. Modoc War, II. Modoc War Symposium, III. Western Exploration and Nevada-California-Oregon Boundary, IV, Land of the Lakes History, and V. Maps.
The collection is open for research use. Contact the library in advance to view the audio-visual materials in this collection.
Before materials from the Shaw Historical Library may be quoted in print or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part in any publication, exhibit, broadcast or other manner, the user must obtain permission from the owner of the physical property and the holder of the copyright. Copyright status for collections in the Shaw Historical Library varies. Reproduction of any item must contain a complete citation to the original. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.
[item identification], Francis S. and Patricia L. Landrum Collection, The Shaw Historical Library, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon.
Francis S. and Patricia L. Landrum donated portions of this collection between 1986 to 2003.
Francis S. Landrum's personal library of 442 books related to the history of the Land of the Lakes and the Civil War were individually cataloged into the Shaw Historical Library's collections.
Copies of Francis S. Landrum’s book
Proceedings of the Modoc War Symposium were published in
This collection is indexed under the following headings in the online catalog. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons, or places should search the catalog using these headings.
Middle-aged Modoc man with short, dark hair in striped shirt with no collar. "Captain Jack (Keintposes), chief of the band of Modocs at Lost River. Hanged at Fort Klamath, 3 October 1873, for the murder of Brig. Gen. Edw. R. S. Canby under a flag of truce. Taken at Peninsula Camp after capture. Louis Heller photo, copy from the original at Siskiyou County Museum." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82311, 1873. "From Palmquist"
Same photo as above, but has been reversed and retouched. Klamath County Museum
Close-up of Modoc man with short hair, stubble beard, in heavy coat. From the original in the Siskiyou County Museum. "John Schonchin, Modoc Sub-Chief. Indian name Skonches, meaning Stick-out-head [Riddle]." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82315, 1873
2 Modoc men in same clothes as previous photos. Captain Jack and Schonchin John seated and wrapped in blankets. National Archives, Louis Heller photo, 1873
Captain Jack and Schonchin John dressed in small caps, without coats, standing with arms folded & feet chained together. Reproduced from collection of the Library of Congress. National Archives, Louis Heller photo, 1873
Modoc man with short, dark hair in white shirt. "Indian name Te-te-tea-us; so named on account of his dark color. Half-brother to Capt. Jack. Hung at Fort Klamath, Oregon, Oct. 3, 1873 [Riddle]." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #83165
Modoc man with short, dark hair in white shirt and heavy coat. "Indian name Bostin-Ah-gar; so named on account of his light color. Hung at Fort Klamath, Oct. 3, 1873 [Riddle]." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82313. From the original in the Siskiyou County Museum. 1873
Modoc man wearing jacket with fur cap, scarred cheek. "Scar-Faced Charley fired first shot of Modoc War. Scar from wagon accident. "Indian name Chik-chack-am Lul-al-kuel-atko, meaning, run over by a wagon and scarred. Died at Quapaw Agency, I.T., now Oklahoma, Dec. 3rd, 1896. One of Capt. Jack's best shots [Riddle]." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82308. From the original in the Siskiyou County Museum. From Palmquist
Middle-aged Modoc man with short, dark hair and deeply scarred face, dressed in a suit & bow tie. Not a Peninsula Camp photo
Modoc man with short hair in striped shirt. "Indian name, Cho-ocks; alias Woman Doctor, Medicine Man. Died at Quapaw Agency, Okalahoma, 1890 [Riddle]." "Modoc Indian and one of the tribal shamans. National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82318. From Palmquist"
Modoc man with short hair & beaded necklace & white shirt. "Died at Quapaw Agency, I.T. (Oklahoma), 1879 [Riddle]." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82314, from the original in the Siskiyou County Museum
Younger Modoc man with very short, dark hair with light highlights, dressed in white shirt & colored neckerchief. Louis Heller photo #82309, 1873. From the original in the Siskiyou County Museum
Younger Modoc man with short, dark hair and deeply scarred face, dressed in striped shirt and necklace. Two descriptions: 1). "Died in Oakland, Maine in 1885 while studying for the Minister under Auspices Society of Friends". 2). Steamboat Frank- became Frank Modoc- died as a Quaker Minister (ordained) in Portland, Maine. Died January 1884. National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82316, 1873. From the original in the Siskiyou County Museum
Younger Modoc man with short, black hair & narrow eyes, dressed in white shirt. National Archives, Louis Heller photo, 1873. "LBNM has original; from Palmquist"
Modoc man with short, dark hair, dressed in a suit & bow tie. Not taken at Peninsula Camp. "Died on March 14, 1881, in Indian Territory. Wilbur Crim Collection"
Modoc woman with braided hair, one eye closed, wearing plaid blanket. "One-Eyed Dixie, a Modoc squaw and survivor, now residing at the Snake Camp, near the Yainax, Klamath Reservation, Oregon [Riddle]." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #83168. Original photo from Palmquist
Close-up of Modoc man with short hair, in coat. L. Heller photo. "Jeff Riddle says Ike was killed by Ross at Semig Basin, some weeks before Heller's [photo]--from Palmquist." "Little Ike or Dave, Indian name Kan-kush, killed by Private Ross, a wounded U.S. soldier, in the Lava Beds; one of the few Modoc warriors killed [Riddle]." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #83167
Modoc man with short hair, workman's shirt, open collar. "So called because wife was One-Eyed Dixie. Riddle says Modoc name was Mose Kiesk--sounds like Mosenkast, etc. (?) From Palmquist." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #83169. "Died near Bly, Oregon, 1910. Cousin to Capt. Jack [Riddle]"
3 younger Modoc women sitting together, wearing dresses & shawls. "Princess Mary married Miller Charley and one of the Lawvers in Oklahoma--died late--23 Feb 1906. " National Archives, Louis Heller photo #83166
3 Modoc women sitting together & 1 child standing in front, all wearing dresses & hats (2 hats are traditional woven hats). "Lizzy (young wife), Mary (sister), Rebecca (old wife), and Rose (daughter). Lizzy, buried as Lizzie Godowa at Paiute Cemetery in Beatty, OR. Princess Mary, Mother of "Aunt Jennie" Clinton. Rebecca died in Oklahoma. Rose died in 1874, oldest identified grave at Modoc Cemetery near Miami, OK and Seneca, MD." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82317, 1873
4 men in hats standing in line. "Three Modoc 'Bloodhounds' and John Fairchild. Photo taken at Boyle's Peninsula Camp, o/a June 5, 1873. Courtesy Siskiyou County Museum. Louis Heller photograph." National Archives, Heller photo #83170. "John Fairchild. Add Bogus Charley to the three and yield is 'Bloodhounds'." Shaknasty Jim, Modoc warrior; Indian name Ski-et-tete-ko, meaning left-handed person. Hooker Jim, Modoc warrior; Indian name Ha-kar Jim, meaning Let-me-see. Steamboat Frank, Modoc warrior; Indian name Slat-us-locks, meaning sitting down clumsily. Judge Fairchild of Yreka, Cal [Riddle]"
4 Modoc women seated in front of a military tent, wearing dresses, blankets & woven hats. One-Eyed Dixie (back), Martha Mainstake (rt rear) and 2 other unknown women. Taken at Gillem's Camp, probably by Eadweard Muybridge, National Archives photo #82290
3 middle-aged Modoc man standing together, wearing workmen's pants and shirts, no hats. Curly-Headed Doctor, William the Wild Gal's Man, and one unknown man. National Archives, Louis Heller photo, 1873
3 Modoc men sitting together, wearing ragged clothes & in leg chains. This is a close-up reproduction of L.Heller photo #82310. See photo #967 for reproduction of original Heller photo & photos #1090 & 1094 for individual portraits
Tall Modoc man with round hat, necktie & long rifle on ground, standing beside shorter white man with graying beard, wearing suit, vest & flat hat. "Siskiyou County Sheriff Burgess (or Burgus) and Bogus Charley. Burgess was Siskiyou County Sheriff. L. Heller photo--from Palmquist." National Archives, Louis Heller photo #82312
Modoc man wearing round hat, necktie & boots, seated beside Modoc woman wearing dress, blanket shawl & woven hat, holding young child. "Bogus Charley's wife and child; Bogus Charley." National Archives, Louis Heller photo, 1873
Posed family portrait taken 1876. Names also written as Tazewell F. Riddle, Jefferson Davis Riddle & Tobey Riddle. From Klamath County Museum
Middle-aged woman with long, flowing, gray hair, wearing plain dress with white collar. "Winema--Toby Riddle. Born on Link River. Picture taken in New York City 1875." See also photos #29 & 1084
An elderly woman, seated, wearing large feathered hat & polka-dot dress. From Klamath County Museum. See also photos #28 & 1084
Very grainy photo blow-up of a man with short hair. "George Denny, Indian name Slolux. One of the Modoc warriors, sentenced for life to Alcatraz Island, S.F. Bay, and pardoned after serving five or six years. Died at Quapaw Agency, Okalahoma, July 22, 1899 [Riddle]"
White-haired man in suit & tie
Old woman with headscarf, shawl & cane. "Own Niece of Captain Jack -- Aunt Jennie, an Indian Saint-- Daughter of Princess Mary. Pictured while living near Williamson River Store. Dan's and her big barn was where the store now stands. Photos from Buddy Crim (related to Aunt Jennie)"
Younger man with mustache in suit & tie. Appears to be a Modoc Indian
Two Modoc Indian women and child, holding a string of fish. Buildings & power poles in background
Old man with white hair seated, dressed in buckskins, holding knife & bow, arrows on back. "Leader of Modocs during early stages of trouble with whites. Remained loyal to whites during Modoc War. At the treaty in 1864 after signing the treaty, Schonchin pointed to a mountain and said, 'That mountain will fall before I break my word.' Matilda Whittle." "Wild painting of Old Chief Schonchin, brother to Schonchin John." "Old chief Schonchin or Skonches, was head chief of the Modocs for many years. He remained loyal to the Great Treaty that was signed at Council Grove, near Fort Klamath, Oregon, 1864. He was a brother to John Schonchin who was hung for the killing of the Peace Commissioners. He was the Author's father-in-law. Born at Tule Lake, California; died August 10, 1892, aged 95, at the Klamath Reservation, Oregon [Riddle]"
Older woman holding flag with younger woman helping her. "Figure clasping flag staff is Matilda Whittle." "Matilda Whittle -- 45 stars. 45th star -- Utah 1896; 46th star -- Oklahoma 1907 = 11 yrs" "Bill Burk got copy of photo from one belonging to Andy Oritz's grandmother"
Seated woman with two standing boys (looks like mother & 2 young sons)
Young man with bow tie. Wild Gal's name became Betsy Pokumkus. "William Faithfull, the Modoc warrior, who warned Wi-ne-ma that the Peace Commissioners were to be murdered. Indian name Weium. Died Nov., 1911, at the Klamath Reservation, Oregon [Riddle]"
Blow-up of middle-aged man's head & shoulders
Shown: Boston Charley (murderer of Rev. Dr. Thomas), Shacknasty Jim, Hooker Jim (the opponent of Mr. Dwyer), Scar-Faced Charley (the Friend of Steele), Donald McKay (the Half-breed Warm Springs scout who trailed the Modocs), Captain Jack, One-Eyed Dixie (the squaw interpreter), Schonchin (who tried to murder Meacham), Steamboat Frank (Gen. Davis' guide), Curly-Headed Doctor (the Modoc medicine man), and Bogus Charley (the Modoc betrayer). From photos by C.F. Watkins, San Francisco
4 Klamath Indians with horses, chaps, lariats, dressed as cowboys. 3 are mounted & 1 is standing beside unsaddled horse; trees & fence in background. "Willy Drummer David, Homer Whyhilitate H.M. Moore, G.M. Modoc. Klamath Indians near Fort Klamath early 1900" (on back of photo is written "Late 1800/1900's"). 1 photo appears to be original
10 men standing & seated, dressed in heavy jackets/suits. "Pete Choktoot, Jack Palmer, Oliver C. Applegate (sub-agent), Jesse Kirk, Eugene B. Henry (surveyor), Moghenkasket (Dick Brown), Long John (Link River Jack), Chief Lelu, Agency George, Henry Blowe. Identified by Seldon Kirk. Both Moghenkasket (Klamath Father, Modoc Mother) and Blowe were slave traders. Choktoot is Yahooskin Snake (Paiute). Jesse Kirk is Modoc/ Klamath. Lelu = Le Loups - grey wolf"
Old man with white hair & blind(?) eyes, wearing heavy suit & vest. "Made Chief of the Klamaths by Applegates to succeed chief Lalakes. David's Indian name is "Boos Kyoo" (Boos = black, and kyoo = rectum), from Pushli kiu. His brother was Red Blanket, now a creek is named after him at Crater Lake National Park. Was great orator, per Seldon Kirk." "Slave-trader; treaty signer; silver-voiced orator"
Older man in coat & cravat tie
Older man in coat & white collar (blow-up from group photo). "Henry Blowe -- half Klamath -- half Modoc"
Older man in coat (blow-up from group photo)
Dark-haired man in coat with buttons
Older man in rough coat (blow-up from group photo)
Middle-aged man smoking pipe (blow-up from group photo)
Middle-aged man in suit at desk with journal, March 27, 1945. Photo courtesy of Klamath County Museum. Other pictures in envelope are of Kirk in different pose, but taken around the same time
"Seldon Kirk, age 83, contemplating a long past at 'Treaty Tree', Council Grove. December 17, 1965." Other photos are a reverse photo and a different pose, but they are of the same man and around the same time
Aerial photo of rolling land & river under snow
Aerial photo of flat lava country
Rabbitbrush & grass in foreground, small hill in background
Grassy slope in foreground, flat in middle, butte in background
Grass, rabbitbrush & lava outcrops, ridge in background, small figure of person in middle
May be extension of photo #56; same description without person
Rabbitbrush & grass in foreground, small hill with lava cap in background, small figure of person on top of hill
Same hill as #58, different angle
Hollow looking north. Fort is big one NW of Clinton
Flat lava country with ridge in background
Rabbitbrush & grass in foreground, small hills in background (may be same hill as #58 but different angle)
Flat country with brush & lavas in foreground, cinder cones in background, ridge in far background
Small lava outcrop in right foreground, flats in middle, Hardin Butte & ridge in background
Taken from small rocky hill, lava outcrops in middle, ridge & lake (?) in background
Small lava outcrops in grass & rabbitbrush slope
Long lava outcrop in grass & rabbitbrush slope
Lots of lava outcrops in brushy flat, ridges in background & man-made structure visible far away. "Adams = 0, N16°-07'-59" W"
Grass & brush flat in foreground, small bluffs with lava outcrops in middle ground
Grass & brush flat with lava outcrops in foreground, small bluff in middle, ridge in background. "Cranston. 90mm, ?eil to Cranston = S80°-11'-28" E" (words partially cut off)
Grassy flat with lava rock outcrops & ridges in background. "Thomas -- 0°, AZ = N76°-22'--52"E"
Forest service sign set at behest of Brown, Cuff, and Cronemiller in Ebstein stone cairn. Sign says, "Modoc Indian War, site of Thomas Massacre, 29 soldiers killed and 18 wounded. April 26, 1873." Photo taken 1960's
Lava rock wall in foreground, lava beds in middle, lake and ridges in background
Aerial view of lava & brush country after light snowfall
Horizon: Big Sand, Caldwell and Schonchin Buttes. Near center: Hardin Butte with Cranston Knob, low @ center
Near center: Hardin Butte with Cranston Knob in front. Flat top is Big Sand Butte; with saddle is Caldwell Butte; right border is Schonchin Butte
Hardin Butte from west. Protruding knob is Cranston Knob
Across Semig Basin. Cranston Knob at right border
Looking across grassy flat with lava outcrops toward ridges in middle and background. "Cranston = 0, 135 mm, ?heil to Cranston S80°-11'-28"E" (words partially cut off)
Aerial view of water impoundment in lava/grass flat, trees in background
Across sage & juniper flat with lava outcrops, looking toward snowy ridges in background, small butte with lookout in middle ground. "From atop Hardin Butte looking into Schonchin Butte"
NW Salient- Stronghold. Stone redoubts near Coehorn mortar emplacements. Photo taken 1960's
Small, square lava rock formation in foreground, lava beds in middle, buttes & ridges in background
Close-up of lava rock structure. "? @ Daylite, 58 = 0, S48°-04'-22"E" (words partially cut off)
"Daylight" fort on northwest corner of Thomas Hill
Big stone fort at south end of Roemer Ridge. Photo taken 1960's
Man with hat looking at lava rock structure
Small, round lava rock structure
Revetment "Boutelle" (daylight) at northwest flank of Thomas Hill. Photo taken 1960's
Small, round lava rock formation
On Wright's Ridge, looking southwest. Photo taken 1960's. "Redoubt at Coehorn mortar emplacement site"
Ken Landrum at south end of Wright's Ridge. "Hollow" to Ken's left is the "Thumb of the Glove". Photo taken 1960's. "Ken Landrum kneels in southerly fort on Wright's Ridge." (?)
Collapsed lava rock formation. Photo taken 1960's
Rescue party redoubts at Wright's Ridge. Photo taken 1960's
Bill Burk, Dale Thompson, and Joe Kennedy in stone forts on Wright's Ridge. Photo taken 1960's
Ken Landrum on Wright's Ridge standing inside lava rock wall. Photo taken 1960's. "Ken Landrum at east end of south fort." (?)
Van Landrum leaning on lava rock wall, looking NE to Schonchin Flow & toward Lighthouse. Photos taken 1960's. Landrum has moved slightly between photos. "Van Landrum behind large revetment near center of Wright Ridge defenses"
Lava rock structure and outcrop in left foreground, gentle ridge in background
Where Thumb of Glove joins Semig Basin. Photo taken 1960's
Bill Burk in stone redoubt on Cranston Knob, upslope is Hardin Butte. Photo taken 1960's
Bill Burk in stone redoubt on Cranston Knob. Photo taken 1960's
Close-up of short, high lava rock wall. Photo taken 1960's
Close-up of lava rock structure
Lava rock structure in foreground, lava outcrops in middle, ridgeline in background
Lava rock structure in foreground, lava/grass flats in middle, rounded butte in background
Lava rock formation in foreground, striped pole in middle, rounded butte in background
Young man in lava rock outcrops, lava flats in middle & ridgeline in background. "Near 51?, Next 52, Miller = 0°, N261-48'-06"E" (words are partially cut off)
Same man as in #109 standing by lava outcrop on slope, ridgetop in background
Lava outcrop with sign, gentle ridge in background
Multiple lava rock outcroppings in foreground & middle, butte in right background
Close-up of lava rock structure, lava/brush flat in middle, ridgeline in background
Close-up of partial lava rock structure in foreground, lava/brush flat in middle, rounded butte in background. "Hardin = 0°, S68°-01'-54"E"
Looking across gentle ridge to bluffs & ridgeline in background. "Romer = 0, Az = S29°-53'-35"W"
Same man as in #109, looking at remains of lava wall, top of gentle slope in middle, rounded butte in background
Same man as in #109, sitting on lava rocks & writing in notebook. "#55, Az = 75°"
Close-up of partial lava wall, brush & lava flat in middle, gentle butte in background, ridges in far background. "#50, 0° = Cranston, S77°-54'-35"E"
Lava rocks in foreground, brush & lava rock flat in middle, ridges & lake in background. "Boutelle, Adams = 0"
Same man as in #109, sitting on lava rocks beside lava wall with gentle butte in background. "Cranston = 0, S71°-42'-21"E" (words partially cut off)
Van Landrum looking at lava rock formation, holding 2 rocks; shrub & brushy flat in middle, long ridge in background
Small, round lava rock structure on brushy flat
Small, square lava rock structure in brush flat with butte in background
Small lava rock formation in foreground, many lava outcrops in middle, gentle butte in left background. "58 = 0, S48°-04'-22"E (some words are cut off)
Over the top from Hardin Butte looking into the Schonchin Flow. Photo taken 1960's
Negative labeled, "Stonework on Cranston Knob." Back of person's head & shoulders inside lava rock ring, ridge in background. Photo taken 1960's
Small lava rock redoubt. Photo taken 1960's
Probably same redoubt as in #129, different angle. Photo taken 1960's
Probably same redoubt as in #129, different angle. Photo taken 1960's
Scott Warren at the large Southern fort on Wright's Ridge. Photo taken 1960's
Scott Warren at the same fort as in #132, different angle. Photo taken 1960's
From atop Hardin Butte looking northerly across Schonchin Flow, Bryant Mountain in the distance. Photo taken 1960's
Large lava rock structure. Negative labeled, "Stone redoubts near Coehorn mortar emplacement." Photo taken 1960's
Several lava rock structures & outcrops. Negative labeled, "Stone redoubts near Coehorn mortar emplacement." Photo taken 1960's
This photo of Hasbrouck in uniform & cap of the Spanish American War, either as Captain or Colonel. Battery B, 4th Artillery Regiment
This photo of Howard in uniform, Retired
Young man with bow tie. 2nd photo is a grainy enlargement. "Probably Heller Yreka photo. Killed by Hooker Jim & Bogus Charley (?) or Miller's Charley (?)" "Born in Yreka, Cal.; aged 21. Left a mother, father and brothers to mourn his loss [Riddle]"
Lithograph of middle-aged man with dark hair & goatee, in uniform & military cap. "1st Lt. Albion Howe, Battery A, 4th Artillery (Evan Thomas). Courtesy of Klamath County Museum"
Fuzzy photo of young man in CW uniform
Family portrait of seated man & wife, surrounded by 2 young women & 4 young men. "Only known photo of J. W. Perit Huntington; Supt. of Indian Affairs, pre-Meacham. Second from right, back row." Courtesy of Oregon Historical Society, negative #75736
Man with white hair & goatee, in military uniform. Troop B, 1st Cavalry
Much younger man than in #143, with brown hair & full beard, wearing elaborate uniform. Troop B, 1st Cavalry. Fought in all Modoc Wars except one. Fisher Collection
Middle-aged man standing to address audience, with CW veterans & dignitaries seated on stage. Courtesy Oregon Historical Society, negative # Oreg. 654
Acting assistant surgeon (contract surgeon). Picture taken in 1882, five years before his death
CG, Department of Columbia. Middle-aged man in uniform with shoulder insignia. Courtesy Klamath County Museum. 1 copy is reversed
Different photo than #147, but taken around the same time. Courtesy Klamath County Museum
Drawing of Modocs shooting at Canby on right, with arm outstretched; Winema on ground in left front. Famous illustration of the Modocs killing the Peace Commissioners, as sketched by William Simpson. "No photographer was present on Good Friday 1873, when Captain Jack (left, center) murdered Gen. E.R.S. Canby while under a flag of truce, but Simpson's drawing is an accurate representation of the scene [Dillon]"
This photo is a drawing made from photo #1069. It is different than photos #147 or #148, but taken around the same time
Grainy photo of middle-aged man with beard in uniform with shoulder insignia. "Lt. Col. 23 Inf"
23rd Infantry; CG Department of Columbia. Middle-aged man with beard in uniform. See also photo #164
"Jefferson Columbus Davis (back row, left), Richard Ridder Meade [a Virginian who resigned from U.S. Army on May 1, 1861 to join the CSA (Confederates)], Theodore Talbot (back row, right), and Major Robert Anderson (1st Artillery)"
Pressley A. Dorris at Canby Cross, the cross built and set by Lt. John S. Parke and John Fairchild
Paiute Country: Lt. Col. John M. Drake of the Oregon Volunteer Cavalry. Volunteers oversaw the Paiutes while the regular army was east- 1861-5
Older man with white hair & beard, in suit. "File no 6A4" "Klamath Indian Agency Supt." "Hon. Leroy S. Dyar, U.S. Indian Agent and member of the U.S. Peace Commission, April 11, 1873 [Riddle]." Courtesy Klamath County Museum
Elderly man in suit & tie. (Identified by D. Woodhead)
Group photo of approximately 22 soldiers & civilians, standing and seated. "Col. A.C. Gillem, Col. Jeff. C. Davis, Col. J.A. Hardie, Major E.C. Mason, Capt. Calvin De Witt, Capt. Henry McElderry, Capt. Edwin Bently, Lieut. C.P. Egan, Major John Green, Unknown, Lieut. G.G. Greenough, Unknown, Capt. G.J. Lydecker, Capt. Ed. Field, Lieut. Peter Leary, Capt. E.V. Sumner, Lieut. H.N. Moss, Capt. David Perry, Lieut. W.H. Miller, Capt. J.G. Trimble, Lieut. J.Q. Adams, Capt. C.H. Hoyt [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps Photo #82296
Middle-aged man with dark hair & full beard, shoulder epaulets, sitting with coat unbuttoned. Lithograph of Col. Alvan Cullom Gillem, 1st Cavalry. Courtesy of Klamath County Museum
Lithograph as Bvt. Maj. Gen. during Civil War. Became C.G. Dept. of Columbia. Col 23rd Infantry. Middle-aged man with beard in uniform. Courtesy Klamath County Museum. See also photo #156
Middle-aged man with glasses & sideburns in uniform
2nd Lt. Batt K, 4th Artillery, acting C.O. Capt. Edw. Field's Co (came later). Wounded April 26, 1973 with Capt. Thomas. Harris became 1st Lt. on May 1, 1873 and died May 12, 1873. Credit U.S. Military Academy Archives -- June 15, 1868
1st Cavalry. Young man with beard in uniform. Photo taken at Washington D.C., probably in 1864
1st Cavalry. Middle-aged man with beard in ornate uniform (he is much heavier than in photo #169). Photo taken at Walla Walla, Washington, probably in 1878
Older man with white hair & beard in ornate uniform. Courtesy National Archives
Photo of 3 older men, 1 in military uniform, 1 in Indian dress, 1 in suit & tie, taken Oct. 27, 1923 at Seattle, Washington. Col. Back of photo reads: "F.A. Boutelle, as 2nd Lt., Troop B, 1st U.S. Bar, on Nov. 29, 1872, fired first shot in the famous Modoc Campaign. He died at his home in Seattle on Feb. 12, 1924 at age 83. Histo (Toplish), one of band of Warm Springs Indian scouts commanded by Donald McKay who participated in the campaign against "Captain Jack" and his renegade Modocs. Maurice Fitzgerald, former Sergt. Troop "K", 1st U.S. Cav. who also fought in that memorable conflict and served at a scout through the Bannack War." Photo is old & folded. "Boutelle, Frazier A. 2 Lt, B 1 Cav." "All three were involved in the pursuit of Capt. Jack and the remainder of his Lost River Band in the last week of May, 1873"
Young man with long sideburns in uniform. "Company D, 21st Infantry. Arrived at Fort Klamath in fall of 1873 from Camp Warner. Commanded Company F at the execution of Modoc prisoners." "2 Lt, F 21 Inf"
Middle aged man with full sideburns & light hair, in suit & tie. 2nd photo is grainy enlargement. "Klamath Indian Agency Superintendent during Jack's return December 1869 until leaving in spring 1870." "U.S. Agent at the Klamath Reservation served in the Union Army during the Civil War and was promoted twice for gallantry and meritorious services at the battle of Mission Ridge, Tennessee, and during the Atlanta campaign. Honorably discharged at his own request, returned to his home at Bellefontaine, Ohio, where he died April 16, 1877 [Riddle]"
Younger man with full beard & dark hair, in uniform with shoulder insignia. Major, Brevet Colonel--21st Infantry Regiment
Head of medical department at Fort Klamath during the trial and execution of the Modoc Indian prisoners. #180
Older man with gray mustache & short hair wearing suit. Son of Thomas & older half-brother of Donald, stepson of John McLoughlin. Served as guide for troops venturing into Paiute country. Was witness and interpreter for Oct. 14, 1864 Great Treaty of Klamath Lake. Oregon Historical Society Neg. No. 653. See also photo #933
Middle-aged man with thinning hair and beard in suit & vest. Supt. of Indian Affairs. Photo gift from Elizabeth Redington Stewart, his granddaughter
Meacham is older than in photo #178, with less hair & in suit & tie. Supt. of Indian Affairs. Photographer unknown
Star-shaped medal with eagle clasp & striped ribbon. 1896. "The Congressional Medal of Honor design in use during the Modoc War of 1873"
Lithograph of Cincinnatus Heiner Miller. "First class copperhead frog". Young man in suit & cravat, with long, curly hair and beard
Older man with white mustache in uniform, uniform hat & medal on chest. Collar says, "U.S.V"
Young man in cadet uniform. "1st Lt, 1st Cavalry, Captain Jackson's Troop B. U.S. Military Archives - June 17, 1867"
Supt. Ind. Affairs, OR after Meacham. Tool of Corbett, Corvallis editor. May be reversed negative. Oregon Historical Society Neg. No. 36942
Two negatives
White-haired man without facial hair in suit & tie
Middle-aged man with full beard & dark hair, in suit & bow tie. "Troop F, First Cavalry Regiment. From Camp Warner with Adams and Com. Miller." 1 photo says "from Brady", the other photo says "Photographer Unknown" (same photograph)
Cemetery. Grave in foreground: 1st Lieutenant Arthur Cranston, 4th Regiment of U.S. Artillery. Killed in action with Modoc Indians in the Lava Beds, California, April 26, 1873
Young man with goatee in suit & tie. "Charles Putnam. Grandson of Jesse Applegate; with Jesse's son, Henry, guided Troop H to the lair of Capt. Jack and family. Gift of Eugene A. Putnam, Charles' grandson." "Granddaughter is Mrs. Georgia H. Beeson, Bakersfield, CA"
Men pictured: Capt O.C. Applegate; Chief Joseph, Nez Perce; Buffalo Horn, Bannack; Chief Ehegante, Malheur; Capt S.G. Fisher; Maurice Fitzgerald; Dock McKay; Col H.L. Bailey, U.S.A. (R); Col J.W. Redington, Asst. Adjt. Gen. of Oregon, 1879-1883, Original Boy Scout; Col A.I. Chapman; Gen O.O. Howard, U.S.A (R); Cutmouth John, Umatilla; Maj Edward S. Farrow; Capt R.R. Fletcher, U.S.A (R); Col C.E.S. Wood; Andrew McQuaid; George Banks; Col F.J. Parker; Jack Campbell; Chas Adams; Rube Robbins, Chief; and Henry Pierce. This picture issued by Col. J.W. Redington, 1924. Second Edition 1926
Young man with rifle, bandolier with bullets & sombrero. Individual close-up of #191. "John Watermelon Redington"
National Archives, US Signal Corps Photo #82299
Older man with white hair & long sideburns, in suit & tie. "Also business associate of Jesse Carr. See Bob Johnston, 'Two Jesses'." "Judge A.M. Roseborough. Died on November 8th, 1900, aged about 85 years. Buried at the Catholic Cemetery, Oakland, California [Riddle]"
"The Modocs; Reports that They are Disheartened. They Flee Toward Goose or Clear Lake. Fifteen of their Warriors Killed During the War. Gallant Conduct of Captain Thomas, Lieutenants Wright, Eagan, and Others." "Lt. Chas P. Eagan, 1st Lt 12th Inf. Co. G, wounded at second stronghold battle--who is Green?" Courtesy Klamath County Museum
Young man with mustache in military uniform & tie. "1st Lt, Co. I, 21st Infantry. Shot in thigh April 11, 1873 by Curly Haired Jack and Miller's Charley; died on the 14th at Hospital Rock." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82280, printed in reverse
Older man with graying hair & beard in suit, sitting in parlor setting. Courtesy Wilbur "Buddy" Crim. 1 photo looks original. "Permission to copy prohibited." "One time Indian agent for the Siskiyou area. Friend and confidante of the Modoc Indians [Landrum]"
USSC photo # B-4444 (Brady Collection) in National Archives
2nd Lieutenant, Battery B, 4th Artillery. Young man with mustache in ornate uniform. Courtesy Mrs. Edmund Gruber. #150
Uniformed young soldier with long sideburns & mustache standing in studio pose with feathered hat & saber. (Identified by D. Woodhead)
Young man with long sideburns & mustache in military uniform & tie. Battery A, 4th Artillery Regiment. Courtesy Klamath County Museum
Older man with white hair, uniform has shoulder epaulets. Father of Evan Thomas (identified by D. Woodhead)
Middle-aged man with light eyes, thinning hair, dressed in suit, vest & bow tie. Dated April 11, 1873
Young man with light hair & mustache in suit & tie. "Judge Charles B. Watson." "Early Linkville attorney known to Hal Ogle"
Commander of District of the Lakes at beginning of Modoc War. Young man with dark hair, eyes, goatee, in general's uniform & campaign ribbon with cross. Photo has been torn from backing & is damaged in several places; "Signal Corps U.S. Army" is embossed on photo. "Bvt. Maj. Gen. Frank Wheaton, Lieut. Col. 21st Infantry [Landrum]"
Young man with goatee in military cap & uniform. Photo of Civil War lithograph while Wheaton was Bvt. Major General, II Corps (from Riddle). 21st Infantry Regiment. "Gen. Frank Wheaton, U.S.A. Died June 18, 1903, at Washington, D.C. [Riddle]"
Large monument in center of photo. "Wright grave in Sacramento." Cemetery is unidentified. Same tombstone & memorial as in photos #210 & #211
Same tombstone & memorial as in photos #209 & #211. Inscription reads: Killed in the Modoc War, April 26, 1873, Aged 43 years
Same tombstone & memorial as in photos #209 & #210, but larger view. Tombstone is leaned up against base of large memorial at head of Gen. Wright and his wife's graves
Young man standing in lava rock structure, slope in background. "Figure (Scott Warren) at a stone wall fort on Wright's Ridge"
Grassy flat in foreground, end of lava beds in middle, ridge in background
Grassy flat in foreground, end of lava beds in middle right, small knoll in middle left, ridges in background
Brushy hilltop with lava rock outcrops in foreground, juniper/brush flat in middle, ridges in background. All same scene, but taken from slightly different positions. "Across Cranston Knob toward Barntop and Gillem's Bluff." "From top of Hardin Butte looking across Cranston Knob. Black finger is Devil's Homestead"
Photo taken from grassy hilltop, looking down ridge to lava beds, ridges in background. "Looking across the shoulder of Hardin Butte into Schonchin Flow and the Stronghold"
Photo taken from grassy hilltop, flat ground in middle, mesas & bluff in background
Photo taken from grassy hilltop, looking toward end of lava beds & brushy flat, ridges & bluffs in background
Sunning on lava rock
Photo taken from grassy hilltop, looking toward lava beds & brushy flat, ridges & bluffs in background. Probably a panorama with photo #220
Photo taken from grassy hill with lava rocks, looking toward lava beds in middle, grassy flat & ridges, buttes in background
Grassy flat in foreground, lava beds in middle, buttes in background
Brush & juniper in foreground, rock outcrops & juniper in middle, tall bluff with structure atop in background, mountains & ridges in far background
Photo taken from grassy hilltop, looking toward lava beds in middle, open flat in background, ridges in far background
Photo taken from grassy hilltop, looking toward lava beds in middle, open flat & bluffs in background, ridges in far background
Aerial view of lava beds with eroded crater in top of photo
Close-up of stacked lava rock formation with more lavas in middle & bluffs in background. "Across Semig Basin from the Thumb-of-the-Glove to Cranston Knob"
Photo of many small lava rock outcrops on gentle slope. Courtesy Klamath County Museum
Ken Landrum at "body stakes" at Lighthouse
Battle scene from different angle than photo #234. 3 men are crouching or seated in middle of photo
Small lava rock outcrops on slope; probably another close-up view of Hardin Butte
Photo looking down brushy slope with many lava rock outcrops, toward lake and ridges in background. "Daylite = 0, Near is 43, Next is 44, N1°-19'-29"W"
Lava rocks with survey stake in foreground; gentle slope in background. "Top of hill is Boutelle. S39°-59'--00"W to Boutelle. Axis of photo is S39° - 55' -- 25"W"
Lava rock structure with survey stakes in foreground; many lava rock outcrops on flat in middle; buttes in background. "Ranging 46-48. N59°-15'E"
Lava rock outcrops in foreground, man with back turned in middle, mesas in background. "Near 56. Daylite = 0. Figure is in 57. N35°-58'-32"W
Lava rock structure in foreground, brushy flat in middle, gentle hill in background. "Cranston = 0. S72°-11'-19"E" (some words are cut off)
Lava rock outcrops in foreground, man sitting on rocks in middle, juniper flat & ridges in background (probably same location & person as photo #243, but different angle). "Az=49, N40°-32'-08"E" (some words are cut off)
Man in foreground by lava rocks, brush & rocks in middle, bluffs & ridges in background (same man as in photo #245). "Romer = 0. S31°-01'-45"W"
View of tents & soldiers in foreground, Tule Lake in middle, ridges in background. "Muybridge's panorama of Gillem's Camp [Thompson]." In panorama, photo #260 is left of photos #731 & #261. "To the left is the U.S. hospital. To the right are General Gillem's and the officers' quarters. In the center are Riddle's camp, Charley La Booth's restaurant and Pat McManus' store [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82291
View of tents & soldiers in left foreground & middle, lava beds & lake in middle & background. "Muybridge's panorama of Gillem's Camp [Thompson]." In panorama, photo #261 is right of photos #260 & #731. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82292
View of tents, horses, soldiers, Howitzer Circle & Tule Lake. Muybridge photo #160__? "Eadweard Muybridge panoramas of Gillem's Camp." "Northwest end of Gillem's Camp. The lone bell tent in the center is believed to be General Canby's. The rock corral still stands today. The larger tents at the left end of the far row composed the general field hospital [Thompson]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82305
7 photos are exactly the same scene, but some are details or in stereo; 1 photo is the same scene but taken at different time. Captions say, "Tule Lake, Camp South, from the Signal Station, Tule Lake in the distance" & "Headquarters on Tule Lake, taken N.E. from Bluff". "A portion of Eadweard Muybridge's panorama of Gillem's Camp." Heller photo #2503, Muybridge photo #160, National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82559
"Alex McKay, surveyor/reporter, and two 12th Infantry soldiers at one of Gillem's camp picket posts, both holding Sharps rifles. Gillem's camp is in background." "McKay, the San Francisco 'Bulletin' correspondent, taking notes on the battlefield near Gillem's camp. At the left are two Warm Spring Scouts, on the lookout for the Modocs. One of them [is] Tallach [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82307, Muybridge photo #1616
A-C. Joe Sidwalla ("Sidwaller" [Riddle]), Warm Spring Joe, U.S. Indian Scout leading mule. Litter on back on mule built by Hyrum Field, carpenter. Wounded man on litter being carried in during the Modoc War. D. Stereo photo. Printed in "The Modoc War", published by Bradley and Rulofson. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82306, Muybridge photo #1617
Cave with lava rocks in front of opening & clothes on ground. "This cave was used by them and the author before the killing of the Peace Commissioners; after that they removed to Gen. Gillem's camp. Ricks in the foreground, part of chimney used for cooking purposes [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82297
1 civilian & 2 soldiers peering through lava rock barricade. "U.S. soldiers on the lookout for an attack by the Modocs, at a picket station in the Lava Beds [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82293
Soldiers on ridgeline in lava beds with tent below. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "Maj. Edw. C. Mason's camp in the invested stronghold was in N.E. sector. From Palmquist." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83688. Heller photo #2517
3 soldiers on slope looking down to flat ground, with 1 signal flag. "Signal Rock on the bluff immediately above Gillem's Camp. The lower end of the trail down Gillem Bluff may be seen toward the left [Thompson]." "Panorama of the Lava Beds, from the U.S. Signal Station which lies to the north of Gen. Gillem's camp [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82300
Looking out over lava bed outcrops & structures. "Note tule mat bot (bed?) foreground
Looking out over lava bed outcrops & structures. Heller photo #2520. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83687
Caption says: "Captain Jack's stronghold (Scarfaced Charley's Cave), now held by the troops". Tent sitting above cave in lava rocks. Heller stereo #2509
Schonchin's Rock overlooking Gillem's Camp. Tall rock spire in foreground, tents from Gillem's camp in left middle ground, flat ground in middle & background. "Schonchin, or Skonches Rock, northeast from Gen. Gillem's camp. Facing Tule Lake, California [Riddle]." Muybridge photo #1610. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82288
"Stereo - Stronghold looking N20°W. Dot sits at end of Hovey Point." View across jumbled lava rocks towards Tule Lake. Muybridge photo #1619. Printed in "The Modoc War", published by Bradley and Rulofson
Stereo- "Roughest part of the Stronghold- looking north to lake". View across jumbled lava rocks towards Tule Lake. Muybridge photo #1619. Printed in "The Modoc War", published by Bradley and Rulofson
Stereo- "Core of the Stronghold". Muybridge photo #1619. Printed in "The Modoc War", published by Bradley and Rulofson
4-5 men standing & sitting in jumbled lava rock landscape. Muybridge photo. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82298
Stereo photo looking into cave mouth. Heller photo #2510
View of lava tube/cave in ground with rock structures surrounding it. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82295
Caption says,' The Peace Commission's Tent and stone on which the General Canby was sitting." Strip torn from tent to cover General Canby's body. Muybridge photo #1601. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82282
Lava rock shelter/structure with cooking implements & reed materials in foreground. National Archives, Army War College photo #82294
Group includes Hooker Jim, Shaknasty Jim, Scarface Charley, Lt. Melville Wilkinson, Bogus Charley, Little Ike or Dave, probably Long Jim, Bogus Charley's wife, Bogus Charley's child, old wife of Capt. Jack (Rebecca), Lizzie the young wife, Ole, James Rahds Charlie, Ellen Scarface Charlie. 1 photo may be original
Tintype plus photo reprint. Both source and figures unknown. One man is standing, the other sitting. They appear to be Hispanic or Native American
Charles Hood, Sr., at graves of Modoc Indians at Fort Klamath, 1922. Photo appears to be original
Portrait of 4 person family standing & sitting. All Modoc Indians. Seneca, Mo. 1800's. 1 photo may be original
Man & woman standing, with beaded headdresses and bandolier, bone necklace. Modoc Indians. Seneca, Mo. 1800's. 1 photo may be original
Students, priest, and teachers at Indian Boarding School on Modoc Prairie. 1800's. 1 photo may be original
"Uncle Dan, Aunt Genny, Lilly Clinton". Seneca, Mo. 1880. Photo appears to be original
Original postcard photo & reproduction of woman in 1-horse buggy. Buddy Crim's grandmother (Modoc Indian). Seneca, Mo. 1880-90
Original postcard photo & reproduction of man standing in store with arrows & beaded quiver in hand. Husband of Dolly Lawver, and Buddy Crim's grandfather. Seneca, Mo. 1800's
Studio portrait of young woman. Buddy Crim's mother. Late 1800's or 1900. 1 original photo and 1 reproduction
Studio portrait of young woman. Winnie Lawver Crim's girlfriend. Photo taken at Pawnee, I.T. (Oklahoma). 1 original photo and 1 reproduction
Studio portrait of seated couple with 3 standing children (Modoc Indians); early 1800's. 1 original photo and 1 reproduction
Man in skimmer standing beside old Ford with children in front seat & Indians with feathered headdresses & buckskin leggings in back seat. Superintendent Dever (skimmer), two children, Sam Lawver (Buddy Crim's grandfather) and Parker Hubbard (both Modoc Indians). Late 1800's after Modoc War
Memorial tombstone: "In memory of Winema, Modoc Heroine; interpreter for Peace Commission, pensioned by Congress for courageous and loyal service--Modoc War, 1872-3. Presented by Winema Chapter; Placed by Eulalona Chapter; Daughters of the American Revolution; May 30, 1932." "Tobey Riddle's grave at Bug Butte"
Memorial tombstone: "Sconchin, head chief of the Modocs; His courageous loyalty to his treaty obligations kept the bulk of his tribe from the warpath and saved the Klamath settlements; 1872-3; Marker erected by Eulalona chapter, D.A.R., 1932." "Chief Schonchin's grave at Bug Butte"
Tombstone: "Peter McCarthy Schonchin; 1842-1939." "A headstone at Peter M. Schonchin's grave at Bug Butte"
Tombstone: "Gone home, beloved father, grandfather, and friend; Peter McCarthy Schonchin; passed April 25, 1939, aged 97 years; Wards Klamath Funeral Home." "Headstone of Peter McCarthy Schonchin, 1842-April 25, 1939"
Tombstone: "George; USE; 1867-1941." Son of Dr. George. "George's grave at Bug Butte (probably George Drew)"
Tombstone: "Dr. Duffy; born 1833; died 1898." "Bug Butte"
Tombstone: "Millie John Riddle; died April 1890; age 80 yrs." Schonchin Cemetery
Tombstone: "Riddle, Jefferson C.; 1862-1941." "Bug Butte"
Tombstone: "Benjamin Lawver; Died Nov. 20, 1915; age 65 years; Safe in Heaven." "Bug Butte"
Tombstone: "Sister to Winema; Suvian Henderson; 1847-1935." "Suvian Henderson grave at Bug Butte, sister to Tobey Riddle"
Tombstone: "David Popunkus; died Nov. 3, 1906; age 60 years--Alexander Popunkus; died Nov. 16, 1908; age 90 years; Rest in Peace"
Wooden tombstone: "Tom Jones; died April 27, '75." "Tom Jones headboard at Bug Butte"
Close-up of 2 mortars mounted on wooden bases, from 2 different angles. Courtesy Klamath County Museum
Close-up of 2 mortars mounted on metal bases, with shells in foreground, lava rock wall & coat in middle ground. "The Lava Beds Coehorn mortars. Eight tubes are left, LBNM has 2 (one loaned to KC Museum)." "Coehorns were last used in military action on the morning of April 17, 1873, right here"
Same mortars & place as photo #334, with man pounding something into mortar shell. "Park ranger John DiGolia with the Modoc Battlefield Coehorn mortars at very near the April 17, 1873 emplacement site." "Near where Thomas had located them in the Stronghold." Landrum photo taken in June, 1973
Same subject as photo #335, but different pose & angle. "Coehorn tubes are solid bronze"
Same subject as photos #335-336, but close-up of mortar shell. "The Lava Beds Coehorn mortals. Hollow ball is filled with shot and powder"
Photo of Coehorn ball with ruler & label: "Hole is 15/16" in diameter; case wall is 1.25"±; interior is spherical"
Photo of mortar shell with ruler & label: "5.625" in diameter." "Hollow Coehorn cast-iron ball, 6.625 in. dia, shell thickness 1.25 in"
View across lava rocks & flat to rise in background. Writing on photo says: "Juniper marking Hasbrouck's Camp; where Ellen's Man died in lap of Peter Schonchin; south sec. corner common to 32+33 about 50 east from this photo station (stake in rock pile)." "Self explanatory; Landrum copy of LBNM original." United States Department of the Interior--National Park Service, Neg. No. 65-86
Label on photo says: "Site of the Dry Lake Battle. Looking toward the north, the tree indicates the U.S. Army camp with the high ground toward the right where the Modocs retreated and Ellen's Man George died. (Right picture of a 2 picture panorama view)" "Tree marks site of cavalry (B&G) camp at Sorass Lake." Lava Beds National Monument, Tule Lake California. Photographer Robert C. Zink, Chief Park Naturalist on Sept. 22, 1960. USDI--National Park Service. "Landrum copy of LBNM original"
Label on photo says: "Dry Lake Battle site looking southward along the western edge of the lake. Tree indicates the approximate location of Army camp. Timber Mtn in background." "Tree marks site of cavalry (B&G) camp at Sorass Lake." Photographer Robert C. Zink, Chief park naturalist on Sept. 22, 1960. USDI--National Park Service. "Landrum copy of LBNM photo"
Lava rocks in 2 adjacent square formations
Standing water on brushy flat in foreground, small hills & large electric transmission towers in background
Looking across lava rock flat to edge of shallow lake (Tule Lake?)
Looking across bare dirt, with vegetation & bluffs in background. "Looking across Copic Bay to Prisoner Rock from the east. To the left of the rock (south) was water"
Looking across bare dirt field, road, barns & powerline in middle, bluffs in background. "Across the old 'Jap Camp' to the north end of the peninsula"
Foreground is brush & lava rock with melting snow, middle is flat field & shallow lake with structures, background is bluffs & ridges. "Foreground is 'Land's Island'"
Looking across bare dirt field toward the Peninsula at Tule Lake, with structures & powerline in middle ground. "Across the old 'Jap Camp' to the north end of the peninsula showing the craggy center por(?)"
Looking across cultivated field, fences & powerline in middle, Horse Mtn. in background. "Horse Mountain, also known to the emigrants as 'Raspberry Hill'"
Looking across grassy lava rock flat with melting snow; fence in middle, ridges in background, Horse Butte on right horizon. "Foreground is Land's Island"
Possible reproduction of old photo
Family posing for picture- mother & father seated, three older boys standing. "Charles Putnam family; copied from Eugene Putnam's photo"
Harold B. Ashley and Francis S. Landrum locating the flagpole remains. Stake in center is driven centered atop the old, broken butt of Fort Klamath flagpole. Ashley photo. 1962. #195
Van Landrum at the dressed-stone monument marking the southeast corner of Fort Klamath Military Reservation. Ashley photo, 1962
Van Landrum & 3 men behind fence around cornerstone of Fort Klamath Military Reservation
Van Landrum & 2 men by cornerstone of Fort Klamath Military Reservation
Close-up of cornerstone of Fort Klamath Military Reservation
Van Landrum, Lowell Jones, Rick Bowman & 1 other man kneeling by cornerstone of Fort Klamath Military Reservation. (See narrative by Lowell Jones)
Van Landrum, Lowell Jones, Rick Bowman & 1 other man kneeling by of Fort Klamath Military Reservation cornerstone (different stone than photo #362). (See narrative by Lowell Jones)
Photo of hand-drawn map showing layout of Modoc graves at Old Fort Klamath
"Southeast view of Old Fort Klamath. Guard house on extreme right. Third barracks not built yet. Photo taken around 1875±?" "Fort Klamath, looking mostly east and some south." "Birdseye view of all the buildings at old fort Klamath, Ore. Left, officers' quarters; the soldiers' headquarters to the right [Riddle]"
One-story house with large porch. Brig. Gen. Frank Wheaton's quarters at Fort Klamath, Oregon, 1876. "Adjutant's office, site of the trial of the Modoc Indian prisoners [Landrum]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83649
Two-story house with large porches & dormers. Commanding Officers' quarters, Fort Klamath, Oregon, 1876. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83659
"Graves of the Modoc Chiefs, executed at Fort Klamath." Grave markers are wooden & surrounded by board fence, with Fort Klamath buildings in background. All 4 grave markers are visible
Officers, civilians, women, and children on lawn in front of steps of white house (probably Commanding Officer's Quarters at Fort Klamath)
One-story white building with porch; white wooden fence is behind the building. "War correspondent William M. Bunker likened the Fort Klamath guardhouse (on the outside) to a 'comely' family home. Captain Jack of the Modocs did not find it a satisfactory lodge as he waited there for his October 1873 date with a U.S. Army hangman [Dillon]." National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #83662
Drawing of graves, fence & buildings at Fort Klamath. "Guardhouse and graves at Fort Klamath"
The present museum building copied after the original guardhouse. Unpainted building in Ft. Klamath Park; this is the building that burned down in 2001. #215
Dilapidated Fort Klamath Hospital at north end of Parade ground. Photo shows 2 men climbing through holes in roof, 1 man & buggies outside. Photo taken around 1889
Large 2-story white building with wrap-around porches & multiple chimneys, man standing on upper porch. Post hospital, Fort Klamath, Oregon, 1875. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83665
3 small unpainted buildings. Post Trader's Store, Fort Klamath, Oregon, 1875. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83655
Long white building with double doors. QM Storehouse, Fort Klamath, Oregon, 1876. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83657
Close-up of wooden grave markers behind wooden fence, surrounded by Fort Klamath buildings. Looking east at the Modoc Indian graves. Cavalry barracks to the left, guard house to the right, and "officer's row" in the distance. Fisher collection. #200
Close-up of wooden grave markers behind wooden fence, surrounded by Fort Klamath buildings. Looking east at the Modoc Indian graves. Similar to photo #379, but different angle
Close-up of wooden crosses marking the Modoc Indian graves at Fort Klamath. The fenced enclosure is gone, but a post & wire fence is visible in middle ground. "Modern day grave markers at Fort Klamath." Devere Helfrich photo, taken 1939. #205
Close-up of wooden grave markers behind chain fence & concrete curb, with chain link fence close behind them. The southern three of the Modoc Indian graves - Captain Jack, Schonchiss, and Black Jim. 1988 photo. #210
Close-up of wooden grave markers behind chain fence & concrete curb, with chain link fence close behind them. 4 tombstones in fenced area - Captain Jack, Schonchiss, Black Jim, and Boston Charley. Photo probably 1988
Drawing of large gallows with elaborate wooden supports. "The six-place gallows -- Captain Jack's scaffold. Photo from the original Parke watercolor." "Lieut. John Parke's watercolor of the six-place gibbet from which 'vunipa modikishash igg" (word is cut off). #185
"Fort Klamath. Captain Carpenter and 14th Infantry Company are lined up in double file with rifles at rest, on porch of Fort Hospital. Photo taken around 1882"
Line of soldiers on front lawn in front of Fort Hospital. "Fourteenth Infantry at Fort Klamath"
Line of soldiers on horseback. Fort Hospital is visible in middle ground. "U.S. Cavalry (probably 8th) at Ft. Klamath; lge bldg is n. barracks; hospital @ rt rear"
Group of over 20 men, women, children & dog, sitting on porch with white columns; wooden sidewalks
Small white church with steeple. Fort Klamath siding and windows. Built by Rev. Jesse and Seldon Kirk. Earthquake damage in Sept. '93
Group of about 25 officers, women & children. Fort Walla Walla, Washington, 1800s. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83652
Close-up of middle-aged man with short, dark hair & mustache, plaid shirt. 1 photo is stereo. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83701. Louis Heller photo #2506
Close-up of middle-aged man with long, graying hair & mustache, dressed in suit & bow tie
3 men sitting together; 2 have long hair, 1 has short hair. Men shown: Donald McKay, Toplash, and Winishett of Warm Springs Reservation. "Note: none of the three captured Captain Jack." Louis Heller photo. From Palmquist
Group of Warm Springs Scouts; 10 Indians with rifles & military hats posing in front of Tule Lake. 1 photo is stereo. "Warmsprings Indian Scouts at Hovey Point." Louis Heller photo #2507
View of Lava Bed, near Mason's camp, showing a group of soldiers and Warm Spring Indians. 1 photo is stereo. "View from east side; soldier sitting in front of lone standing W.S. left could be Major Mason. Looking south--note chimneys." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82555. Louis Heller photo #2515. From Palmquist
4 Warm Spring Indians with guns, standing behind lava rock structure. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82289
10 Warm Spring Scouts sitting on ground in front of soldier tents, with rifles stacked between them, 1873. "At camp near Hovey Point." "Left to right: Unknown, Frank Sidwaller, Pinouse, Schooley, Lieut. Jake Thomas, Ta Lome." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82287. Muybridge photo #1628
Two men shown; detail of McKay leaning against rock taken from photo #405
Group of Warm Springs Scouts; 10 Indians with rifles & military hats & overcoats posing in front of hillside. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82285
McKay is seated, dressed in hat, wool coat & plaid shirt, with rifle crossed in front. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82284
McKay with 4 scouts, leaning on lava rock in front of line of tents. 1 photo is slightly different pose than other 2 photos. "Warm Spring U.S. Indian Scouts. Left-Tahome; behind him-Sisson Jim; standing-Donald McKay [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82283. Muybridge photo #1628
Posed photo of Warm Springs Indian shooting gun from behind pile of rocks. "Indian name, Loa-kum Ar-nuk [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82303
Same Indian as in photo #406 in different pose. 2 Descriptions: #1- "Modoc Warrior--Showing method of dress, type of gun and rock structures"; #2- "Warm Spring Scout named Loa Kum Ar-nuk--Strung over shoulder is Sharps tube case contains seven shot magazines tubes, seven each". National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82304
Creek in foreground, tree & grasses in middle, rock cliff in background. Looks like photo #414 from farther distance. Captain Jack's cave is near top of rim rock in center
Small creek in foreground, rocky bank & juniper flat in background. "Here was once a bridge"
Rocky trail up juniper hillside. "Northwest approach to the Willow Creek bridge on the Steele Swamp road. This is a road?"
Juniper tree with beaver damage near top of hill with lava rock outcrops. "A beaver worked on this juniper tree"
River with trees in background, small figure on opposite shore. "Figure is Erwin N. Thompson"
Boy sitting on rocks. "My son Paul was about 6 years old in this picture of the large stone circle in the "U" of Clear Lake. Harold Ashley photo about 1963 or 64"
Lava rock outcrops in foreground, flats in middle, lake & ridges in background. "Stone redoubts near Coehorn mortar emplacements." "Trash Print"
Lava rock structures in foreground, flats & road in middle, ridges in background. "Stone redoubts near Coehorn mortar emplacements"
Man sitting at top of cave/hole in ground. Lavas in foreground, ridges & bluff in background. Man's position is slightly changed in each photo. "Cranston Knob, Hardin Butte, and Caldwell Butte in 'conjunction'"
Woman walking on trail through rocky area, fields in middle & ridges in distance
Lava rock wall with small hole (cave?) at Lava Beds
Looking down from rock escarpment to lava ridge, flat & lake. "View across the Devil's Homestead lava flow adjoining the Modoc Battlefield." Photo courtesy Freda White Terry
Man standing in lava rock cave on hillside. "The roughness of the lava in Black Ledge of the Modoc Battlefield". Photo courtesy Freda White Terry
Man & woman standing in front of house with something on chair between them. Label says: "Mary and Will Davis at their home at the foot of Van Brimmer Mountain. The Davis family added on the section on right to the original old Van Brimmer home. 1884"
From south shore of Tule Lake looking up the slope through the buttes to the Highlands
Looking across flat toward the Peninsula, Horse Mtn. & sign on rocky hillside. "Looking left of Hospital Rock to the Peninsula"
Dry meadow, corner post, and lava rock structures in foreground, dry lake in middle, range of hills in background
Sagebrush flat in foreground, fence in middle ground, Horse Mountain in background
Looking across flat toward buildings & The Peninsula. Butte in background
Close-up of wooden cross set in lava rock base, with hill slope in background. "Canby's Cross, with Gillem's bluff background." Photo courtesy of Freda White Terry
Older man with white beard & cane, in buckskin suit & bearskin hat, standing beside Canby's Cross ("probably the Parke cross"). "Co B, OVM. -- Probably about 1926. Edith Rutenic McLeod photo"
A more recent photo of Canby's Cross. Cross now has interpretive sign & gold lettering. Letters on cross say: "General ERS Canby was murdered here by Modocs April 11, 1873"
"View of the spot where Gen. E.R.S. Canby and the Peace Commissioners were murdered by the Modocs. The downtrodden grass and pegs in the foreground show where the Peace Tent was at time of Massacre. The cross designates where Gen. Canby sat when first fired at by Capt. Jack." "Original Canby's Cross." 1 photo is stereo. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82560. Heller photo #2508
Looking down on buildings, howitzer circle, roads & Tule Lake. "Howitzer Circle; extreme top is Hovey Point w/poplar grove near north end. Largest building is Van Brimmer "Fort" -- dairy house"
Looking down on howitzer circle, road with parking area, lava beds & Tule Lake. "Gillem's camp from Lower Gillem's Bluff. Howitzer circle @ left; portion of Gillem's Graveyard @ rt border." "From Gillem's Bluff: Looking downward and easterly to site of Gillem's Camp"
Circular stone redoubt in center of Gillem's camp - Landrum photo
Another view of Gillem's Camp (Landrum photo). "Ctr -- Howitzer circle; next left: Supt's residence; far left -- pump house." "Gillem's camp site from Gillem's Bluff"
Unidentified men and tents behind rock wall circle. From National Park Service, Negative #63 27. Muybridge original #1615. "Military Fortification, Lava Beds, Muybridge (photographer), Copy Mar. 1941 of 1873 Photo U.S. Signal Corps #82301"
Boy leaning on sign inside rock wall circle. Sign says "U.S. Army Headquarters from March to June 1873 - Modoc Indian War"
Looking down on howitzer circle, telephone poles, Tule Lake & ridges in background. "Right Horizon is the Peninsula"
Two buildings and pickup are seen in this photo that were not in photo #462. May be remains of CCC camp?
Howitzer circle from a slightly different angle. Appears to be the same date at photo #463. May be remains of CCC camp?
Detail of Howitzer circle. Probably an enlargement of photo #464. May be remains of CCC camp?
Detail of Howitzer circle. Probably the same as photo #465, but larger view shows the house nearby
Closer view of Howitzer circle. Probably an enlargement of photo #465
Close view of large rock outcrop on slope, with building and ladder in photo. "Equipt is water standpipe, now long removed"
Large lava rock outcropping on slope with grassy hill on right
Probably the same rock outcropping as in photo #469, but photo taken from above. Small structure is visible near foot of rock outcrop
Rocky hill with flat top in right foreground, rocky valley in left middle ground, mountains in background
View across brushy, rocky flat with buttes in background. Back of 1st photo says: "Big Sand, Caldwell & Schonchin Buttes on Horizon. First photo is labeled "Near center is Hardin butte and Cranston Knob -- Black tongue from right is Devil's Homestead". 2nd photo (reprint) has broken line inked across photo and is labeled "Thomas Command, outbound. AM 26 May"
This photo is unlabeled, but is the same scene as photos #474 & #475, from a different angle
"From near Gillem's camp looking SE across Schonchin flow (far) and Devil's Homestead (near lava flow). Big Sand Butte (flat top, far center) and Schonchin Butte (right border)
"Gillem's Bluff. SE -- Landrum foto, 1965 - @ Left, Big Sand Butte - @ Rt, Schonchin Butte". This photo is an enlargement of photo #474
Looking along raised, rutted dirt road toward ridges & bluffs in background. Grass flat is beside both sides of road. "Dike road in lesser days"
View from rise across agricultural land toward lava beds, bluffs & ridges. "Near -- grainfields on old lake bed, then Hovey Point. SE sump beyond Hovey Point. Irregular hill is 'Prisoner's Rock'. Horizon is Bald Hills @ Clear Lake"
Van Landrum sitting on rock surrounded by rabbitbrush & sagebrush. Juniper trees & hill in background
Similar to photo #478
Looking down on a cave in a rock outcropping surrounded by juniper trees & sagebrush
Rock outcropping in foreground, paved road & telephone pole with juniper trees & sagebrush in middle ground, ridge with juniper trees in background. Photo has water spots
Rocky hill with a few junipers has a path defined by a line of rocks. Lake with ridge behind it is seen in right background
Person standing on path on rocky hill with junipers, lake in background. Photo looks like a different place on the path in photo #485
Close-up of a path on rocky slope with juniper tree and sagebrush. May be a different place on the path in photos #485 & #486
Looking down from bluff at highway turnaround & square stone walls of Gillem's graveyard. Photo is labeled #7-E-2, but index # 7-E-5 is correct description
Looking down from bluff at Gillem's graveyard & paved road; lava beds in middle & buttes in background
Looking across turnaround toward graveyard & bluff
Photo is labeled "Gillem's Graveyard. Muybridge photo. Near is graveyard. Figure is Paul Landrum. Upper left is Howitzer circle. Landrum Photo"
Graveyard from a different angle, with bluff behind it. "Look carefully for trail from the top of Gillem's Bluff"
Graveyard from a different angle, with cinder road in foreground. "Gillem's Graveyard from the north"
View from Gillem's bluff across lava beds, with paved road in center of photo. "Look carefully -- Gillem's Graveyard. Horizon rt center is Juniper Butte; Farther, and to left is Timber Mtn"
Lava rock with sagebrush & a few junipers on rising ground, with peak in background
Lava rock with sagebrush & a few junipers on rising ground, with rocky rim in background
Lava rock ring with brush in foreground, junipers in middle ground & hill in background. Something white is in photo near ring
Small lava rock structure in left middle ground on brushy flat with hills in background
Small lava rock structure in left middle ground on brushy flat with butte in background. May be same scene as photo #500 but from different angle
Man sitting on small lava rock structure in right foreground on brushy flat with butte in background. May be same scene as photos #500 and #501 but from different angle
Close-up of lava rock outcrop with brush & lava ridge in background
Sagebrush hummock with lava rock outcrop in foreground, sagebrush-juniper flat in middle ground and long escarpment in background
Brush in foreground, lava rock outcropping in background
Brush in foreground, large lava rock outcropping in background
This photo may be a continuation of photo #509
This photo may be a continuation of photo #510
This is a close-up of two or more symbols in white and black paint
This is a close-up of many human figures and symbols in white and black paint
This is a close-up of two human stick figures in black paint
Gillem's Camp interpretive sign. Sign appears to be lying on the ground. Aug. 1988
Near view of Gillem's Graveyard, with cinder path in right foreground and slope in background. Interpretive sign is visible at corner of graveyard. Aug. 1988
Close-up of modern sign entitled "Modoc War Casualties". Names listed are of Civilians, Modocs, Volunteers, Warm Springs Scouts, and Soldiers. Aug. 1988
Closer view of introductory paragraph on sign entitled "Modoc War Casualties". Aug. 1988
Closer view of sign entitled "Modoc War Casualties" list of Modocs, Volunteers and Warm Springs Scouts names. Scouts names are checked with black ink pen. Aug. 1988
Closer view of sign entitled "Modoc War Casualties" list of Civilian names. Names are checked with black ink pen. Aug. 1988
Closer view of sign entitled "Modoc War Casualties" list of Soldiers names. Names are checked with black ink pen. Aug. 1988
Closer view of sign entitled "Modoc War Casualties" list of Army units and the campaigns they fought, through the Vietnam War. Aug. 1988
Three people sitting on tailgate of SUV. Two are in National Park Service uniforms, the third may be a Park Service volunteer. Aug. 1988
Lava rock jumble in foreground, open flat with hummock in middle ground, butte in right background. Aug. 1988
Looking uphill with lava rock jumble in foreground, open rise in middle ground, small tree on top of hill in background. Aug. 1988
Close-up of stacked lava rocks in foreground, buttes and ridge in background. Aug. 1988
Close-up of stacked lava rocks forming barrier. May be same structure as photo #527 but from a different angle & distance. Aug. 1988
2 close-ups of stacked lava rock barrier with butte in background. These photos are of the same structure but from a different angle & distance. May be the same structure as photos #527 & 528. Aug. 1988
Stacked lava rocks on hill in foreground, open juniper-brush flat in middle ground, escarpment in background. Aug. 1988
Open flat with rock wall in left foreground, line of juniper trees in middle ground, buttes and ridge in background. Oct. 1987. #1-2
Grassy flat with lava rock in foreground, buttes and ridges in background. Oct. 1987. #1-9
Paved two-land road in foreground, rock outcropping on ridge in background. Oct. 1987. #1-4
Grassy flat in foreground, buttes and ridges in background. Oct. 1987. #1-7
Grassy flat in foreground, large cinder butte in middle ground. Oct. 1987. #1-6
Open flat in near foreground, line of juniper trees in foreground, buttes and ridge in background. May be closer view of photo #531. Oct. 1987. #1-3
Paved two-lane road in left foreground, rock outcropping on ridge in background. Same as photo #533 but from different angle. Oct. 1987. #1-5
Lava rocks and juniper tree in foreground, slope rises to small rock outcropping in middle ground. Aug. 1988
Close-up of flower (Indian paintbrush?) in lava rocks. Oct. 1987. #1-10
Open flat with rock outcropping in foreground, line of juniper trees in middle ground, buttes and ridge in background. May be same scene as photo #531 but from closer spot. Oct. 1987. #1-1
Brushy flat in foreground, lava rock structure in left middle ground, lake in right middle ground, buttes in background. Oct. 1987. #1-11
Grassy flat in foreground, buttes and ridges in background. Same scene as photo #534 but from closer spot. Oct. 1987. #1-8
Patti Landrum by tombstones & sign at Calhoun Hill, Custer battlefield
Unidentified cemetery with large memorial. 5 photos at different distances. Sep. 1986
Van Landrum holding onto "Baxter Springs City Limit" & "Speed Limit 35" signs, small town in background
Van Landrum holding onto "Quapaw" sign, small town in background
Tombstones of Luella James (1904-1962) & Clyde James "Chief" (1900-1982)
Tombstone of Jas. Shacknasty (d. 1881)
Tombstone of William Lawver (d. 1903)
Tombstone of Clark S. James (1875?-1938)
Tombstone of Geo. Denney (d. 1899)
Tombstone of Sallie Clark (d. 1896)
Tombstone of Shepline Smith (d. 1879?)
Tombstone of Ruth G. Bellm (1892-1920)
Tombstone of Etta (1868-1930) & Charles Stanley (1856-no date)
Tombstone of Rock (no surname or date)
Unidentified tombstones (6 in foreground & more behind)
Tombstone of James Long (1845-1891). "Youngest Warrior in Modoc War"
Tombstone of Nancy Snider (d. 1903)
Tombstones of Horace, son of D.&J. Clinton (1899?-1908) & Hazel, daughter of S.&D. Clinton (1885-1897)
Tombstone of Lee, son of Long & Betsey George (date obscured)
Tombstones of Samuel Lawver (d. 1909) & Martha Lawver (d. 1913, age 105 years). "Martha Lawver died at Quapaw Agency, Oklahoma, March 31, 1913, aged 106 [Riddle]"
Tombstones of Crim (no surname or date visible) & Winnie Crim Schiffbauer (1883-1946)
Tombstone of Winnie Crim Schiffbauer (1883-1946). This is a close-up of photo #563
Tombstone of Augustus C., son of D.&J. Clinton (1890-1907)
Tombstone of Aunt Jane King Phelps (1766-1886). Inscription says "Godmother-Historian & Medicine Woman of the Ottawa Tribe"
Tombstone of Crim (same as in photo #563)
(may be the same as in photo #567, but different angle)
(Same as #569, but different angle
Old weathered sign reading "Modoc Cemetery" with arrow pointing right. Paved road & cattle in background
(may be the same as in photo #570, but different angle)
Probably the same as #569
Cemetery with unidentified tombstone in rock enclosure with tree; more tombstones in background
Possibly associated with cemetery, #569
Tombstone of Mother, Cora Hayman (1870?-1949)
May be same house as in photo #575
Red buttes rising off red outcrops in valley floor. Oct. 1986
Looking down into bowl & at cliffs in background; railing in foreground. Oct. 1986
Red soil & scattered brush in foreground, bluffs & hills in background. Oct. 1986
Car stopped on paved road with trunk open (same car as in #569 & #570). Sep. 1986
Group of 15 soldiers & civilians seated/standing on rock outcropping in Lava Beds. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82286. "Surgeon J.O. Skinner, Lieut. E.S. Chapin, Capt. H.C. Hasbrouck, Doctor Thomas T. Cabaniss, Capt. James Jackson, Capt. John Mendenhall, Lieut. E.T. Theller, Lieut. W.H. Miller, Major G.J. Lydecker, Lieut. J.G. Kyle, Capt. C.B. Throckmorton, Lieut. H. DeW. Moore, Dr. Sterling, Capt. G.H. Burton, Lieut. J.M. Ross [Riddle]"
Lava rocks & Native American artifacts (baskets, mats). "Shaknasty Jim's camp in the Lava Beds [Riddle]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82294
Part of rock corral in right foreground, with soldiers & tents in middle ground & bluff in background. "Bell tent in background is believed to be General Canby's." "View of Gillem's Bluff from the stone corral of the 1st Cavalry, used briefly as a prison for the Army's sole Modoc prisoner, Long Jim [Dillon]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82301. Muybridge photo #1615
Back row: Capt. Oliver C. Applegate, Toby Riddle, Frank Tazewell Riddle (or ?Tazewell Frank Riddle); middle row: Lac-el-es (Long Jim's wife) & Martha Mainstake ("sister of Betsy Pokumkus, The Wild Girl, Indian name Lauw-Lauw-Waush" [Riddle]); front row: Me-hu-no-lush (blind) & Sau-kaa-dush (same women as in #610). "These four Modoc squaws were prisoners in charge of Captain O.C. Applegate [Riddle]." Taken by Muybridge at Gillem's Camp, 1873
Soldiers in formation between picket line & tents, with guns resting on ground. "A company lined up as if prepared for an inspection at Gillem's Camp. Their uniforms are much neater than might be expected because of the low morale [Thompson]." "Cavalry troopers stand at ease at the base of Gillem's Bluff before and advance into the Lava Beds as foot soldiers during the Modoc War [Dillon]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82299
Looking down from Schonchin Rock to soldier camp & lava beds below. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82288
Dam spillway overflow in foreground, with ranch buildings in middle & hills in background
Anderson-Rose dam sitting atop Natural Bridge ledge--Lost River. Farm is Randall Pope's NH Boque Place. Landrum photo 1967
Middle-aged man with curled hair & clean-shaven, dressed in wool cape & suit. "Brother to Jesse and Charles; father of Oliver and Ivan"
Soldiers resting in lava beds, Tule Lake in background. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "SB 'stronghold' looking west. Gillem's Bluff visible; Van Brimmer Mtn. (Mt. Dome) faintly visible in left foto. From Palmquist." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83689. Heller photo #2518
Looking up rocky slope to ridgeline. This is a Stereoscopic View. "Correction -- Looking Northwest, more north than west!" Heller photo #2516
Soldier standing by howitzer inside lava rock wall/structure. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "Howitzer Sec. of Battery A, 4th Art., 2nd Lt. E.S. Chapin, in area near NE corner of Stronghold. 12 lb Mountain Howitzers. From Palmquist." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83686. Heller photo #2514
Lava rock structure in foreground, lava beds in middle, Mt. Shasta barely visible in far background. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "Looking west; flat top butte @ right horizon is 'Barntop'. Blue sky and white Shasta fuse together. Note tule mat. From Palmquist." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83698. Heller photo #2513
2 soldiers standing on large lava rock. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "Jagged far horizon is the Peninsula. Note north end. Note Army tents far left. Looking North of East. From Palmquist." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83700. Heller photo #2512
Cave entrance in foreground, rock wall on ridgetop. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83703. Heller photo #2511
Entrance to lava tube/cave. National Archives, US Signal Corps photos #82558 & #83695
Looking across lava rock to soldier tents beside lava rock walls/fortifications. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "Capt. Jack's cave is just out of bottom of foto; tents are Co B, 21st Infantry, 1st Lt. John M. Ross. Capt. VMC Silva sick. From Palmquist." "Stronghold scene after April 17 investment; tents probably are of 21st Infantry Regiment." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83690 (1 photo is numbered 82554). Heller photo #2519
Looking up lava rock slope. This photo is a Stereoscopic View. "SB 'Stronghold', looking NW. From Palmquist." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83703. Heller photo #2520
Lava rocks & brush, with bare ground & trail in center of photo. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "Escape route agrees w/Dr. Waters and Maj. Hardin, 'Throckmortom Blundered'." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83696 & 82563. Heller photo #2521
Looking from hilltop down into grassy valley, with prominent rock in right foreground. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "There is no contrast (in black & white) between a bright blue sky (note shadows) and a white Mt. Shasta. From Palmquist." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #83694. Heller photo #2522
Looking down from wooded hillside into town buildings far below; ridges in background. This is a Stereoscopic View. Heller photo #2523
Looking down wide dirt street lined with commercial buildings, flagpoles along street & hillside in background. This is a Stereoscopic View. Heller photo #2524
Same street as photo #727, with men & boys standing under a hanging effigy. "Sec. of Interior Columbus Delano, hanged in effigy in Miner Street, Yreka after Canby assassination." Heller photo #2525
Soldiers standing by tents & fence in plowed field, ridge in background. "Copy of picture in court house at Alturas: 'Soldiers on Jesse Carr ranch at Clear Lake, 1872-1873'; taken by J.B. Hulse; presented to Alturas Parlor #159, NDGW by Mr. Dick Minard. The foto was taken at the ranch at Malin, not Clear Lake. Photo from Betty Lou Byrne"
Soldiers, horses & many tents on shore of shallow lake. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "Another view of Gillem's Camp. The row of four bell tents in the foreground undoubtedly represent officers' row. Horses have disturbed the earth along the picket line in front [Thompson]." National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82557. Heller photo #2504
Soldiers, horses, rock circle & tents on shore of shallow lake. "Muybridge's panorama of Gillem's Camp [Thompson]." "Gillem's Camp, at the southwestern corner of shallow Tule Lake adjacent to the Modoc Lava Beds. Note the round corral of volcanic boulders built by the 1st Cavalry for its mounts [Dillon]." In panorama, photo #731 is between photos #260 & #261. National Archives, US Signal Corps photo #82281. Muybridge photo
Many buildings in military style near large lake--compare with photo # 734. "Gillem's Camp/Camp Lava Beds. Built in 1934. (Orient with Howitzer Circle)." CCC camp
Howitzer circle in large open space near large lake--compare with photo #733; no buildings can be seen. "Gillem's Camp/Camp Lava Beds. 1984 photograph. (Orient with Howitzer Circle)"
White-haired man with hat, holding small black & white dog on his lap
Hillside after light snowfall with lava rock wall on hilltop
Two views of Howitzer Circle after light snowfall, looking from hillside toward lake. "Gillem's camp site under a cover of snow; 'Howitzer Circle' shows clearly"
Paved road, kiosk, van, lava beds & lake after light snowfall. (The war ran from 29 Nov to 1 June)
Looking down on paved road & soldier's graveyard after light snowfall
Slope in foreground, river & flat in middle, escarpment in background; after light snowfall
View of lava beds after light snowfall (far view of photo #741). (The war ran from 29 Nov to 1 June)
Lava rock wall at top of slope; after light snowfall. (The war ran from 29 Nov to 1 June)
Path or slot going up slope in lava rock; after light snowfall. (The war ran from 29 Nov to 1 June)
View of lava beds after light snowfall. (The war ran from 29 Nov to 1 June)
Lava rock structures after light snowfall. (The war ran from 29 Nov to 1 June)
View of lava beds after light snowfall. (The war ran from 29 Nov to 1 June)
Lava beds & Tule Lake with ridges in background; after light snowfall. "Has old Tule Lake returned? Center height is Sheepy Peak"
Lava rock structures/outcrops after light snowfall; loaf-shaped mountain in background
Lava rock structure after light snowfall; loaf-shaped mountain in background. "In Captain Jack's Stronghold, looking west to Mount Dome"
Young man standing in lava rock structure (different view of photo #750). "Near Hospital Rock with snow cover. Figure is Paul Landrum"
Young man posed in studio with hat on pedestal. Portrait is labeled: "Plate 2. Louis Herman Heller (1839-1928). Photograph taken July, 1861, probably" (the rest is cut off)
Looking down into brushy flat; tall rock outcrop in right foreground, buttes in background. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #83697. Heller photo #2501
Looking down on rectangular rock enclosure with gate. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #83699. Heller photo #2502. "Gillem's Graveyard." "The rock wall, but not the gateposts, still stands, although rebuilt many times [Thompson]"
2 soldiers (1 has bugle, 1 has rifle) moving through brushy, rocky flat some distance in front of many tents & bluff. 1 photo is Stereoscopic View. "Posed: Gillem's Camp with bugler and cavalryman. Rifle looks like a Henry." "Trumpeter and rifleman at southeastern outskirts of Gillem's Camp. New call: H..." National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #82564 & #83693. Heller photo #2505
Looking down on soldier's camp & Tule Lake with large rock outcrop in foreground. National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #82302
Flimsy wooden cross surrounded by grass & brush, inside lava rock wall
Young man in uniform, with light hair & beard. Oregon Historical Society Neg. No 11123
4 older men with white hair leaning on old auto. "Klamath Indians: Lindsay Applegate's sons, about 1910 or so: Oliver C. with Spanish American War hat (not his); Lucien Applegate, the Swan Lake valley cattleman (Edgewood ranch); Jesse A. Applegate, lived on US 395 south of Lakeview; Ivan D. Applegate, the Swan Lake valley sheep man"
Older man with white hair & beard, in suit, vest & tie. "Jesse Douglas Carr, about 1895. DeVere Helfrich Photocopy, 30 Oct 72"
Sage & juniper flat with butte & ridges in background
Sagebrush flat with ridge in background
Scott Warren near small fortified lava circle, road in middle, ridge in background
Same as #778, but slightly different pose. (Can't find number in index)
Juniper-sage flat, 2 small buttes in middle, ridges in background
Dirt road, sagebrush flat, butte in middle & ridges in background
Small lava rock wall
Long wall built of lava rocks, Scott Warren behind wall
Long wall built of lava rocks (may be same place as photo #785)
Close-up of lava rock circle & lavas, Bill Burk inside (may be same place as #785)
Lava rock wall in sagebrush flat with ridge in background
Long wall built of lava rocks with Scott Warren inside & Bill Burk (?) outside (may be same place as photo #785)
Close-up of lava rock wall with hole (gun port)
Lava rock structure (part natural, part constructed) in sagebrush flat, buttes in background
Close-up of lava rock structure with Bill Burk standing inside
Close-up of lava rock structure on sagebrush flat
Long wall built of lava rocks with Scott Warren inside & Bill Burk (?) outside (same as #789, different pose)
Short lava rock wall with buttes & ridge in background
Lava rock structures with Bill Burk inside
Lava rock wall by dead juniper tree with Bill Burk standing beside
Lava rock circle wall with Bill Burk inside
Lava rock wall by dead juniper tree with Bill Burk inside & buttes in background
Lava rock structure with Van Landrum inside
Lava rock structure with Bill Burk inside
Lava rock structure with Van Landrum inside (same place as #800, close-up)
Lava rock structure with Bill Burk inside (same place as #801, close-up & different angle)
Small lava rock wall (same place as #783, different angle)
Close-up of lava rock structure
Long lava rock wall on sagebrush flat with buttes & ridges in background
Lava rock structure with Bill Burk inside & Scott Warren (?) walking away (may be same place as #801, different angle)
Lava rock structure
Large lava rocks that look like archway/portal
Lava rock circle structure, butte in background
Younger man in uniform with lots of dark curly hair & beard. "Paiute Country: Col. George B. Currey (not like in Curry county). Command of troops in field against Paiutes in the 1861-1865 era." "Ore Vol Cav"
Very grainy blow-up of drawing of younger man in uniform, with dark hair & mustache
Log building in grassy area, chainlink fence in middle, ridge in background. "Restored Fort Klamath Guard House, 7/22/88"
4 wooden tombstones behind concrete barrier & chain; chainlink fence in middle & houses, ridges in background. Tombstones read "Capt. Jack, Schonchiss, Black Jim, Boston Charlie, Executed Oct 3, 1873". "Modoc Indian Graves. Fort Klamath Park, 7/22/88"
Memorial plaque commemorating 15 pioneers who crossed the Lost River at this point on 7/6/1846. Oct. 1986
2 men standing by van & small motorboat, beside lake. "Paiute Country: Van Landrum and Frank Ganong on the west shore of Pyramid Lake near Sutcliffe, Memorial Day, 1967"
Man standing by large rock(?) with rock ledge in background. "Paiute Country: A large formation of calcareous tufa, which appears as a broken pine cone. 1967"
Looking across lake toward tent cabins, forested ridge in background
View of open, grassy ground in foreground, field in middle, ridge in background
Wooden crosses in grassy area, marking Modoc graves at Fort Klamath. Boston Charley's cross appears to be broken & short. Wooden fence is in middle & ridges in background
3 of the 4 headstones at Fort Klamath (wooden markers, wood fence & army buildings visible)
Row of white houses with grassy lawns, under large trees. "Klamath Indians: Employees' residences at Klamath Indian Agency. Far building is the headquarters building"
Reverse color photo of signatures. "Signature page of Klamath Lake Treaty of October 14, 1864. Modoc Chiefs at upper left. Courtesy National Archives"
Grainy photo of younger man with dark hair in suit & bow tie. "William Cameron McKay, M.D. Delivered Mom's older brother, Fred, in Pendleton, 1887 (FSL). Interpreter at Great Treaty of Klamath Lake 1864." See also photo #177
Middle-aged man with beard & thinning hair, in uniform with 2 shoulder stars. "U.S. Signal Corps photo No. 111-B-2722 (Brady collection) in the National Archives"
Younger man with light hair & mustache, in uniform with braided buttons & cravat tie (cadet?)
Younger man with light hair & receding hairline, in dress uniform with lots of braiding
Detail map of Rhett & Lower Klamath Lakes, Shasta Butte, Pitt River, Lassen Butte & Trinity Mountains from Pacific Railroad Survey, commanded by1st Lt Robert S. Williamson
Young man with light hair, in cadet's uniform. "1st Lt., 4th Artillery, Battery K; vice Evan Thomas. U.S. Military Archives. 17 Jun 67." "1 Lt A, 4 Art"
Young man with very long sideburns, mustache, dark hair; in military uniform with shoulder insignia
Young man in cadet's uniform. "Captain Engineers -- made maps. USMA Class of 1864. U.S. Military Academy Archives, 13 Jun '64"
Older man with graying hair & mustache, in very plain military uniform & cap. Collar of uniform shows "U.S.V." National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #111-SC-90506. "Capt E, 4 Art"
Young man in dress cadet's uniform, holding feathered helmet. "2nd Lt., Troop F, 1st Cavalry (Capt. Perry's). Class of 1872 -- U.S. Military Academy Archives, 14 Jun 72"
Middle-aged man with graying goatee, in pillbox hat, suit & bow tie. "Doctor Henry J. McElderry, Asst. Surgeon. Head of medical department at Fort Klamath during the trial and execution of the Modoc Indian prisoners [Landrum]." National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #111-SC-83650. "Capt. AS"
Younger man with dark hair, mustache & goatee, wearing military uniform with shoulder insignia, military cross on chest. Back of photos says: "Lt. colonel, Brevet Major General -- 21st Infantry Regiment." -- "Civil War photo; C.O. @ 17 Jan Lava Beds battle (1st)." -- "Wheaton was the C.O. of Camp Warner &District of Lakes when McCarthy passed through. Commander of the Modoc Expedition through the First Stronghold battle"
3 Modoc men with short hair, in work clothes. Two group photos by L. Heller have this title; this group includes Curly Headed Doctor, Weium, and unknown, possibly Slolux; "no (not Slolux); Peter Schonchin. Louis Heller photo. From the original at Siskiyou County Museum"
Lithograph of mourners filing past open coffin. From Freida White Terry
Native American man with short hair, wearing handkerchief around neck. Heller photo; from Palmquist. "Bogus Charley, Modoc warrior. The reason he was called Bogus is, he was always telling jokes on the people. He died on the train while en route to see his sister, at Walla Walla, Wash., 1881 [Riddle]"
Older man with white hair, scowling face, dressed in suit, vest & tie
Older man with white hair & mustache, seated in ornate chair, dressed in suit, vest & tie. "Ivan Decatur Applegate as an old man. Built 2nd house south of Dr. Stearns on Pac. Terr"
Young man with short hair in uniform
Young man with dark hair in cadet's uniform. "4th Artillery. I think 2nd Lt. to Evan Thomas, Batt A; Erwin thinks Batt. E, Capt. Marcus Miller. U.S. Military Academy Archives, 15 Jun 70"
Young soldier with light hair in cadet's uniform. "1 Lt, M, 4 Art"
Modoc man with slightly deformed eyes & short hair, in workman's shirt & bone necklace. Photo by Louis Heller at Peninsula camp, June 1873. "Steamboat Frank, a Modoc warrior. Indian name Slat-us-locks, meaning sitting down clumsily. Died in Oakland, Maine, 1885, while studying for the ministry under the auspices of the Society of Friends [Riddle]"
2 Modoc men with short hair, standing chained together, dressed in working clothes & caps. L. Heller photo
3 seated Modoc women & young girl. "Captain Jack's family: Young wife, Lizzie; sister, called both Queen Mary and Princess Mary; old wife, Rebecca; front: Rosie, daughter of Capt. Jack and Rebecca. Rose Jack's small headstone in the Modoc cemetery in Modoc Prairie, Oklahoma, is the oldest marked grave and is dated 1874, the year following exile. Considerable evidence exists that Lizzie is buried at Paiute Cemetery"
9 men, 8 women, 4 children in group photo; most are Modoc Indians. Label on photo identifies: Hooker Jim, Shaknasty Jim, Scarface Charley, Little Ike or Dave, Old Wife Capt. Jack, Young wife Lizzie, Ole, James Charlie, Ellen Scarface
3 Modoc men seated, chained together, dressed in workman's clothes & blanket. Two group photos by L. Heller have this title; this group includes Curly Haired Jack, Black Jim, and possibly Buckskin Doctor "or Barncho, or Slolux". "Curley Haired Jack, who killed himself while a prisoner, on the left. Weium, William Faithfull, Modoc warrior, in the middle. Buckskin Doctor, Cho-ocks, Modoc warrior, on the right. Notice the shackles on their legs [Riddle]." From the original at Siskiyou County Museum. L.Heller photo #82310. See also photos #24, 1090 & 1094. #130
Modoc man with blue eye & brown eye, short hair, workman's shirt. Husband of One-Eyed Dixie. L. Heller photo
3 Modoc women sitting, in dresses & blanket shawls. Queen Mary; Artinie; One-Eyed Dixie. L. Heller photo from Palmquist
2 white men & 5 Modoc women in front of tents & bluff. Back row: left: Capt. O.C. Applegate -- ctr: Toby Riddle (Wi-ne-mah) -- rt rear: Frank Riddle; middle row: Lac-el-es, Long Jim's wife; Martha Mainstake, rt: Front: L. Me-hu-no-lush (blind); ctr. Front: Sau-kaa-dush. Gillem's Camp 1873 -- Photographer E. Muybridge. National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #88781
Many people line the street, watching a horse-drawn hearse & procession. Label says "Oregon--the funeral of the late General Canby--the cortege. After leaving the armory, on its way to Portland cemetery--from a photo by Bechtel (sp) & Stoate (sp) of Portland, Oregon." From Frieda White Terry
3 Native American men seated, 2 in traditional garb & 1 in plaid shirt & tie. "Warm Springs Scouts. Left--Toplash; ctr--Donald McKay; rt--Winnishett. Henry Applegate, Charles Putnam & old soldier James Shay of Trimble's Troop H, 1st Cavalry, are Capt. Jack's capturers"
5 Native American men around large boulder, in front of army tents (Gillem's Camp?). National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #82283
Older man with grey/white hair & full beard, dressed in suit, vest, tie. "Doctor Thomas T. Cabaniss, contract surgeon. Ministered to the needs of the Modoc Indian prisoners during the trial and execution period. #175
3 Modoc men dressed in costume, posing with Riddles. "Modoc Indians and others with the Alfred B. Meacham lyceum tour, 1875. Seated, Jeff Riddle. L to R: Shacknasty Jim, Steamboat Frank, T.F. Riddle, Toby (Wi-ne-ma) Riddle, ScarFaced Charley. Displayed Indian apparel is non-typical and decorative"
Modoc man with short hair, white shirt. Shacknasty Jim, Modoc Indian. Photo taken at Boyle's Peninsula Camp, o/a June 5, 1873. Courtesy Lava Beds National Monument. Louis Heller photograph"
Middle-aged man with short graying hair & mustache, in uniform with braid on shoulders. "As Com. Of Cadets, USMA--1884. U.S. Military Academy Archives, 6 May 61." "Capt B, 4 Art" "Commanded escort taking Modoc Indian exiles to Fort D.A. Russell [Landrum]"
Grainy photo of older man with gray/white hair & mustache, in military uniform
2 Modoc men with short hair, seated; Jack is in striped shirt, Schonchin in army overcoat. "Captain Jack and Schonchin John, Louis Heller photo taken at Peninsula Camp after the capture. From the original in the Siskiyou County Museum." -- "Original negative reversed: note Jack's hair and Schonchin buttons. cf: Capt Jack I; from Palmquist"
Middle-aged man with full beard, light hair, in uniform with shoulder insignia. From Library of Congress collections. LC-88172(?); 2 021; 3 658
Older man with short hair & graying beard, in suit & tie
Young man with dark hair in cadet's uniform, with black armband. "2nd Lt. 1st Cavalry Reg. adjutant 1 Feb 1872 to 31 Aug 1874. Aide to Gillem @ Lava Beds. U.S. Military Academy Archives, 15 Jun 1870." "First Lieutenant James Rockwell. Jr., First Cavalry Regiment." "Capt 1 Cav ADC Gil"
Older man with white hair & beard, dressed in suit. "Captain, Brevet Major -- CO, Troop H, 1st Cavalry Regiment. He was McCarthy's commanding officer. Gillem kept him as perennial camp guard. He accepted surrender of Capt. Jack on 1 June 73 (from Brady)"
Middle-aged man with Stetson hat, graying beard, in uniform with shoulder insignia. Photo caption says: "Jeff C. Davis commanded the 14th Corps." "Colonel, Brevet Major General, 23rd Infantry Regiment"
Looks like an original photo of middle-aged man with full beard, seated, hand in uniform coat with shoulder insignia. Photograph has been removed from backing & is badly torn & almost ½ missing. "In charge of troops at the end of Modoc War. One of the officers at Fort Sumpter April 12 1861"
Older man with white hair & beard, in uniform with shoulder insignia. "Major General William Selby Harney. Was in command in the Puget Sound area at the time of the 'Pig War'. Left his name on Harney County and Camp Harney." "Brigadier General, USAS"
Soldiers near cave and rock wall on top of ridge. "Captain Jack's cave. Stone wall is 'Modoc built'. One figure is 1st Lt. John M. Ross, 21st Inf. Stereo photo by Eadweard Muybridge." "Capt. Jack's stronghold in the Lava Beds. Notice the Modoc rock fortifications [Riddle]"
Middle-aged man with graying hair & beard, in plain uniform with ribbon medal on coat. 1 photo was removed from backing and is torn & has hole missing from it; "Signal Corps U.S. Army" is embossed on this photo
Sgt. Charley Hawkins (now deceased) in period uniform. Near: 12th mtn. howitzer (SF Presidio); far: 24# Coehorn mortar (Lava Beds Nat'l Monument)
Young man in cadet's uniform. "Battery K, Fourth Artillery Regt. On May 12, 1873, died of wounds received in the ambush of Captain Evan Thomas. Courtesy The Library, U.S. Military Academy"
Middle-aged man in plaid shirt, coat & hat, seated with rifle across body. "Carries Sharps, single shot rifle." National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #82284
Older man with gray/white hair in uniform with shoulder insignia. "Brig. Gen. USA"
Young man with light eyes in cadet's uniform, with hand on chest. "2nd Lt., 1st Cavalry Troop K; USMA Class of 1869. U.S. Military Academy Archives, 15 June 69
Middle-aged man with light hair & mustache, in uniform with lots of gold braid. "Captain George Hall Burton, Twenty First Infantry Regiment." "From Brady; Capt. Company C, 21st Infantry all during Modoc War"
Middle-aged man in uniform with lots of gold braid, with dark hair, slight graying in mustache & goatee. 1st Cavalry Regiment; Medal of Honor
Young man with light, curly hair, in cadet's uniform & cap. "2nd Lt. 21st Infantry Company A (Silvers); CO was 1st Lt. John M. Ross. Later (10 May 73) killed @ Fort Klamath. Class of 1872. U.S. Military Academy Archives, 14 Jun 72." "2 Lt. B 21 Inf"
Young man in cadet's uniform, leaning on blanket. "2nd Lt. Troop G, 1st Cavalry Regiment (Capt. Bernard's). U.S. Military Academy Archives, 15 Jun 1870"
Young man in cadet's uniform. "Capt., Battery B (mounted), 4th Artillery. U.S. Military Academy Archives, May 61"
Middle-aged man with full beard, in uniform with shoulder insignia
River & dam in foreground; barn, corrals & 2 children in middle ground; houses, power poles & bluff in background. "Natural Bridge on Lost River, CA, early 1900s"
"Commander of the Army of the Frontier and of the Department and Army of the Ohio"
Portly middle-aged man with thinning hair & full beard, posing in uniform with lots of braid & holding decorated military helmet. "Commander at Battle on Lost River, Nov. 29, 1972 (sic-1872)." Photo has been torn from backing and is in poor condition; right side is torn & missing. "Capt. James Jackson, Troop B., 1st Cavalry. Fought in all Modoc war battles except one. Fisher Collection [Landrum]"
Middle-aged man with full beard, in uniform with shoulder insignia
River & dam in foreground; barn, corrals & 2 children in middle ground; houses, power poles & bluff in background. "Natural Bridge on Lost River, CA, early 1900s"
"Commander of the Army of the Frontier and of the Department and Army of the Ohio"
Portly middle-aged man with thinning hair & full beard, posing in uniform with lots of braid & holding decorated military helmet. "Commander at Battle on Lost River, Nov. 29, 1972 (sic-1872)." Photo has been torn from backing and is in poor condition; right side is torn & missing. "Capt. James Jackson, Troop B., 1st Cavalry. Fought in all Modoc war battles except one. Fisher Collection [Landrum]"
1 page of hand-written document regarding controversy about Kilgore & General Wright (color reversed)
Middle-aged man sitting in studio pose, wearing uniform with shoulder insignia. "Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper." Lithograph from Frieda White Terry
Man with messy light hair & mustache, in uniform with shoulder insignia. "Albion P. Howe, Leader of the Light Division at the Storming of Marye's Heights, May 3, 1863"
Older couple with white hair, standing together & dressed in Sunday clothes. "Peter McCarthy Schonchin and wife. Modoc Indians returned from exile in Oklahoma"
Older man with white hair & heavy white beard, in uniform with lots of gold braid. "Shown as field grade; was Capt., Troop G, 1st Cavalry during Modoc War"
Close-up of McKay in plaid shirt. National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #83701. Muybridge photo #1622
Many stacked lava rock formations on brushy slope. "Photocopy of the 'Burk Photo'"
Middle-aged man with dark hair & beard, in uniform with lots of gold braid, holding decorated military helmet & sword. "Washington Lafayette Elliott, 1st Cavalry. Not in war. Came from Benicia to serve as president of Military Commission"
Older man with white hair & beard, in suit & tie
Middle-aged man with short hair, clean-shaven, in uniform with shoulder insignia. "Lithograph in circulation was taken from this portrait
Young man in cadet's uniform, overcoat & cap. "Captain, Co. C, 21st Infantry. USMA Class of 1865. U.S. Military Academy Archives, June 65"
Young man in cadet's uniform. "Battery G, 4th Artillery (Mendenhall's). U. S. Military Academy Archives, 23 Jun 65"
Middle-aged man with beard, in uniform with lots of gold braid. "First Lieutenant William Henry Boyle, Twenty First Infantry Regiment." "From Brady; was AAQM for Wheaton, Gillem & Davis. Capt. Barton's CoC, 21st Inf." "1 Lt C 21 Inf"
Native American man with white hair, detail from group photo. "Henry Blowe; Klamath father and Modoc mother; treaty signer; slave trader; stole Modoc rails in spring 1869"
Klamath father and Modoc mother; treaty signer; lived at spring and creek east of Beatty. Became Dick Brown
Chocktoot, Yahooskin Snake Indian; son of treaty signer
"About 50-100 feet to right is capture site. Photo: Dr. Garrett Smathers, Chief Scientist, US Natl Parks. 1964 foto"
New Camp Warner, 1962 -- Standard log corner joint. Van Landrum with stringer
1962 photo by Van Landrum
Middle-aged woman with long, flowing dark hair, dressed in wool blanket (?), with beaded necklace & earrings. See also photos #28, #29 & #185. "This photo was taken in Washington, D.C., 1875 [Riddle]"
Illustration from Pacific Railroad Surveys
Illustration from Pacific Railroad Surveys
Photo of plaque under flagpole reading in part, "Mexico's northern boundary was where you are not standing. This is the 1823 flag of the Republic of Mexico"
Modoc man with short, dark hair. This oval photo is a detail reproduction from photos #24 & 967
Modoc man with short, dark hair. This oval photo is a detail reproduction from photos #24 & 967
Older man with hand on breast, in coat & hat. Poor quality reproduction
Older man with gray sideburns, clean-shaven, in military uniform with gold-braid shoulder epaulets; standing in studio pose with sword & sash. "Photo courtesy Oregon Historical Society. Cf. Camp Alvord, Alvord Lake and Alvord Desert"
Middle-aged man with light hair, clean-shaven, in suit & tall collar; photo is grainy. "Sergeant, Troop K -- 1st Cavalry Regiment"
Row of houses set against timbered hillside. "Photo: Camp Warner (for McCarthy article). To be enlarged for issue"
Older man with gray hair & beard, in suit & tie -- pen & ink portrait with vines as border
Younger man with dark hair & full beard, in gray uniform. First Lieut., Battery L, 3rd Artillery Regiment. Photo: Oregon Historical Society
Sign in rock mound reads "Modoc Indian War -- Site of Thomas Massacre -- 29 soldiers killed and 18 wounded April 26, 1873"
Young man with light hair in military cadet's uniform. "First Lieut. Troop B, First Cavalry Regiment"
Younger man with light eyes, hair & beard, in suit & bow tie
Large wall of stacked rocks, on brushy, steep slope. "Ka'alklish spuklish. Largest Klamath sweat bath: on Naylox Ridge, el. 100'± above old lake. North of Naylox station, south of Algoma Lbr. Co. Incline"
2 men (Van Landrum is one) kneeling on grass inside fence. Grove of large trees in background. Possiblely Fort Klamath flagpole site
Man in suit standing beside 4 wooden crosses on grass flat; closest cross says "Captain Jack"; trees & cattle in background. "Charles S. Hood, Modoc Indian returned from exile in Oklahoma. At Modoc graves at Fort Klamath 1912"
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist.
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
From Peter Palmquist
14 pieces: Daily Morning Call- regarding Modocs
T.S. No. 207 -- American Original Guadelupe - Hidalgo
Microfilm records of the General Land Office beginning in 1969
Correspondences
Sgt. Charley Hawkins, unidentified woman & Native American man. #45
Unidentified woman & Native American (same people as #583). #47
Unidentified soldier, woman & Native American (same people as #583). #46
2 unidentified women. (1 woman is also in photo #583). #50
Rev. David Turnmire, Van Landrum & unidentified crowd of listeners. #62
Unidentified crowd being served a meal. #49
Busses & vans parked on road. #51
Unidentified people congregating at busses. #52
Sgt. Charles Hawkins leaning on howitzer. #56
Unidentified young person examining howitzer with Coehorn mortar in foreground. #55
Unidentified young person examining howitzer with people in background. Same person as in #592. #54
Sgt. Charles Hawkins, SF leaning on howitzer. White hair -- Dan Halferty (sp?); back turned -- Bill Wales. #57
Sgt. Charles Hawkins standing in front of rock barrier. #58
Unidentified group of people at flag ceremony. White sweater -- Rev. (Father) John Molomby (sp?). #59
F.S. Landrum speaking to crowd of people. Back left w/green ribbon -- Keith Murray; Doris Omundson -- LBNM Supt; Lenin(?) hat -- Len Freisen; in front of Len -- Helen Freisen; over FSL rt. Shoulder, full face -- Ann Odgers (all spelling is tentative). #61
Van Landrum speaking to crowd of people (same occasion as #597). #60
Far view of tents & kitchen. Person walking in foreground, bluff in background. #53
Van Landrum with unidentified woman (same woman as in photo #583). #48
Sgt. Charley Hawkins & howitzer inside rock barrier, tents & people outside. #44
Sgt. Charley Hawkins & howitzer inside rock barrier, tents & people outside (same as #601, different angle). #1
Sgt. Charley Hawkins & howitzer inside rock barrier, tents & people outside (same as #601, close-up). #2
Sgt. Charles Hawkins kneeling beside Coehorn mortar, inside rock circle with people standing outside. #6
Sgt. Charles Hawkins pulling lanyard for howitzer, people watching from outside rock circle. #8, #9
Sgt. Charles Hawkins with ramrod and howitzer, people standing around rock wall. #10
Sergeant Charley Hawkins with the San Francisco Presidio twelve pound mountain howitzer. "Photo taken at the 'howitzer circle' at Gillem's Camp [Shaw Journal #3:1]"
Soldier Charles Hawkins with howitzer or Coehorn mortar; tents & people are behind lava rock wall/enclosure. Several different poses. #1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 44
Photos of 2 Native Americans (man & woman) posing with Van Landrum, Sgt. Hawkins, and others in background (4 poses). #45, 46, 47, 48
Photos of participants hiking the trail around the Stronghold, looking at lake & the Peninsula, & view of Mt. Shasta
Group of men & boys surrounding 2 Coehorn mortars in lava beds. Van Landrum is in back row
Sgt. Charlie Hawkins leaning on howitzer inside Howitzer Circle; tents in background. #3
Sgt. Charlie Hawkins & howitzer inside Howitzer Circle; people eating in middle ground, Gillem's Bluff in background. #10
Sgt. Charlie Hawkins kneeling beside Coehorn mortar inside Howitzer Circle, people eating in background; two poses are almost identical
Sgt. Charlie Hawkins inside Howitzer Circle, pulling howitzer lanyard; people eating in middle ground, Gillem's Bluff in background. #9
Sgt. Charlie Hawkins inside Howitzer Circle, pulling howitzer lanyard; people eating in middle ground, Gillem's Bluff in background. #9
Appendix No. 6 on the longitude between America and Europe from signals through the Atlantic Cable
Correspondence between Landrum and P.M. Janiczek American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for the year 1868
Interstate Compact Defining the Boundary Between the States of Arizona and California
Diagram of CA state line, transcribed legend from figure
Correspondence between James Thompson and multiple others regarding the 120th meridian at the south shore of Lake Tahoe
Correspondence between George Deukmejian and multiple others regarding the 120th meridian at the south shore of Lake Tahoe
Supreme Court report of special master of 120th meridian, Boundaries of the United States and the Sever States by Franklin K. Van Zandt, correspondence between George Deukmejian and multiple others regarding the 120th meridian at the south shore of Lake Tahoe, correspondence with Landrum
Copy of field notes and maps of Willamette Meridian, OR
Discussion of and report of search for cadastral monuments in vicinity of the Houghton-Ives northern terminal monument
Copies of: Monuments, From The Descriptive Notes of the survey on the Southern Line, Eastern Bound Survey notes, annual reports Surveyor-General of California 1864-1865
State of CA v. Nevada motion for leave to file complaint and complaint Oct. 1976, counterclaims from the Supreme Court
Landrum explanation of lunar culminations for Daniel Major, map
Article copied from the Fall 1985 Sierra Heritage. Article discusses family history and includes a few photos
Geodetic Letter issued by the Division of Geodesy V.3 No. 1 March 1936, survey of the Boundary between Arizona and CA by Lansing G. Simmons
Correspondence between Landrum and James Thompson regarding computation of equation which is also in file
Landrum correspondences with the Office of the Attorney General
Includes the Westerners Vol. XVIII No. 3 New York Posse Brand Book miscellaneous Landrum correspondence and notes
Field notes of the survey of the boundary line between CA and Nevada Territory
Correspondence regarding boundaries between CA and Nevada
Boundary contracts and correspondences
Correspondence from George Davidson
Copy of observations recorded by Professor George Davidson determining longitude in Nevada. Computation notes
Oct. 1979 Supreme Court CA vs. Nevada. Nevada's exceptions to report of special master and brief
Nevada's response to CA's reply brief from the Supreme court
Report on the investigation of line of sight visibility w/map and written intervals
Map and T48N R17N
Map of the boundary line for Nevada Territory and CA
Diary of Bryant N. Sturgess
Fremont correspondences
John C. Fremont, Mariposa, and the Collision of Mexican and American Law by Lewis Grossman
CA OR border dispute
Bancroft Library request for photocopies
CA Nevada border correspondence
1st Lt, 3rd Artillery Regiment, C.O. @ Camp Cay, 1860. Middle-aged man with dark hair & beard in uniform (original photo was torn). Credit: Eastman House. Oregon Historical Society Neg. No. 11027
1st Lt, 3rd Artillery Regiment; 2nd in command at Camp Day, 1860. Middle-aged man with dark hair & beard in uniform. Credit: Eastman House
Group of 20-30 soldiers standing in formation in front of 10 small tents erected under large pine trees. All photos are the same, but labels are somewhat different: A. "Camp Day, looking north. Photograph by Edward Perry Vollum. George Eastman House Neg. 6653." B. & C. "Camp Day, Oregon. Company "L", 3rd Artillery. Taken by Lorenzo Lorain, U.S.A. Army, about 1857-8. Donated to the Oregon Historical Society in 1946 by S.H. Lorain, Albany, OR. Oregon Historical Society Neg. No. 1688." D. "Mules in the Land of Lakes: Camp Day on the left bank of Spencer Creek, July 17, 1860 to Oct. 3, 1860. Located by 1st Lt. Alexander Piper, 3rd Artillery Rgmt. Foto courtesy Oregon Historical Society." "Formation of the 3rd Artillery Regiment's battery at Camp Day; Lt. Alexander Piper, Comg"
Same photo as #249, but different angle (probably taken same day, despite date discrepancies). A. Camp Day, Company "L", 3rd Artillery, 1859. Photo=Lorenzo Lorain, U.S.A. Army. Oregon Historical Society Neg. No.1687. B. Camp Day, looking south. Photograph by Edward Perry Vollum. George Eastman House Neg. 6652
This photo is a close-up of soldiers & tents in photo #249 & #250, despite date discrepancy. Lorenzo Lorain photographer. Courtesy Oregon Historical Society. "View of soldiers' tents at Camp Day, summer 1860." "Lt. Lorenzo Lorain 2nd in cmd; came from Ft. Umpqua, summer 1860"
Middle-aged man with light hair & beard in uniform. "Lieutenant General John B. Hood, Confederate States Army (originally escort for Williamson)"
Paiute Country: Major General Henry L. Abbott, who came through Klamath in 1855 as second in command to Robert S. Williamson of the Pacific Railroad Survey from Sacramento to the Columbia River. See # 254-8
Detail map of Upper Klamath Lake from map of southern Oregon from Pacific Railroad Survey, commanded by Robert S. Williamson. See # 253, 255-258
Detail map of Klamath Marsh from Pacific Railroad Survey reports, commanded by 1st Lt Robert S. Williamson. See # 253-254, 256-258
Detail map of Three Sisters, Black Butte, and Mt. Jefferson from Pacific Railroad Survey reports, commanded by 1st Lt Robert S. Williamson. See # 253-255, 257-258
Detail map of Mount Hood and Deschutes River from Pacific Railroad Survey reports, commanded by 1st Lt Robert S. Williamson. See # 253-256, 258
Detail map of Lake Albert, Summer Lake, and 1843-1849 trails of Fremont and Warner from Pacific Railroad Survey, commanded by1st Lt Robert S. Williamson. See # 253-257
Map of NECOR, Allexey Waldemar Von Schmidt. 1865-1892. Larry Fee. Back of photo has mileages to/from Ft. Bidwell
Yainax Indian Boarding School dormitory, students & teachers lined up in front of building. Photo taken after Modoc War, around 1895. From Buddy Crim album
Original postcard of Native American man dressed in buckskin suit, feathered headdress & drawing decorated bow & arrow. Seneca, Mo. 1875
Original postcard of a group of 7 Indians with feathered headdresses, mounted on horses in a field surrounded by tents & autos, apparently preparing for parade. Lead Indians: Charlie Cowen and Finley Wilson (Klamath). Others unknown. Lakeview, Oregon. 1923
Original postcard of bronc rider being thrown, other cowboys watching. Ausie Brown (Modoc Indian) on 'Freckles'
Original photo of 4 cowboys mounted on horses. Walter "Jug" Hood (Modoc), Russell White (Klamath), Avin Murdock (California), and Roland Hicks (Klamath)
Original photo of a family of 4 "after dinner in front of our house" near Sprague River, 1918 Klamath (tribe?). Photo has been folded
Original postcard of bronc rider on bucking horse; Elks Rodeo, Klamath Falls, 1912
Original postcard of bull rider on bucking bull; Elks Rodeo, Klamath Falls (near KLAD), 1912. Postcard has been trimmed to smaller size
View across field to houses, barn & forested ridge. House and barn are original. Barn was the school. Several graves lie close to, and this side of barn. Jackson Cemetery on hill behind. Landrum photo 1967
View across brushy area to fenced fields, buttes in background. "Site of 1865 "Sprague River" Walpapi Treaty. Right center horizon is Gearhart Mtn. Also gambling and slave trading site (see S.A. Clarke). Landrum photo 1967." "Council Butte as seen from Yainax Sub-Agency"
Fields, farms, roads & waterways; mountains in middle & background. Lost River; Highway 140; OC + E Rwy; canal. Landrum aerial photo ±1974
Fields, farms, roads & waterways. Landrum aerial photo ±1974
Fields, farms, roads & waterways. Detail of photo #321. Landrum aerial photo ±1974
Fields, farms, roads & railway. G.N. Rwy; Hill Road. Landrum aerial photo ±1974
Fields, farms, roads & waterways; mountains in middle & background. Highway 140, OC + E Rwy, canal. Landrum aerial photo ±1974
Fields, farms, roads & waterways; mountains in middle & background. Nus Lake at right. Landrum aerial photo ±1974
Many structures, some without walls, built below a rounded, grassy butte. "Camp Warner at north toe of Crook Peak." "Loose single is New Camp Warner"
Painting of many structures, built below a rounded, grassy butte. "Camp Warner, as painted in Water Colors by Sergeant Emile Larmy, and presented to Jocelyn"
Stack of old boards in right foreground, brushy slope in middle, rounded, grassy butte in background
Row of cabins in front of forested hillside
Men & women standing in front of pole house. "Officers and ladies at Old "New" Camp Warner." "Paiute Country: The residence of Lt. Col. and Mrs. Frank Wheaton, commander of the District of the Lakes. Building is one of the quarters at New Camp Warner"
Hand-drawn map shows Camp Warner, Lakeview, Camp Bidwell, Wilkinson's Spring, Buffalo Spring, Lake Almanor, Reno etc
Man standing on porch of pole house. "A different view of Camp Warner, Oregon"
Three men with saddle horse near fence, watching water flow. Probably early 1900s
Plowing a field with oxen, horse teams in background
Looking down on wetlands with mountains in background
Three men near fence, digging water channel. Photo appears to be the same as photo #438 but different pose
Looking down on rail fence, canal, and meadow. Sagebrush & juniper trees in foreground, mountains in background
Unidentified man & lake in background, water running over rocks in foreground. Photo is labeled "#230 -- Tule Lake Outlet, show"
Two unidentified men standing on rock pile in shallow lake, ridge in background. Photo is labeled "45 -- Tule Lake Outlet, Pit No. 1, after water was turned in. November 15th. 1908"
View of Lake Euwana. Older photo with sagebrush in foreground, tall ridge in background, possibly a few buildings visible in background
Old barn & corrals with 2 people near earthen dam. Houses in right background
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate I (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate II (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate III (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate IV (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate V (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate VI (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate VII (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate VIII (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate IX (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate X (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate XI (etching)
Pacific Railroad Reports Plate XII (etching)
Came through Klamath County with Williamson and the Pacific Railroad Surveys. Lithograph
Spillway with water in foreground, junipers & power poles on slope in left middle, ridges & mountain in background
Photo ad for guest lodge in Beswick, Siskiyou Co, California
5 men posed atop stagecoach pulled by 4 horses
Far view of man driving 2 cattle across bridge, with town buildings on far side of river & timbered ridges in background. Location map is drawn on back of photo. "Large white building is David Ferrees' store. "Whittles Ferry" was replaced by bridge"
Horsedrawn stagecoach & wagon crossing bridge atop dam with wooden spillway. Topsy Road?
Bridge across river with large wood supports; 2 triple wagons pulled by 6 horses on bridge
Cattle being driven by cowboys on horses; dirt road is lined with wooden buildings; Main Street, Klamath Falls, OR
Rocky old road or trail through juniper trees. "Remains near Twelve Mile Creek on 42nd parallel"
Rocky old road through juniper leading to old cabin (same road as #648). "Remains near Twelve Mile Creek on 42nd parallel"
Loaf-shaped mountain in background, open grass/brush/lava flats with juniper in foreground. "Mount Dome from near the site of the Thomas Ambush"
Large house/hotel on left, small building in middle, steamboat on right, bluff in background. Photo caption says: "House to the left, built for stopping place for stage passengers, freighters and travelers. Warehouse (some words are cut off)"
Close-up of Laird's Landing building (same building as #651, different people & angle) with many people in & horses
11 men standing & sitting: Milton R. Brady, William Clarkson, William Harris, Bert Yokum, John Maxwell, W.L. Moore, Ed Miller, F.A. Ranlett, H.M. Hendrickson, G.W. Parsons, G.W. Yokum
Steamboat Jessie tied up at landing, with 7 rowboats occupied by men & women in water
Steam locomotive on trestle crossing river
"Klamath" ferry tied up beside railroad cars
Passenger ferry tied up beside lumber on lake shore
Passenger ferry "Winema" docked (probably same spot as #655)
Winema paddlewheel boat with crew in what looks like a shallow marsh. It was stuck on a sand bar for a week
Winema paddlewheel boat docked next to lumber yard
2 old cabins, corral, shed, telephone poles by lava rock rim. Same place as photo #833, but different camera angle
"B }21st Inf Det A 4th Art
C }21st Inf TrB }1st Cav
I } 21st Inf TrG }1st Cav
Det F}21st Inf 72 WS
MCDIV 1 404"
Duplicate
Part of rock house in grass & brush field (top 1/3 fallen away)
Meandering lava rock wall with sagebrush grown up around it. "Ruins at Camp McGarry"
Part of rock house in grass & brush field (top 1/8 fallen away). "Jerry-built roof on Camp McGarry abandoned structure"
Detail from illustration from Pacific Railroad Reports
Part of text & illustration from Pacific Railroad Reports
Tombstone of Edward McGarry (1820-1867). "Paiute Country: Presidio headstone of Lieut Col Edward McGarry of 32nd Infantry, for whom Camp McGarry was named. Thomas Wright was also 32nd Infantry prior to Lava Beds campaign"
Headstone of 1st Lieut. J. F. Small of Oregon (1840-1869) in the San Francisco Presidio cemetery
River in foreground, lake in background. "(Right) Ankeny Canal intake; (Left) Keno canal intake and west side road. Klamath water falls (left foreground)"
2 Native Americans in dugout canoe (foreground) with "Winema" steamboat in background
2 photo postcards of steam engine logging in foreground, horse team in background. Eastman's Studio B-1107
Engineer & 2 men posed with railroad steam engine & flat cars
Sign at entrance of Collier Park Logging Museum
Frowning, middle-aged man with white beard in suit & tie. Columbus Delano, Secretary of the Interior -- National Archives, U.S. Signal Corps photo #111-B-4154 (Brady Collection)
Young man with sideburns in suit
Middle-aged man with white hair & beard in suit & tie
White men rounding up horses, packing mules, talking with guns
White men, horses & Native Americans with spears by lake with steep mountainous shores
Aerial view of "Intakes to East and West side canals at Link River dam. Upper Klamath Lake, Fremont Bridge and Shippington in the distance. 1924." "Boyle Photograph"
Old map of Oregon Territory. Map covers California to Canada borders
Survey equipment. "Reflecting circle--This one was Hassler's. The Smithsonian Institution #47782"
Survey equipment. "Sextant made by Spencer, Browning & Rust of London, shortly before 1844. USNM Negative No. 36,096"
Older man with graying beard, in heavy coat & hat. (Hard to read name, may be misspelled)
Photo of sign titled: "Oregon History -- Corral Springs". Designates spot where Pacific Railroad Survey camped in 1855 & Fremont passed in 1843. USDA--Forest Service sign
Group of approximately 14 Native Americans, standing/sitting under large trees. "Earliest photo in the Klamath country (1859). By Piper's party. Courtesy of Eastman House. Standing center is either LaLakes or Poos Kiu. His right, possibly 'Kumtuckny'; his right, possibly Old Chief Schonchin. Albumen print. Photo by Edward Perry Vollum. GEH negative #6654B"
Rough, unpainted cabin is falling apart, roof is unserviceable. Cabin & small shed are near power/phone lines & in front of lava bluff. "Log cabin at Land's Ranch. Guy Merrill said it was Cornell's in 1889 when he first saw it." Same place as photo #663, but different camera angle
Three elderly men with hats, in front of hay bales--photo taken about 1980
Photo of poster mélange of old railroad scenes. One sign pictured says "Southern Pacific, Alturas-Klamath"
Middle-aged Native American man with short dark hair & mustache, in suit & vest. Front & profile poses, showing moderate head flattening by cradle board
Older man with white mustache, hat & suspenders, mounted on horse in ranch yard. "Photo taken at Laird's Landing ranch by M. Ray Laird's mother"
Three hunters with dozens of geese draped over antique auto; from Betty Lou Byrne
Headstones of Custer battalion and monument on Calhoun Hill. Sep. 1986
Monument of Weir Point Fight. Sep. 1986
Photos of 2 signs: "East to 90 & 14"; and "Wyoming -- Camp Jenney" (Custer expedition). Sep. 1986
Cornell University; sign & several views of large brick building. Sept. 1986
Two government buildings, location unidentified. Sep. 1986
Various photos of survey monuments, lake & railroad tracks. Only 1 photo is labeled & 1 is dated. July 1987
Several views. Detached label says: "Above is the corner common to California, Nevada, and Arizona (near Needles). All monuments are reference monuments." July 1987
Several views. Detached label says: "Big pile of stone is 'Von Schmidt East Post, 1873'. Concrete block is USC&GS Latitude pier, 1894. 'Von Schmidt West Post, 1873'"
Detached label says: "Indian rock? Von Schmidt West Post, 1873". Two photos are dated 1979. V-16 No. 2 & 5
Close-up of corner monument reading "U.S. General Land Office Survey 1921, T 17 N, R 21 E S24." Detached label says: "1921 GLO closing corner on USC&GS oblique line (tie to San Bernardino meridian & base line)"
Four photos of monument & schematic map showing corner common to Nevada, California & Arizona
Van Landrum & friends sitting around a table. Back of photos identify Van Landrum, Jim Thompson, Paul Pace, Bryant Sturgiss, Brad Uzes, Charlie Massie & wife, Charlie Aiken
Backs of photos say: "Views from Mt. Bidwell; receiving GPS signals from 17 satellites; Isuzu Rodeo atop Mt. Bidwell; Bud Uzes, Jim Thompson, Dennis Geil"
Group photos of men who went to Mt. Bidwell in 12/86; Lew Follansbee paces between Major's and Von Schmidt's corners
River with paved roads on both sides & railroad bridge across river. #9
Men in front of buildings, crude baseball field in foreground & ridge in background. "CCC Recruits at Camp Tule Lake line up for inspection, 1937. US Bureau of Reclamation foto"
Barracks-type buildings in field behind fence, ridge in background. "Remaining buildings at Camp Tule Lake; 1984 photograph"
Salmon redds in creek
Signs & lookout building
Lava tubes & caves
Small white wooden church with steeple & sign; also, rail historic site marker
Metal plaque designating Roop's Fort. "Monument legend at Roop's Fort, Susanville, CA. Author's photograph no. 169"
Old wooden log cabin building in park. "Roop's Fort at Susanville, CA. Author's photograph no. 168"
Brushy flat & fence in foreground, lake in middle, ridge in background. "Hot Springs Peak In the Skedaddle Mountains with Honey Lake. Author's photograph no. 17945"
Paved road running through agricultural valley, ridges in background. "Long Valley, then in CA and NV. Author's photograph no. 17951"
Views of Klamath Lake, Highway 97 & island from high ridge with rock outcrop in foreground (4 views)
Buildings, sign open sagebrush flats (4 views). Sign says: "Baer Ranch, Soldier Meadows, Fort McGarry 1865." Photo emulsion is deteriorating
Ornate brick high school with bell tower, brick retaining wall in front, 2 men standing in front of school
Ornate stone school building with bell tower & turrets, American flag in front & church in background. "Central School 9th--10th @ Main. Razed 1929± for Oregon Bank Building--now Medical Dental Bldg"
Remaining ruins of stone building with arched windows & chimney. It may possibly be ruins of library in photo #1021
Many large buildings in a small valley, in campus layout. "Marine Barracks/Oregon Vocational School. 1946±". "Oregon Vocational School (former Marine Barracks) atop the Old Fort Klamath Road hill"
4 men & 2 boys standing or sitting in rocky, dry streambed. In background are several girls, logs, water & ridge. "Link River Dry. Caused by a high south wind blowing on Upper Klamath Lake, July 18, 1918." "Boyle Photograph"
Real photo postcard showing river, canal, buildings, ridges on each side of river & person seated in middle ground. "Link River, Klamath Falls, Ore." "1900"
River with houses along banks & ridges along each side. Similar to photo #1123, but closer view
Ditch cut on mid-slope, with river visible on left & ridge slope visible on right. Trail runs beside left side of ditch
Men working with hand tools in rocky embankment: wooden boxes & crane in foreground; wooden structure & river in middle; buildings, dock & brushy slope in background. "Excavation through the upper reef at outlet of Upper Klamath Lake. Cut 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep. Shippington in the background. October 7, 1921." "Boyle Photograph." Similar to photo #1128
Arched bridge with guardrail across river. Ridge embankment with houses on left, wooden pier with building & boys fishing on right. "No. 23. Link River Bridge, Klamath Falls, Ore"
Dredger moored on grassy shore with cattle, buildings & trees. River in foreground. Dredger shows large "W" on smokestack & "Western Pacific Dredging Corp." painted on cabin
Historic photo of Klamath Falls/Linkville from hill, looking southwest toward Lake Euwana. A church & sawmill are visible, but no large commercial buildings. "From Lawson Kandra"
Photo postcard of at least two 3-part covered freight wagons, each being pulled by 10 mules or horses, in front of the Baldwin Hotel. "Freight--Main Street"
2 open freight wagons with people, being pulled by 4 or 6 horses, in front of Baldwin's Hardware store. Possibl street car tracks are visible in the dirt street; power lines are visible
Arched bridge with guardrail across river. Looking toward Main Street with Baldwin's Hardware store & old Linkville Hotel visible in background
The "Klamath" steamboat moored on bank, near railroad cars. Men working on deck
Photo taken from hills, looking west toward downtown Klamath Falls. "After 1926. Pelican Hotel burned. Pre 1929. Central School standing." "One of 2 clearer views of the Klamath Falls photo; see RR, canal, W.Pelican, 3 sch"
Large structure of unpainted logs & boards, shingle roof & balcony. Structure appears to be several attached buildings. "1st hotel in Linkville -- ca: 1874. Don Fisher Collection"
Street car pulled by 4 horses with 4 men on rood & 5 men in front. Standing in front of 2-story wooden building with balcony. "Klamath Falls Land & Transportation Co"
1 print is reversed
Many people standing on wooden sidewalks; many freight wheels holding steel rails, pulled by 6-horse teams standing on dirt street with power poles. "Railsteel arrives for the Trolley. Turreted building is the old Linkville Inn. Nina Bubb was a waitress there. Harold Ashley Copy Photo." 1 print is reversed
Old wooden hand-shaped beams with lots of nails, some planks still attached. "Remaining bones of the 'Klamath'. Harold Ashley '40s foto @ Pelican Bay Lbr. Co, now Thomas Lumber Co"
Looking across grassy flat & Lake Euwana at lumber mill. Ridge in background. "Modoc Lumber Co. on Lake Euwana"
Ferry boat moored on shore; lake & people on rowboats in foreground, barns in middle ground, tall grassy ridge in background. Men on boat are pulling rope; American flags on staffs in front & rear of boat
Ferry boat moored on flat grassy area, with many people on board. 3 people are standing on the shore
Man standing on street car with railroad-type wheels, drawn by two horses on dirt street, standing in front of Geo. R. Hu?n, Hardware store. Sign on bus reads: "Klamath Falls Land & Transportation Co. Me for the scrap heap in sixty days. But -- I'll still take you from the depot to Buena Vista Addition on Upper Lake"
5 men with streetcar, sitting on rails near houses, pulled by two horses. Street is dirt, houses are on hillside. "On Front St., Klamath Falls. Maude Baldwin photo -- from Hal Ogle"
Parade on Main Street (?) Closest vehicle is street car with many men, being pulled by auto; streetcar sign reads: "Buena Vista Addition". Sign on nearest building reads: "Dodge Brothers Motor Card -- Graham Brothers Trucks -- Sales, Service"
5 old autos parked in front of wooden building with false front; many men in & around autos. Brick building on right. "Fully equipped machine -- repair shop & blacksmithing -- any thing for an automobile"
Stagecoach with 2 men riding & 4 horses pulling, parked in front of wooden building with false front, named Riverside Hotel. Several men & boys are standing on hotel porch
Mostly wooden buildings with false fronts, power poles, dirt street, wood sidewalks. Wagons, cowboys & drug store in view
7 horses pulling 3-part freight wagon with driver, standing in front of Baldwin's Hardware store. Street is dirt; rock wall on right may be for Baldwin Hotel; saloon is on left of store
7 horses pulling oil or water drum on wheels, with driver and rider, standing in front of Baldwin's Hardware store. First National Bank is in store. Drum reads "14000 Lbs." "Freighter, come in from Topsy Grade." 1 photo is torn
3 men in wool overcoat & hats, standing in the rain in front of Hotel Baldwin. 2 horses pulling buggy are standing beside them. Man on left resembles Theo. Roosevelt. From Klamath County Museum
Engine #2012 (or 72012) pulling cars on railroad track with steam rising from smokestack & wheels. Houses & power poles behind train. "Last steam locomotive (Modoc Field in background)"
2-story white wooden house in pine & deciduous trees. "Klamath Indians: Superintendent's residence at the Klamath Agency. Built in 1916. Now completely razed. 1960"
Log chute coming down mountain to river, with logs along chute & in river. Some logs are making a huge splash in river. 1 photo is torn & 1 photo is badly wrinkled
Ferry boat "Winema" approaching with lots of people on board. A round object is on left foreground, wooded ridgeline is in background
Ferry boat with lots of passengers moving between 2 visible shorelines. Left foreground has small wooden dock, background is open, wooded ridges
Ferry boat with lots of passengers on open water in front of Klamath Falls; Central school is visible. Canoe is being rowed near boat
Ferry boat with lots of passengers on open water in front of Klamath Falls; Central school is visible. Very similar to photo #1205, but boat is going in opposite direction
1 piece title: The Myth of the Fremont Howitzer
Occurs in Lakeview
Typed field notes for the Town of Merganser County of Lake and State of OR w/map
The Disposition of the Public Domain in OR -- use of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs pamphlet
Correspondence and American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications
Questions for Mr. Landrum, map of Likely, CA
Letter from OHS regaurding JWP Huntington photo
Fort Klamath Nov. 1-18th 1968 (journal)
Samuel Neal California Pioneer and a brief history of the Durham family. By Edna Reynolds Durham
Documents pertaining to Second expedition on Columbia River along with maps of lakes
Interviewed by Francis S. Landrum and Scott Warren. Scott Warren's sister married Alfred D. Collier's younger brother
Interviewed by Francis S. Landrum
Interviewed by Francis S. Landrum and James O'Donohue. Beryl Pleas track into Klamath Falls was via McCloud River Railroad, Bartle, Davis Road, Laird Landing, and thence via steanship (Klamath ?) to the docks on Lake Ewauna near the Link River bridge
Interviewed by William ganong and Francis S. Landrum. The interview occurred on Merrill's birthday at his daughter's (Betty Lee Merrill Ganong) residence on South Laguna Street in Klamath Falls, OR
Picketts interviewed by Scott Warren and Francis S. Landrum at the Picketts' home in Malin, OR; O'Shea interviewed by Scott Warren and Francis S. Landrum at O'Shea's home northwest of Tulelake, CA
Interviewed by C. William Burk, curator of the Klamath County Museum
Interviewed by Francis S. Landrum at his home on Conger Avenue in Klamath Falls, OR
Excerpt from interview with Charles Guy Merrill