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<ead> 
<!--The following section is header information that describes the finding aid-->
  <eadheader langencoding="iso639-2b" scriptencoding="iso15924" relatedencoding="dc" repositoryencoding="iso15511" countryencoding="iso3166-1" dateencoding="iso8601" id="a0"> 
  	<eadid countrycode="us" encodinganalog="identifier" mainagencycode="waps" identifier="80444/xv03080" url="https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv03080">NTE2cg683.xml</eadid> 
	 <filedesc> 
		<titlestmt> 
			<titleproper encodinganalog="title">Guide to the Civil Rights Oral History Interviews
			 <date encodinganalog="date" calendar="gregorian" era="ce" normal="2001">2001</date></titleproper>
		  
			<titleproper type="filing" altrender="nodisplay">Civil Rights Oral History Interviews</titleproper>
		  
			<author encodinganalog="creator">Finding aid prepared by Mark O'English</author>
		</titlestmt> 
		<publicationstmt> 
		  
			<publisher encodinganalog="publisher">Washington State University Libraries Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections
			</publisher>
		  
			<date calendar="gregorian" encodinganalog="date" normal="2025">© 2025</date> 
		 
		</publicationstmt> 
	 </filedesc> 
	 <profiledesc> 
		<creation>Finding aid encoded by Suzanne James-Bacon.
			<date normal="2025" era="ce" calendar="gregorian">2025</date></creation>
		
		<langusage>Finding aid written in English.
		  <language langcode="eng" encodinganalog="language" scriptcode="latn">English</language>.</langusage> <descrules>Finding aid based
		on DACS 2nd Edition ( 
		<title render="italic">Describing Archives: A Content
		  Standard</title>).</descrules> 
	 </profiledesc> 
  </eadheader> 
	
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  <archdesc level="collection" type="inventory" relatedencoding="marc21"> 
	 <did id="a1"> 
		<repository> 
			<corpname encodinganalog="852$a">Washington State University Libraries, Manuscripts, Archives and Special Collections</corpname>
		  
		   </repository> 
		<unitid encodinganalog="099" countrycode="us" repositorycode="waps" type="collection">Cage 683</unitid>
		
		<origination> 
			<persname encodinganalog="100" role="creator" rules="rda">Nappi, Rebecca</persname> </origination> 
	 	<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Civil Rights Oral History Interviews</unittitle>
		
		<unitdate type="inclusive" encodinganalog="245$f" era="ce" calendar="gregorian" datechar="" certainty="" normal="2001">2001</unitdate>
		
		<physdesc> <extent encodinganalog="300$a">0.25 Linear feet of shelf space</extent>
		  <extent encodinganalog="300$a">1 Box</extent>
		</physdesc>
			<abstract encodinganalog="5203_">The collection contains eight interviews, conducted for
				a series of newspaper articles, circa 2000-2001 of residents on civil rights in
				Spokane, Washington </abstract> 
		<langmaterial>Collection materials are in <language encodinganalog="546" langcode="eng">English</language></langmaterial>
	 </did>
  	
  	<bioghist encodinganalog="5451_" id="a2"><!--Enter ENCODINGANALOG value of 5450_ for biog. or 5451_ for historical note, or use <head> element-->		
			<p>In February of 2001, the Spokane, Washington newspaper, the Spokesman-Review produced
				a month long series of articles on black history titled "Through Spokane's Eyes
				Moments in Black History," focusing in particular on the civil rights movement of
				the 1960s. As part of that series, Rebecca Nappi conducted a series of interviews
				with individuals with ties to both the civil rights movement and to Spokane. Some of
				these interviews were made available at the time in audio format on the
				Spokesman-Review website, and excerpts from these interviews were used in writing
				newspaper articles.</p>		
	 </bioghist> 
	 <scopecontent encodinganalog="5202_" id="a3"> 
			<p>The collection contains eight interviews, conducted by Rebecca Nappi, circa
				2001, on 5 audio cassette tapes. The interviewees are: Emelda and Manuel Brown,
				Clarence Freeman, Sam Minnix, Verda Lofton, Flip Schulke, Jerrelene Williamson,
				Alvin Pitmon, and Nancy Nelson. Topics include civil rights activities and race
				relations in Spokane Washington, the influence of Dr. Martin Luther King, racism and
				protests in the deep south, and civil rights spirituals. At the end of the
				collection are two folders, one containing newspaper clippings from 1965 and 2001
				from the Spokesman-Review (Spokane, Washington), and one containing printed
				transcripts of all of the interviews.</p> 
	 </scopecontent> 
	 <arrangement encodinganalog="351" id="a4"> 
			<p>The tapes are arranged alphabetically by interviewee, except on tapes 2 and 5 where
				two or three interviewees were recorded on the same tapes.</p> 
	 </arrangement> 
	 <altformavail encodinganalog="530" id="a9"> 
	 	<p>The cassettes were digitized and the audio is available online in the 
	 		<extref href="https://content.libraries.wsu.edu/digital/collection/cvoralhist">Civil Rights Oral History Collection.</extref></p> 
	 </altformavail> 
	 <accessrestrict encodinganalog="506" id="a14"> 
	 	<p>This collection is open and available for research use.</p>
	 </accessrestrict> 
	 <userestrict encodinganalog="540" id="a15"> 
	 	<p>Copyright restrictions apply.</p>
	 </userestrict> 
	 <prefercite encodinganalog="524" id="a18"> 
	 	<p>[Item description] </p>
	 	<p>Civil Rights Oral History Interviews, 2001 (Cage 683) </p>
	 	<p>Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University Libraries, Pullman, WA.</p> 
	 </prefercite> 
	 <acqinfo encodinganalog="541" id="a19"> 
			<p>The interviews were donated to MASC by Rebecca Nappi in March, 2002.</p>
	 </acqinfo> 
 
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	 <controlaccess id="a12"> 
		<p>This collection is indexed under the following headings in the online
		  catalog. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons, or
		  places should search the catalog using these headings.</p> 
		<controlaccess> 
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Brown, Emelda</persname>
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Brown, Manuel</persname>
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Freeman, Clarence</persname>
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Minnix, Sam</persname>
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Lofton, Verda</persname>
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Schulke, Flip, 1930-2008</persname>
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Williams, Jerrelene</persname>
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Pitmon, Alvin</persname>
			<persname role="creator" encodinganalog="700" rules="rda">Nelson, Nancy</persname>
		</controlaccess> 
		<controlaccess> 
			<corpname role="creator" encodinganalog="710" rules="rda">Cowles Publishing Company</corpname>		  
		</controlaccess> 
		<controlaccess> 
			<geogname role="subject" encodinganalog="651" rules="lcsh">Spokane (Wash.) -- Race relations -- History</geogname>		  
		</controlaccess> 
		<controlaccess> 
			<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">African Americans -- Civil rights -- Washington (State) -- Spokane -- History</subject>		  
			<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">African Americans -- Washington (State) -- Spokane -- Social conditions</subject>
		</controlaccess> 
		<controlaccess> 
		  <subject source="archiveswest" altrender="nodisplay" encodinganalog="690">Civil Rights</subject> 
		  <subject source="archiveswest" altrender="nodisplay" encodinganalog="690">Spokane</subject>
			<subject source="archiveswest" altrender="nodisplay" encodinganalog="690">Washington (State)</subject>
		</controlaccess> 
	 </controlaccess> 
  	<!--A finding aid without a series or container list may end here.-->
  	
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		<dsc type="combined" id="a23">
			<!--At each <c0x> level, be certain that you have chosen the appropriate LEVEL attribute!-->
			<c01 level="series">
				<did>
					<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Series 1: Cassette Interviews</unittitle>
				</did>
				<c02 level="item">
					<did>
						<container type="tape">1</container>
						<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Emelda and Manuel Brown</unittitle>
						<physdesc>
							<extent encodinganalog="300$a">Length: 32:18</extent>
						</physdesc>
					</did>
					<scopecontent>
						<p>The Browns talk about their experiences with racial prejudice while
							raising a family in Spokane, Washington in the 1960s.</p>
					</scopecontent>
				</c02>
				<c02 level="item">
					<did>
						<container type="tape">2</container>
						<container type="side">1</container>
						<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Clarence Freeman</unittitle>
						<physdesc>
							<extent encodinganalog="300$a">Length: 7:50</extent>
						</physdesc>
					</did>
					<scopecontent>
						<p>Freeman discusses his reaction to the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther
							King and the reaction of the community of Spokane. He also talks briefly
							about a childhood experience with prejudice in Spokane.</p>
					</scopecontent>
				</c02>
				<c02 level="item">
					<did>
						<container type="tape">2</container>
						<container type="side">2</container>
						<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Sam Minnix</unittitle>
						<physdesc>
							<extent encodinganalog="300$a">Length: 13:50</extent>
						</physdesc>
					</did>
					<scopecontent>
						<p>Minnix describes the scene during a civil rights demonstration at the
							Spokane County Courthouse on Friday March 26, 1965.</p>
					</scopecontent>
				</c02>
				<c02 level="item">
					<did>
						<container type="tape">3</container>
						<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Verda Lofton</unittitle>
						<physdesc>
							<extent encodinganalog="300$a">Length: 9:44</extent>
						</physdesc>
					</did>
					<scopecontent>
						<p>Lofton relates her impression of the March 26, 1965 Spokane civil rights
							protest.</p>
					</scopecontent>
				</c02>
				<c02 level="item">
					<did>
						<container type="tape">4</container>
						<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Flip Schulke</unittitle>
						<physdesc>
							<extent encodinganalog="300$a">Length: 45:01</extent>
						</physdesc>
					</did>
					<scopecontent>
						<p>Schulke describes about his experiences photographing race related
							stories in the south. He mentions photographing the admission of the
							first black student, James Meredith, into the University of Mississippi
							and the results of the assassination of Martin Luther King on the
							protests and marches. He finishes by discussing the differences between
							the youth of the 60s and the youth of today, and the legacy of the
							protest movements.</p>
					</scopecontent>
				</c02>
				<c02 level="item">
					<did>
						<container type="tape">5</container>
						<container type="side">1</container>
						<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Jerrelene Williamson</unittitle>
						<physdesc>
							<extent encodinganalog="300$a">Length: 10:53</extent>
						</physdesc>
					</did>
					<scopecontent>
						<p>Williamson relates her sense of the civil rights movement in Spokane to
							events in Alabama.</p>
					</scopecontent>
				</c02>
				<c02 level="item">
					<did>
						<container type="tape">5</container>
						<container type="side">2</container>
						<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Alvin Pitmon</unittitle>
						<physdesc>
							<extent encodinganalog="300$a">Length: 7:45</extent>
						</physdesc>
					</did>
					<scopecontent>
						<p>Pitmon talks about his experiences with prejudice in Arkansas during the
							forced integration of schools in the 1960s. He discusses his feelings
							towards Dr. Martin Luther King and the effect Dr. King had on him.</p>
					</scopecontent>
				</c02>
				<c02 level="item">
					<did>
						<container type="tape">5</container>
						<container type="side">2</container>
						<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Nancy Nelson</unittitle>
						<physdesc>
							<extent encodinganalog="300$a">Length: 2:17</extent>
						</physdesc>
					</did>
					<scopecontent>
						<p>Nelson sings two civil rights spirituals: My Lord, What a Morning and Let
							Us Break Bread Together</p>
					</scopecontent>
				</c02>
			</c01>
			<c01 level="file">
				<did>
					<container type="folder">1</container>
					<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Newspaper Clippings.</unittitle>
					<unitdate encodinganalog="245$f">1965, 2001</unitdate>
				</did>
			</c01>
			<c01 level="file">
				<did>
					<container type="folder">2</container>
					<unittitle encodinganalog="245$a">Transcripts.</unittitle>
				</did>
			</c01>
		</dsc> 
  </archdesc> </ead>

