Oregon State University Libraries, Special Collections & Archives Research Center
University
Archives
121 The Valley
Library
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331-4501
Phone:
541-737-2165
Email:
archives@oregonstate.edu
Web:
http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/archives
RG
148
Oregon State University. Dept. of Music.
Music Department Records
1899-2008
1927-1997
8.2 cubic feet, including 1
DVD
13 boxes, including 3 oversize
boxes
1 microfilm reel
60 feet
The Music Department Records document
music instruction at Oregon State as well as performances by Oregon State
bands, choirs, and other musical groups as well as individual students,
faculty, and guest artists. The Records include sound recordings in a
variety of formats.
Materials in English.
Historical Note:
Music has been a part of the Oregon State University curriculum since
1871, when the first reference was made to it in the college catalog.
Vocal study began in 1887 and a Cadet Band was formed in 1891. A
Department of Music was first listed in the 1895-96 catalog. A
conservatory style School of Music was organized in 1908 as a
self-supporting department within the college, directed by William
Frederick Gaskins. Paul Petri directed the school from 1924 until he
retired in 1947. That year the program was also placed on the same
academic basis as other college departments and headed by Robert Walls,
who served until 1965. Other department chairs have included William A.
Campbell, 1966-1978; David Eiseman, 1978-1987; Tharald Borgir, 1987- 1993;
and Marlan Carlson, beginning in 1993.
The Music Department Records document music instruction at Oregon State
as well as performances by Oregon State bands, choirs, and other musical
groups and individual students, faculty, and guest artists. The records
provide information about courses and degree requirements; facilities and
equipment, especially instruments; scholarships; and faculty and staff.
The bulk of the collection pertains to Oregon State bands, choirs, and
other musical groups. These materials include programs, brochures, and
posters; newspaper clippings; scrapbooks; newsletters; and sound
recordings of performances, especially from the 1960s-1980s. The
collection includes several recordings of the Oregon State alma mater and
fight song. The sound recordings include 100 reel-to-reel audiotapes, 28
phonograph records, 13 CDs, and 4 cassette tapes. A video production on
the history of choral groups and choral instruction at Oregon State is
part of the collection. Several of the recordings are available
online.
Collection is open for research.
The records are arranged in 11 series: I. General Correspondence,
1938-1966; II. Scholarships, 1956-1989; III.
Historical Sketch of OSU Music Department,
1871-1967, circa 1967; IV. Departmental Memos, 1966-1975; VI.
Publications, 1908-2007; VII. Sound Recordings and Moving Images, circa
1947-2008; VIII. Scrapbooks, 1899-1961; IX. Programs and Special Events
Records, 1948-2007; X. OSU Bands, 1927-1999; and XI. OSU-Corvallis
Symphony, 1951-2006.
Copyright, reproduction, and use restrictions may apply to some of the
sound recordings.
Music Department Records (RG 148), Oregon State University Archives,
Corvallis, Oregon.
Materials in the collection were received in numerous transfers and
donations from 1968 through 2009.
Additions to the collection are expected.
The
Ted
Mesang Collection provides information about the OSU Bands under
Mesang's direction from 1949 to 1967; the
Robert B.
Walls Collection consists of sound recordings of performances by
Oregon State University choirs. The Archives' holdings include several
other collections documenting music activities at Oregon State, including
the Corvallis-OSU Music Association Records, Grace Gramms Scrapbook,
Homer
Maris Collection,
Catherine
Perry Collection, Lillian Jeffreys Petri Collection, and
Helen E.
Plinkiewisch Papers. The
Oregon
State University Bands Motion Picture Films and Videotapes (FV P
104) consist of recordings of OSU Marching Band shows during the
1970s and 1980s. The
Memorabilia
Collection includes announcements and programs for Music
Department events and posters for the OSU-Corvallis Symphony. Photographs
of Music Department events and academic programs are part of the Music
Department (Robert B. Walls) Photographs (P 137), OSU Bands Photographic
Collection (P 104), Music Photographs (P 50), and Harriet's
Collection.
Carlson,
Marlan.
Douglass,
James
Mesang, Ted,
1902?-1967
Walls, Robert
B.
Oregon State
College--Bands.
Oregon State
College--Choral organizations.
Oregon State
University--Bands.
Oregon State
University--Choral organizations.
Oregon State
University--Funds and scholarships.
Oregon State
College. Dept. of Music.
Marching
bands--Oregon--Corvallis.
Music--Instruction and
study--Oregon.
Music in universities and
colleges--Oregon--Corvallis.
Students'
songs--Oregon--Corvallis.
Audiotapes.
Audiocassettes.
Compact discs.
DVDs.
Phonograph
records.
Colleges and
Universities
Music
Student Life
Oregon
Corvallis
Moving Images
Scrapbooks
Sound Recordings
Series I
General
Correspondence
1938-1966
Series I includes correspondence and related materials pertaining to
department operations, primarily during the chairmanship of Robert B.
Walls. The materials pertaining to piano purchases for the practice rooms
is from the period when Paul Petri was department head. The Educational
Activities file includes detailed budgets and expenditures for student
funded musical groups, such as the bands, choirs, and orchestra.
1
1
Coliseum Sound System (proposed)
1959-1964
1
2
Ledgers
1947-1961
1
3
Interinstitutional Television
Report
1960
1
4
Appraisal, Academic and Applied
1962-1963
1
5
New Conference Center
1964
1
6
Course Renumbering (Trotter)
1963
1
7
Cultural Affairs
1965
1
8
Interfraternity Sing
1948-1964
1
9
Catalog
1959-1963
1
10
Civil Service
1957
1
11
Music Minor Requirements,
Elementary
1963-1964
1
12
Educational Activities
1949-1965
1
13
Income
1947-1959
1
14
Summer Teaching Regulations
1956
1
15
Summer Session
1948-1958
1
16
Equipment Requests
1950-1960
1
17
Organ
1952
1
18
Piano Purchases
1938
Series II
Scholarships
1956-1989
Series II provides information about various scholarships available to
music students at Oregon State and includes lists of recipients, budgets
and funds available, correspondence, and policies and procedures for
selection of award recipients.
1
Financial Records
1958-1966
1
Scholarship File
1958-1965
8 folders
1
Elks Scholarships
1956-1959
1
Music Scholarships
1966-1972
1
OSU Foundation Scholarships
1970-1979
1
Ted Mesang Memorial Band Scholarships
1966-1983
1
Tuition Scholarship
1976-1985
1
Scholarships Awarded
1982-1989
Series III
1
Historical Sketch of OSU Music
Department, 1871-1967
circa
1967
The historical sketch of the Music Department was prepared for Oregon
State University's 1968 centennial by Iris Gray, Thomas Roberts, and
Robert Walls. It provides information about department faculty,
organization and curricula, and equipment and facilities. The history
includes programs and brochures for band and choir concerts, recitals,
orchestra performances, and other special events.
Series IV
Departmental Memos
1
1966-1975
3 folders
Series IV consists of memoranda from the department chairman regarding
policies and procedures, teaching assignments, classroom scheduling, and
other topics. Most of the notices are for music faculty; however, some of
the memos are directed to students in the department.
Series V
Staff
Meetings
1949-1975
The agendas and minutes for staff and faculty meetings address a
variety of topics, including curriculum, degree requirement, courses, and
proficiency examinations; special events, concerts, and recitals; teaching
loads; budgets; and facilities and classrooms. The minutes include
announcments of policies and procedures and new staff and faculty.
1
Agendas
1951-1963
1
Minutes
1949-1975
4 folders
Series VI
Publications
1908-2007
Series VI includes School of Music catalogs prior to 1924 and the
department's newletter for alumni and friends.
1
School of Music Catalogs
1908-1924
1
Musically Speaking
1989-2007
Series VII
Sound
Recordings and Moving Images
circa
1947-2008
Series VII consists of sound recordings in a variety of formats: 33 rpm
and 78 rpm phonograph records, cassette tapes, reel-to-reel tapes, and
compact discs. The series also includes one DVD. The series consists
primarily of recordings of performances by the Symphonic Band and other
bands, the Choralaires and other choral groups, and other Oregon State
musical groups. The DVD is a 2008 production on the history of choral
groups and choral instruction at Oregon State.
Phonograph Recordings
circa 1947-1984
28 phonograph records
All recordings are 33 rpm unless noted otherwise.
2
Oregon State Marching Song
undated
Side 1 is a reading of a letter to Lowell Stockman (Stocky) and his
wife Dorcas in Pendleton; the unidentified letter writer composed the
music and mutual friend Vera wrote the words. This recording accompanied
music that was sent to them. The song is sung by Jean Monroe. On side 2,
the song is sung in harmony by a group of women in "University School of
Music". Presto disc recording (78 rpm). Digitized sound files available
online: Formerly P48:24. Recording available online:
side
1;
side
2.
2
Songs of Oregon State College -
disk 2
circa 1950
This item is disk 2 of a 2-record 78 rpm set. Both records are
available in the Alumni Association Records (RG 035). This disk includes
the
Alma Mater (side 1) and part 2 of the
Oregon State Creed (side 2). The Alma Mater
was written by Maris, arranged by Brye, and sung by the Oregon State
College Choir, directed by Robert Walls. The Creed was written by E.T. Reed with music by
Joseph Brye; it is sung by the Oregon State College A Cappella Choir,
directed by Robert Walls. Formerly P48:25. Recording available online:
Alma
Mater;
Oregon
State Creed.
2
Oregon State College Medley and
A Tribute to Beard by Oregon State College
Band
circa 1947
Medley arranged by Captain H.L. Beard, Conductor. Tribute by Gordon A.
Finlay. 78 rpm phonograph record from the recording studios of G.F.
Johnson Music Co. in Portland, Oregon. Formerly P48:26. Recording
available online:
Oregon
State College Medley;
A
Tribute to Beard.
2
Symphonic Band Spring Concert
undated
James Douglass, Trumpet; Shirley Byrne, Piano; Bernard Gilmore, French
Horn.
2
OSU Symphonic Band (Eighty Strong)
circa
1970
4 copies
formerly P48:23
2
OSU Symphonic Band On Tour
circa
1972
3 copies
formerly P104:65
2
Choralaires recorded in concert
February
20, 1963
2
Choralaires: The Robert B. Walls Years, 1947-1974
circa 1974
2
OSU Choir on Tour
1978
2
OSU Symphonic Band recorded during performance
circa 1970
2 copies
School Educational Series #2; featuring music of Wagner, Berlioz, Orff,
and Giannini.
2
Great Band Classics, OSU Symphonic Band
undated
School Educational Series #4; featuring music of Percy Grainger,
Charles Ives, Gustav Holst, and Clifton Williams.
2
OSU Symphonic Band, Assembly Concerts on Tour
circa 1970
Includes music by Shostakovich, Gould, Leroy Anderson (
Bugler's Holiday), Handel (
Music for the Royal Fireworks), Sousa, and
Washburn.
2
Oregon State Symphonic Band School Assembly Concert
undated
Includes music by Rimsky-Korsakov, Nelhybel, Bencriscutto, Vivaldi, and
Barber.
2
Oregon State Symphonic Band on Tour
circa
1975
Includes music by Creston, Rossini, Gould, Stanley, Beethoven, and
Husa; clarinet solo by Steve Matthes.
2
Oregon State University Symphony Band
undated
Includes music by Bennett, Haydn, Sousa, Nelhybel, von Weber, and
Husa.
2
Oregon State Symphonic Band with Doc Severinsen
1984
2 copies
2
The Face of Oregon
1959-1962
1 copy of 1959 edition; 4 copies of 1962
edition
A sound recording of the Oregon Centennial Concert at Oregon State
College on April 23, 1959 -- "a concert of original music and script
written, composed, and conducted by members of the teaching staff … in
honor of the 100th anniversary of the state. Produced under the general
supervision of Robert Walls, Director, Dept. of Music." It includes
performances by the Concert Band, Madrigal and Glee Clubs, and the
Choralaires. The recording was originally issued in 1959, soon after the
live recording; it was re-issued in 1962 with accompanying
Text and Notes by the Oregon State
University Press. Recording available online in
Best
of the Archives;
Text and Notes also
available online.
Reel-to-reel
Audiotapes
1955-1992
100 tapes
10
Pacific Music Clinic
1967
10
Oregon State University Concert Band
March 1, 1967
2 tapes
10
OSU Pep Band
1969-1970
10
OSU Symphonic Band, Albany Union High School Concert
Assembly
March 4, 1970
10
OSU Symphonic Band, Gill Coliseum Concert
May 20, 1970
2 tapes
10
OSU Symphonic Band, Memorial Union Lounge Concert
March 11, 1971
10
OSU Symphonic Band Concert at Barlow High School
May 19, 1971
Spring tour.
10
OSU Symphonic Band Concert, Gill Coliseum
May 27, 1971
2 tapes
10
OSU Symphonic Band, CBDNA Northwest Division,
Portland
1972
10
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert Tour
1972
3 tapes
10
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert, Gill Coliseum
1972
10
OSU Jazz Concert, Memorial Union Lounge
December 6, 1973
10
Memorial Union Concert
February 28,
1974
2 KOAC tapes
10
OSU Symphonic Band High School Band Festival
Concert
April 19, 1974
10
OSU Symphonic Band
1974
LP recording tape, side II
10
OSU Symphonic Band
1974
10
OSU Symphonic Band, Memorial Union Lounge Concert
March 13, 1975
10
Best of Memorial Union and OCE Concerts
March 13, 1975
10
OSU Symphonic Band High School Band Festival
Concert
April 18, 1975
10
KOAC Radio Concert
May 3, 1975
Part I.
10
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 28,
1975
2 tapes
10
OSU Jazz Ensemble Concert, Memorial Union Lounge
June 5, 1975
10
OSU Symphonic Band
1975
LP recording tapes, sides I and II
10
OSU Symphonic Band Winter and Spring Concerts, Memorial Union
Lounge
1976
10
OSU Symphonic Band Winter and Spring Concerts
1976
Excellent recordings for record.
10
Jazz Ensemble, Memorial Union Lounge
March 11, 1976
10
OSU Symphonic Band High School Band Festival
Concert
April 23, 1976
10
OSU Symphonic Band
1976
LP recording tape, side II
11
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert, Memorial Union
May 26, 1977
2 tapes
11
OSU Symphonic Band
1977
LP recording tapes, side I and II
11
OSU Symphonic Band
1977
2 tapes
original tapes of 1977
11
OSU Symphonic Band, Memorial Union Loung Concert
March 25, 1978
11
OSU Symphonic Band High School Band Festival
Concert
April 6, 1978
11
OSU Symphonic Band selected performances
1978-1979
11
OSU Concert Band, Memorial Union
May 22,
1980
11
OSU Symphonic Band Concert
1980
11
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 21,
1981
Tape 2.
11
OSU Symphonic Band
1981
2 tapes
Master tapes.
11
OSU Symphonic Band Concert, Memorial Union Lounge
March 11, 1982
11
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 23,
1982
2 tapes
11
OSU Symphonic Band Contest Concert
April
29, 1983
11
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 26,
1983
11
OSU Symphonic Band, Seattle Concert
1983
11
OSU Symphonic Band and Doc Severinsen
February 5, 1984
11
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 24,
1984
2 tapes
11
OSU Symphonic Band
1984
LP recording tapes, sides I and II
11
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 22,
1985
2 tapes
11
OSU Symphonic Band
1986
2 tapes
2 tapes
11
OSU Symphonic Band
1986
2 tapes
Original tapes for cassette.
11
OSU Symphonic Band Concert for the American Bandmasters
Association
1988
2 tapes
12
OSU Symphonic Band Concert
May 22,
1988
2 tapes
12
Chamber Music a la Carte, Memorial Union Lounge
December 1, 1988
2 tapes
Recital featuring Jiang Yu, Alejandro Gutierrez, and Rebecca
Jeffers.
12
Recital of Brass Music at LaSells Stewart Center
May 2, 1989
2 tapes
Featuring Jiang Yu, Yue Chen and Alejandro Gutierrez.
12
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 21,
1989
2 tapes
12
OSU Symphonic Band Winter Concert
February 25, 1990
2 tapes
12
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 20,
1990
2 tapes
12
OSU Symphonic Band Winter Concert
March
3, 1992
12
OSU Symphonic Band Spring Concert
May 19,
1992
2 tapes
12
OSU Wind Ensemble, Three Penny Opera
undated
12
OSU Wind Ensemble, Memorial Union Lounge
undated
Box labeled April 27 (no year).
12
My Fair Lady or Band Concert,
Memorial Union Lounge
undated
Box labeled April 27 (no year).
12
OSU Symphonic Band Contest Concert
undated
Box labeled April 30 (no year).
12
OSU Symphonic Band Concert
circa
1989
13
Oregon State College Songs
circa
1955
Includes OSC Medley, Indiana State Band (March), Alma Mater, Roadways,
Mighty Beavers, Storm King, Hail to Old OSC, Toast to the Team, and March
of the Spanish Soldiery.
13
Choralaires, University Chorus, and University Chamber
Orchestra perform the Christmas portion of the Messiah in Gill Coliseum
December 2, 1973
13
Concerts by Choralaires, University Chorus, and Women's
Chorus
1973
13
Choralaires Concert
February 26,
1974
13
University Chorus and OSU Women's Chorus Concert
February 28, 1974
13
Orchestra Concert - Lion and Blue
December 2, 1976
First performance.
13
Brahms' A German Requiem
performed by OSU Civic-University Chorus and OSU University Choir at Gill
Coliseum
May 22, 1977
13
Music 123 Honors Compositions
1980
Student compositions selected for class recital.
13
Gymanfa Ganu
1982
Welsh sacred hymn festival.
13
Elegy for Whale
undated
By Ludmila Ulehla.
13
The Whaleman's Lament: A History of
Whaling and Whaling Songs
1977
Recorded at University of Melbourne, Australia, by William A. Williams.
Transferred to the OSU Music Department Library in 1988 by Peter Copek, of
the OSU Center for the Humanities.
Cassette Tapes
1994-1997
4 tapes
OSU Symphonic Band Winter
Concerts
2
March 8, 1994
2 copies
2
March 9, 1997
2
Symphonic Band Costa Rica Tour
1995
Compact Discs and Digital Video
Discs (DVD) (CD)
1970-2008
13 CDs and 1 DVD
12
OSU Symphonic Band Concert Tour in Taiwan
1998
3 CDs
12
Men's Chorus Festival - Brothers, Sing
On!
2008
Includes program. Featuring men's choruses from Tualatin High School,
McKay High School, Crescent Valley High School, South Salem High School,
the OSU Mestersingers, and the OSU Men's Festival Chorus; Hal Eastburn and
Dr. Steven M. Zielke, Directors.
12
OSU Pep Band Featuring Steve Matthes
1970
Includes 17 songs (36 minutes total) recorded by the OSU Pep Band in
1970. In addition to jazz and big band standards like
The Stripper and Bill Bailey, Won't You Come Home?, the compilation
includes contempary tunes such as the Hawaii
5-0 theme and Jefferson Airplane's White
Rabbit. Matthes graduated from OSU in 1974 and played clarinet in
the Pep Band as a student. After graduation he worked as a chemist with
the U.S. Department of Energy, taught clarinet and saxophone, and served
as conductor of the OSU Concert Band and the Corvallis Community Band.
12
OSU Choir Concerts
1993-1995
4 CDs
Includes the winter (Christmas) 1993, winter 1994, spring 1994 and
spring 1995 concerts.
12
The Sounds of OSU, President's
Club Dinner
2006
This CD includes pieces by several Oregon State musical groups
including the Marching Band, Severin Sisters, Meistersingers, Chamber
Choir, Divine, Symphonic Wind Ensemble, Bella Voce, Outspoken, and the
Corvallis-OSU Symphony Orchestra.
Hail to Old OSU (fight song) and
Carry Me Back (alma mater) as well as the
OSU Fight Song Medley are represented on
the CD. The CD may have been provided to all attendees at the President's
Dinner.
12
Russian Concertos
2007
The Russian Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Marlan Carlson.
Includes performances by Katerina Zaitseva, Nikita Fitenko, and Alexander
Tutunov.
Copyright, reproduction, and use restrictions may apply to this
recording.
12
Death and Transfiguration and
other pieces performed by Corvallis-OSU Symphony Orchestra
2008
Recorded during a live performance at LaSells Stewart Center on May 20,
2008. The recording includes pieces by Shostakovich and Rachmaninoff as
well and
Death and Transfiguration by Richard
Strauss.
12
A Century of Song: The History of
Singing at Oregon State University
2008
A set that includes a music CD and movie DVD. The music compact disc
includes period recordings of OSU choral groups from the 1940s to 2005.
The video production provides a history of choral groups and choral
instruction at Oregon State. It includes descriptions by alumni of their
experiences singing on international tours with Oregon State choral
groups. The DVD features choral directors Robert Walls (1947-1974), Ron
Jeffers (1974-1987), Kathryn Olson (1987-1999), and Steven Zielke
(beginning in 1999). The video production also includes Robert Walls'
narration of the
Names of Oregon, from the 1959
Face of Oregon musical production.
Series VIII
Scrapbooks
1899-1961
Series VIII consists of 6 scrapbooks containing clippings and programs
for concerts, recitals, musicals, and other events sponsored by the Music
Department. Performances by choral groups, bands, and orchestras as well
as by students, faculty, and guest artists are included.
3
Historical Material - Music Programs
1899-1930
3
Music Department Clippings
1948-1949
4
Music Department Clippings for 1949/1950-1954/1955
1949-1955
4
Music Department Clippings and Programs for
1955-1956
1955-1956
5
Music Department Clippings and Programs for
1956-1958
1956-1958
5
Music Department Clippings and Programs for
1958-1961
1958-1961
Series IX
Programs
and Special Events Records
1948-2007
Series IX includes programs, flyers, and posters for Music Department
concerts, student recitals, and special events; University Theater plays;
and performances by the OSU-Corvallis Symphony Orchestra. For 1948-1989,
the programs are bound chronologically. For 1994-2007, they are arranged
in folders by academic year.
1
Dedication of Captain Beard Band Hall
1999
Includes a brochure and the text of presentations by Ken Munford and
John McManus.
7
Bound programs
1948-1989
30 volumes
7
Programs
1994-2002
6 folders
8
Programs
2002-2007
5 folders
Series X
OSU
Bands
1927-1999
Series X includes programs, brochures, publications, and newspaper
clippings documenting various bands at Oregon State, including the
Symphonic Band, Concert Band, Cadet Band, and Marching Band. The
correspondence in this series pertains primarily to band performances.
1
Symphonic Band Concert in Taiwan
1987
A concert ticket for a performance by the OSU Symphonic Band on March
24, 1987 at the Taipai City Hall in Taiwan. Included with the ticket is a
gift presented to Director Jim Douglass and the Band of a copy of Taiwan's
constitution in a decorative box.
6
Symphonic Band Concerts and Tours Programs and
Posters
1994-1999
9
Clippings Scrapbook for ROTC Band
1927-1930
9
Clippings and Memorabilia
1937
9
History of Oregon State College Cadet Band
1939
4
Orange Baton
1930-1938
Includes issues for 1930-1932, 1934, 1936, 1937 (1st and 2nd editions),
and 1938. Multiple copies for some issues are available. Microfilmed
copies are in the Publications Collection. The
Orange Baton was published annually, in the
spring, on the occasion of the Annual High School Band contest to
summarize the work of the Oregon State Band for the preceding year and
provide news about graduates. It was distributed to attendees at the
contest as well as alumni.
9
Programs for Marching Band Banquets
1968-1970
9
Correspondence
1974-2000
2 folders
9
Informational Brochures
circa
1980-1995
9
Programs and Brochures
circa
1971-1997
9
Publications and Articles by James Douglass
1974-1977
9
Newspaper Clippings
1970-1998
2 folders
9
Certificates of Excellence from Music Educators National
Conference
1981-1983
Series XI
OSU-Corvallis Symphony
1951-2006
Series XI includes season and concert programs for symphony
performances. The compilations of concert performances were prepared in
commemoration of the symphony's centennial in 2005-2006. Beginning in
2000, the symphony became known as the Corvallis-OSU Symphony.
1
Classical Notes
Newsletter
1998
1
Concert Programs
1951-2004
2 folders
1
Season Programs
1951-2004
2 folders
6
Concert Programs by Date thru 2005
2006
Compiled by Walter A. Frankel.
6
Composers and Compositions Performed thru 2005
2006
Compiled by Walter A. Frankel.