Fred W. Voget Papers - Archives West

Fred W. Voget Papers, 1935-1996

Overview of the Collection

Creator: Voget, Fred W., 1913-1997
Title: Fred W. Voget Papers
Dates: 1935-1996 (inclusive)
19351996
Quantity: 13.0 linear feet
Collection Number: Mss 318 (collection)
Summary: This collection represents a large portion of the academic research and writing career of cultural anthropologist and American Indian ethnologist Fred W. Voget. Voget focused his research for many years on the Crow tribe, also called Apsaalooké, of Montana.
Repository: University of Montana, Mansfield Library, Archives and Special Collections
Archives and Special Collections
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library
University of Montana
32 Campus Dr. #9936
59812-9936
Missoula, MT
Telephone: 406-243-2053
library.archives@umontana.edu
Access Restrictions: Researchers must use collection in accordance with the policies of Archives and Special Collections, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, and The University of Montana--Missoula.
Languages: English
Sponsor: Funding for encoding this finding aid was provided through a grant awarded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Biographical NoteReturn to Top

Frederick William Voget, cultural anthropologist and American Indian ethnologist, was born in Salem, Oregon, on February 12, 1913. He was one of six children of Friedrich A. Voget, who emigrated from Germany to Oregon when he was 19, and Fay Isham, whose grandparents were Oregon pioneers. Voget was educated in Portland public schools, attended Reed College, and graduated from the University of Oregon. He attended graduate school at Yale University and received a Ph.D. in Anthropology in 1947. Fred served in the 71st Division of the U.S. Infantry from 1942 to 1947 and was honorably discharged as a Master Sergeant. He married Mary Kay Mee in 1942 and they had three daughters, Antoinette, Colleen, and Jane. Mrs. Voget worked as Dr. Voget's research assistant throughout their many years together.

Dr. Voget's fieldwork and doctoral dissertation subjects were the Crow Indians of Montana. His dissertation, The Shoshoni-Crow Sun Dance, was published in 1984 in the Civilization of the American Indians Series, University of Oklahoma Press, and is the first full-length authoritative treatment of the Crow Sun Dance. Holt Rinehart published A History of Ethnology, an earlier book, in 1975. Recent contributions to new books include the introduction to Old Man Coyote and the foreword to Yellowtail, Crow Indian Medicine Man. His most recent book, They Call Me Agnes, was a finalist for the Western Writers of America Spur Award for the best non-fiction book of 1995. They Call Me Agnes, the life story of Agnes Yellowtail Deernose, a Crow Indian woman, was written with the assistance of his wife, Mary Kay Mee.

Dr. Voget was the author of many articles, notable among them "The Osage Indians, Osage Research Report" (New York, London, 1974) and "Crow Sacred Numerology" published in the Plains Anthropologist in 1996. His articles are also published in the 1996 Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology sponsored by Yale University.

Fred Voget taught at McGill University in Montreal, the University of Arkansas, the University of Toronto, and Southern Illinois University. He was a visiting professor at Northwestern University and Portland State University. In 1966 he won a Canada Council Research Grant to work with the Six Nations tribes of Eastern Canada. He was a Fulbright Scholar to Germany in 1972 and returned there in 1979 as a visiting professor at the University of Munich. After his retirement as Professor Emeritus from Southern Illinois University, Fred returned to Portland where he continued to write and lecture. He was an adjunct professor at Portland State University and was a guest lecturer at the University of Oregon and Linfield College.

Since 1939 Dr. Voget devoted his life and his research to recording and preserving the culture and way of life of the Crow as it was and is. His contribution to the study of ethnology was intended to improve the lives of American Indians and to promote understanding and respect for the diversity of cultures in the world. He was an adopted member of the Crow Tribe and spent part of every summer with them in Montana. Fred W. Voget died on 8, 1997

Content DescriptionReturn to Top

This collection represents a large portion of the academic research and writing career of Fred W. Voget from his undergraduate years in the 1930s to a few years before his death in 1997. While the bulk of his research was focused on the Crow Tribe, the collection also includes secondary source research on numerous other North American tribes and primary source research on the Iroquois, Shoshoni, and Blackfeet Indians. Research specific to the Crow Tribe includes bibliographies, annotated photocopies of papers, book chapters, and articles, interviews spanning half of century from 1939 to 1993, and photographs from 1939 to 1987

Use of the CollectionReturn to Top

Restrictions on Use

Researchers are responsible for using in accordance with 17 U.S.C. and any other applicable statutes. Intellectual property rights transferred to the University of Montana.

Preferred Citation

[Name of document or photograph number], Fred W. Voget Papers, Archives and Special Collections, Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, The University of Montana--Missoula.

Administrative InformationReturn to Top

Arrangement

The collection is divided into six series:

Series I: General Anthropology and Native American research, undated, 0.7 linear feet

Series II: Crow Indian research, 5.0 linear feet, 1936-1995

Series III: Field research notebooks, 1.0 linear feet, 1949-1993

Series IV: Crow language research, 1.0 linear feet, undated

Series V: Writings, 2.3 linear feet, 1935-1996

Series VI: Photographs, 2.5 linear feet, 1939-1989

Custodial History

The materials in this collection were retained by the Voget Family until donation to the K. Ross Toole Archives.

Acquisition Information

Gift of Mary Kay Voget, 2001. Dissertation purchased in 2004.

Processing Note

Mary Kay Voget sorted and arranged significant portions of the collection before transfer to the K. Ross Toole Archives. This collection was processed at the K. Ross Toole Archives for the first time in 2001. When received, the majority of research notes were organized in card files or file folders. Where Voget had categorized materials by subject, the processor maintained those divisions and separated remaining materials into "to be filed" groups according to established categories. Additional photograph identifications were obtained from members of the Crow tribe, including Fred Voget Lefthand. In 2012, Aaron Brien, a member of the Apsaalooke Nation and a student at the University of Montana, provided additional information about a number of the photographs in this collection. These are documented as his additions in the notes field.

Detailed Description of the CollectionReturn to Top

Series I: General Anthropology and Native American research , undatedReturn to Top

0.7 linear feet

This series includes notes and readings on anthropology theory and practice, bibliographies of anthropology readings, and a small amount of anthropology research notes. Additionally, the series has reading notes and bibliographies on a number of Native American tribes. The arbitrary arrangement begins with general anthropology and moves into broad Native American topics.

Container(s)	Description	Dates
Box/Folder
1/1	Anthropology theory notes	undated
1/2	Anthropology and ethnology theory notes	undated
1/3	General bibliography of anthropology and archeology readings	undated
1/4	Bibliography regarding culture, history, and evolution	undated
1/5	Card file of book release notices, various authors	undated
1/6	General anthropology notes regarding "constancy of problems"	undated
1/7	Anthropology graduate class planning notes	undated
1/8	Research notes, culture typology	undated
1/9	Shorthand practice notes	undated
1/10	Pamphlet, "A Preliminary Consideration of Areas of Africa"	1924
1/11	Notes on Central Mexico cultures	undated
1/12	Notes and bibliography, South America	undated
1/13	Miscellaneous notes taken in Southwest Museum	December 1937
1/14	Report and discussion on Dobu Islanders, Apache Kinship, Australian Tribes, Primitive Behavior, and Iroquois Women	undated
1/15	Excerpt regarding Shawnee and Delaware Indians from unnamed report	undated
1/16	Pawnee, mimeographed information	undated
1/17	Arapahoe reading notes	undated
1/18	Kiowa reading notes	undated
1/19	Algonquin reading notes	undated
1/20	Native Americans, reading notes	undated
2/1	Brief news article on origin of corn	undated
2/2	Native American population according to 1910 census	undated
2/3	General Native American bibliography	undated
2/4	Bibliography, general Plains tribes	undated
2/5	Bibliography, brief, U.S. Government	undated
2/6	Bibliography, fur trade	undated

Series II: Crow Indian research , 1936-1995Return to Top

This series includes bibliographies, research notes on readings, annotated and clean copies of materials, newspaper articles, contact information, and interview notes. The bulk of the series is Crow Indian research, but material such as interviews with Shoshoni tribe members have been included to duplicate Voget's synthesis of this research in his book The Shoshoni-Crow Sun Dance. While the broad order of this series is arbitrary, Voget's original card file order has been maintained. Cards in "to be filed" groups were filed according to established categories and notes not on cards have been inserted into separate folders according to those same categories or topics. Groupings of interviews have been maintained as much as possible.

Container(s)	Description	Dates
Box/Folder
2/7	Notes on Frank Bird Linderman's Red Mother	undated
2/8	Notes on 30, 1920 Report Commissioner of Indian Affairs	undated
2/9	Notes on Crow Indian Shelters and information on Fort Belnap Indian Arts and Crafts and the Blackfeet Indian Reservation	undated
2/10	Miscellaneous Crow research notes and memorabilia	undated
2/11	Crow names with abbreviations (informants)	undated
2/12	Indian education specialist address & agency location note	undated
2/13	Crow Agency news articles	1973, 1993
2/14	Crow news articles including reburial of Chief Black Foot, Donald Deernose obituary, and a Henrietta Whiteman profile	1978, 1979
2/15	Miscelleaneous news articles	undated
2/16	References on Crow art	undated
2/17	List of museums	undated
2/18	Bibliography notes	undated
2/19	Early research bibliography on Crow	undated
2/20	Crow bibliography, alphabetized	undated
2/21	Crow bibliographical sources, no order	undated
2/22	Bibliography, Crow and other North American tribes	undated
3/1	Bibliography, Crow and other North American tribes	undated
3/2	Notes on "Phonetic Transcription of Indian Language," Report of Committee of AAA, original 1916, notes	undated
3/3	Pre-history notes and bibliography, Crow	undated
3/4	Notes from Blankets and Moccasins: Plenty Coups and his People, the Crows, author Gwendolin Damon Wagner, published 1936	undated
3/5	Notes from The Oregon Trail, author Francis Parkman, published 1931	undated
3/6	Notes from Meldrum's account in The Indian Journals	undated
3/7	Notes from Peter Nabakov's Two Leggings: The Making of a Crow Warrier	undated
3/8	List of some Crow clans	undated
3/9	Typed copies of various reservation agency reports	1885-1894
3/10	Notes on Crow history	undated
3/11	Miscellaneous short notes, Crow	undated
3/12	Analysis of dating Crow-Hidatsa separation	1991
3/13	Copy of article, "Notes on Crow-Hidatsa Schism"	1977
3/14	Copy of chapters from The Crow Tribe of Indians by Norman Plummer	1974
3/15	Copy of sections from Early Western Travels, Reuben Gold Thwaites, ed. 1904	1966
3/16	Copies of articles on Plains Indians by J.D. Keyser	1979, 1993
3/17	Annotated copy of "The Crow Migration Story," Archeology in Montana	1979
3/18	Copy of "Ethnohistoric Problems in the Crow-Hidatsa Separation," Archaeology in Montana	1979
3/19	Copy of "The North American Berdarche," from Current Anthropology	1983
3/20	Copy of pages from The Missouri Indians	1960
3/21	Annotated copy of portions of The Indian Journal by Lewis Henry Morgan	1959
3/22	Copy of "Journal of Laroque" from Canadian Archives	1911
3/23	Copy of chapters from Narratives of the Adventures of Zenas Leonard	1934
3/24	Abstracts of papers from Montana Archeological Society Annual Meeting	1978
3/25	Copy of "Plains Indian Sun/Dance," by Spier	1921
3/26	B.I.A. "programming for Indian Social and Economic Improvement"	1956-04-12
3/27	Copy of M.A. Thesis "Abaatassheek: The Oilers, Pentecostalism Among the Crow Indians"	1993
4/1	Annotated copy of "Apsaakisshe: A Description of the Crow Indian Sun Dance," John A. Grim	undated
4/2	Annotated copies of portions of Indians in the Fur Trade Arthur J. Ray	1974
4/3	Annotated copy of pages from The Fur Trade in the Upper Missouri, 1840, 1865 John E. Sunder	1965
4/4	Annotated copies of portions of The Missouri Fur Trade, 1840, 1865	undated
4/5	Annotated copies of chapters from Curtis's The North American Indian	undated
4/6	Annotated copy of "The Sundance" from Curtis's The North American Indian	undated
4/7	Annotated copy of "War and Chase" from Curtis's The North American Indians	undated
4/8	Annotated copy of "Myth & Legend" from Curtis's The North American Indian, undated
4/9	Annotated copy of partial chapter "The Apsaroke," from Curtis's The North American Indian	undated
4/10	Annotated copy of "Religion and Ceremonies" from Curtis's The North American Indian	1920
4/11	Copy of chapter on Crow peyotism, author unknown	undated
4/12	Copy of The Stars We Know: Crow Indian Ethnoastronomy Timothy McCleary	1994
4/13	Annotated copy of "The Sun Dance of the Wind River Shoshoni and Ute" Robert Lowie	1919
4/14	Annotated copy of Social Life of the Crow Indians Robert Lowie	1912
4/15	Annotated copy of Myths and Traditions of the Crow Indians Robert Lowie	1918
4/16	Copy of Societies of the Crow, Hidatsa, and Mandan Indians Robert Lowie	1913
4/17	Annotated copy of "Crow Sun Dance" Robert Lowie	1915
4/18	Annotated copy of "Tobacco Society of the Crow Indians"	1919
4/19	Annotated copy of "The Material Culture of the Crow Indians" Robert Lowie	1922
5/1	Annotated copy of "Crow Indian Art" Robert Lowie	1922
5/2	Annotated copy of "Minor Ceremonies of the Crow Indians" Robert Lowie	1924
5/3	Annotated copy of "Towards a "New" North American Legal History" Frederick Hoxie	1986
5/4	Annotated copy of "A Culture Which Has Been Inevitably Disintegrated" Frederick Hoxie	1987
5/5	Annotated copy of "Building a Future on the Past: Crow Indian Leadership in an Era of Division and Reunion" Frederick Hoxie	1984
5/6	New book information sheet on Frederick Hoxie book release	1988
5/7	Annotated book draft entitled "From Individualism to Bureaucracy: Documents on the Crow Indians, Part 1, Chapter I/IV Charles and Susanna Bradley	1920, 1945-1974
5/8	Annotated book draft entitled "From Individualism to Bureaucracy: Documents on the Crow Indians, Part 1, Chap. V/conclusion Charles and Susanna Bradley	1920-1945, 1974
5/9	Annotated book draft entitled "From Individualism to Bureaucracy: Documents on the Crow Indians, Part 2 Charles and Susanna Bradley	1920-1945, 1974
5/10	Annotated book draft entitled "From Individualism to Bureaucracy: Documents on the Crow Indians, Part 3 Charles and Susanna Bradley	1920-1945, 1974
5/11	Annotated book draft entitled "From Individualism to Bureaucracy: Documents on the Crow Indians, Part 4 Charles and Susanna Bradley	1920-1945, 1974
5/12	Annotated copy of "An Ethnohistorical Analysis of Crow Political Alliances" Katherine M. Weist	1977
5/13	Copy of paper entitled "Crow Peyotism" Robert C. Kiste	1963
5/14	Copy of "The History of Peyotism in Nevada" Omer C. Stewart	1982
5/15	Copy of "Friend to the Ute" Omer C. Stewart	1982
6/1	Annotated copy of "An Archeological Demonstration of Migration on the Northern Plains" William J. Byrne	1978
6/2	Copy of "Crow Rendezvous" Colin Taylor	1981
6/3	Copy of "Early Nineteenth Century Crow Warrior Costume" Colin Taylor	1984
6/4	Copy of University of Montana Vision magazine with "Indian Law Clinic" article	1990
6/5	Review of Soldiers Falling into Camp William W. Savage, Jr.	1992
6/6	Paper entitled "An Early Basket and Plum-Stone Game of Chance Played by Cheyenne Women" Reno Charlette	1990
6/7	J. E. Ransom's correspondence regarding the Medicine Wheel	1994
6/8	Small copy of 1855 map of Crow Country from unnamed source	undated
6/9	Misc. research on Crow land use and labor statistics	1949, 1975, 1976
6/10	Copy of U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs Land Use and Production Records	1974
6/11	Bureau of Indian Affairs statistics on Crow	1983, 1987, undated
6/12	Copy of Koittai Hilik, Crow newspaper	1977
6/13	Copy of "Second Battle of the Big Horn: Indian Voting Rights Suit," in The Nation news magazine Wilbur Wood	1986-10-25
6/14	Copy of Supreme Court Case, Montana et. al. v. United States et. al. regarding hunting and fishing rights	1981
6/15	Teacher's guide pamphlet titled "Crow Social Studies"	1986
6/16	Photocopied research labeled "Absaroka - 1968"	1968
6/17	Crow-related research and correspondence	undated
6/18	Crow research notes	undated
6/19	Crow stories, research notes	undated
6/20	Crow culture, research notes	undated
7/1	Crow soul concepts, research notes	undated
7/2	Crow medicine pipe and sweat lodge, research notes	undated
7/3	Crow interview notes and other research	1994-1995
7/4	They Call Me Agnes research (including interview notes)	1993-1995
7/5	Notes from interview with Helen (Pease) Wolf for They Call Me Agnes	1980
7/6	One card titled "Crow - Orphans and the Sacred - Old Woman's Grandchild"	undated
7/7	Notes on Crow marriage, one interview note	1939-08-12, undated
7/8	Notes on Crow "Sex-Typing," interview notes	1939, 1941, undated
7/9	Notes on Crow virtue	undated
7/10	Notes on Crow courtship, interview notes	1939, undated
7/11	Notes on Crow menstruation, interview notes	1939, undated
7/12	Note on Crow "Incense - Purification"	undated
7/13	Notes on Crow pregnancy and childbirth, interview notes	1939, undated
7/14	Notes on Crow pregnancy and birth practices, interview notes	1939, undated
7/15	Note on Crow abortion	undated
7/16	Notes on Crow childcare, interview notes	1939, undated
7/17	Notes on Crow ear piercing, interview note	1939, undated
7/18	Notes on Crow child growth ideas, interview note	1939, undated
7/19	Notes on Crow weaning, interview notes	1939, undated
7/20	Notes on Crow childhood training, interview notes	1939, undated
7/21	Notes on Crow childhood play, interview notes	1939, undated
7/22	Notes on Crow teaching practices	undated
7/23	Notes on Crow names and naming practices, interview notes	1939, undated
7/24	Notes on Crow medical practices, interview note	1939, undated
7/25	Note on Crow "curing" or healing practices	undated
7/26	Notes on Crow perspectives toward diseases, sexual and other, interview note	1939, and other undated
8/1	Notes on Crow warfare, interview notes	1939, undated
8/2	Notes on Crow treatment of enemies	undated
8/3	Notes on Crow captives	undated
8/4	Notes on Crow and other tribes' war lodges and camp structures, interviews	1941 and other undated
8/5	Notes on Crow warrior image and character	undated
8/6	Note on Crow viewpoint toward reputation and special skills	undated
8/7	Notes on Crow war party leadership	undated
8/8	Notes on reception of returning Crow war party	undated
8/9	Notes on Crow coup	undated
8/10	Notes on Crow "names - honor," interview	1939, and other undated
8/11	Notes on Crow "healing - military"	undated
8/12	Notes on Crow men's fraternities	undated
8/13	Notes on Crow adults	undated
8/14	Note on Crow youth	undated
8/15	Notes on Crow religion	undated
8/16	Notes on Crow creation myth	undated
8/17	Notes on Crow deities or spirits	undated
8/18	Notes on Crow "Little people or dwarfs"	1969-08-02
8/19	Notes on Crow medicines, interview	1939, undated
8/20	Note on rock medicine	undated
8/21	Notes on Crow fasting	undated
8/22	Notes on Crow dreams and spirit encounters, interview	1939-08-12, undated
8/23	Interview with F. Lefthand on "No-Fire Beings"	1988-10-17
8/24	Notes on Crow medicine men, interviews	1939, undated
8/25	Notes on Crow church, interviews	1939, 1940, undated
8/26	Notes on Crow sacred tobacco	undated
8/27	Notes on ritual diffusion of tobacco	undated
8/28	Notes on Crow "tobacco, adoption - worship"	undated
8/29	Notes on Crow Sun Dance	undated
8/30	Notes from early manuscripts of Yellowtail, Crow Medicine Man and Sun Dance Chief: an autobiography, respectively, final version published and notes approx. 1984 edited by Michael Oren Fitzgerald	1991
9/1	Telephone interview with Tom Yellowtail covering adoption, tobacco, Shoshoni Dance, and money tree	1990-06-17
9/2	Thank you note from Michael Fitzgerald	undated
9/3	Magazine article about Thomas Yellowtail	1993
9/4	Thomas Yellowtail funeral program and obituary	1993-11-20, 1993-12-06
9/5	Notes labeled "informant accounts"	1984
9/6	Notes on Crow "paint"	undated
9/7	Notes on Crow "respect," interview	1980
9/8	Notes on Crow "give-away," interview	1941, 1980
9/9	Interview with A.N. Thomas	1941-10-21
9/10	Notes on Crow use of and attitudes toward peyote, interview	1941-05-27, and other undated
9/11	Notes on Crow smoke - prayer, interviews	1939 and 1980, and other undated
9/12	Notes on Crow conflict and fighting, interview	1939, and other undated
9/13	Notes on Crow insult	undated
9/14	Notes on Crow attitudes toward theft, interview	1939, and other undated
9/15	Note on Crow perspective of good and bad luck	undated
9/16	Interview note regarding existence of Crow writing	undated
9/17	Note from interview with Ball on Batsirupe	1939-08-11
9/18	Notes on Crow council district, interviews	1939
9/19	Notes on modern Crow politics, interviews 1980 & 1987, other undated
9/20	Notes on telephone interview with Frank Voget Lefthand regarding political changes	1994-01-04
9/21	General notes	undated
9/22	Notes generally titled "scattered data on sundance," some interviews	undated
9/23	Interview notes from reminiscences of "Ball"	1939-08-08 - 1939-08-11
9/24	News clipping about Sun Dance news rights	1987
9/25	Pencil drawing of Sun Dance staff	undated
9/26	Typed notes on Sun Dance, participants and dates	undated
9/27	Interview letter with response from Pete Lefthand on marriage, fasting, medicine doll, and Sun Dance	1947-04-08
9/28	Notes on Crow, legendary events and history	undated
9/29	Notes on Hidatsa, cultural background for Crow	undated
9/30	Notes on Crow-Hidatsa Relations	undated
9/31	Notes comparing Mountain Crow and River Crow	undated
9/32	Notes on treaties	undated
9/33	Notes on trade	undated
9/34	Notes on pre-reservation	undated
9/35	Notes on reservation life, interview	1984, and other undated
9/36	Note on agent regulation of Crow social style	undated
9/37	Notes on inter-tribal relations and view of other tribes	undated
9/38	Various appellations applied to the Crows	undated
10/1	Notes on Joseph Medicine-Crow, interview	1987-06-23, undated
10/2	Notes on gestures and sign language	undated
10/3	Notes from readings on character traits assigned to Crows	undated
10/4	Notes on Crow perspective of territory	undated
10/5	Notes on Crow clans, interview	1988-09-01, undated
10/6	Notes on father's clan	undated
10/7	Notes on relationships between clans	undated
10/8	Crow dance societies, interview	1984, 1987, 1988
10/9	Notes on adoption	undated
10/10	Notes on kinship behavior	undated
10/11	Notes on kinship terminology	undated
10/12	Notes on joking relationship	undated
10/13	Notes on local divisions, bands	undated
10/14	Notes on chiefs and political organization	undated
10/15	Notes on camp layout and organization	undated
10/16	Notes on camp circle	undated
10/17	Notes on conflict resolution	undated
10/18	Notes on police camp	undated
10/19	Notes on teepees	undated
10/20	Notes on annual calendar months	undated
10/21	Notes on ethnobotany	undated
10/22	Notes on food collection (women)	undated
10/23	Notes on hunting	undated
10/24	Notes on transportation	undated
10/25	Notes on horses	undated
10/26	Notes on horse equipment, saddle	undated
10/27	Notes on dogs	undated
10/28	Notes on food	undated
10/29	Notes on maternal culture and technology	undated
10/30	Notes on kitchen and eating	undated
10/31	Notes on bow and arrow	undated
10/32	Notes on food preparation	undated
10/33	Notes on eating and etiquette	undated
10/34	Notes on drinking and smoking	undated
10/35	Notes on tanning and hides	undated
10/36	Notes on bags or containers	undated
10/37	Notes on admired types and behavior	undated
10/38	Notes on body customs and care	undated
11/1	Notes on hair	undated
11/2	Notes on cleanliness	undated
11/3	Notes on dress	undated
11/4	Notes on age categories and biological maturation, interviews	1939, undated
11/5	Notes on burial	undated
11/6	Notes on mourning	undated
11/7	Notes on dances, reading and interview	undated
11/8	Notes on modern dance	undated
11/9	Interview notes regarding ghost signals and death	1988
11/10	Interview notes regarding medicine necklaces and names for babies	1987-01-18
11/11	Note on Glad Song, interview	1988-10-17
11/12	Notes on praise songs, interview	1988-10-17, undated
11/13	Notes on Crow Indian Fair, interview	1988-10-17, undated
11/14	Notes on games - competition	undated
11/15	Notes on gambling	undated
11/16	Notes on home life	undated
11/17	Notes on sleeping arrangements	undated
11/18	Note on acculturation - change	undated
11/19	Notes on acculturation	undated
11/20	List of early schools for Native Americans and other note on education	undated
11/21	Notes from readings on coyote	undated
11/22	Interviews on "Old Man Coyote"	undated
11/23	Interview with F. Lefthand on the sun, woodpecker, and Washington's Birthday	undated
11/24	Interviews with Marshall Lefthand on prayer, mystical power, and blessing	1989
11/25	Interview with Marshall Lefthand regarding sexual abuse conference	1989
11/26	Interview with Laverne Williamson, 4th of Pow Wow	1989-06-29
11/27	Interview with F. Lefthand on descent of Crow from sun	1989-07-16
11/28	Notes from telephone conversation with Barbara Lefthand, mention of fashion	1990
11/29	Various interview notes with Frank Voget Lefthand on Tobacco Dance, Sun Dance, and Custer re-enactment	1984, 1991-04-07
11/30	Notes on conversation with Ferole Pease	1996-02-08
11/31	Interview notes on "stylish tendencies of Crow"	1996-02-08
11/32	Crow "notes to be transcribed to index cards"	undated
11/33	Letter from Ferole & Bill	1987
11/34	Notes from interview with Frederick	May, 1993
11/35	Letter from T. Larson Medicine Horse	undated
11/36	Interview with Feral Mae (Hogan) Pease, Crow Agency, Montana	undated
11/37	Notes regarding Crow-Cheyenne conflict over Crow Agency Hospital	undated
11/38	Interview with Bill Russell, Lodge Grass and Pryor, Montana	1956, undated
11/39	Interview with Bill Pease regarding Bill Russell	undated
11/40	Note about Ben Jefferson, Lodge Grass, Montana	undated
11/41	Interviews, notes, and records from Flathead Reservation, Montana	1950, 1956, undated
11/42	Interview with Sam and Flora Hathaway, Pryor, Montana	1956-06-13
11/43	Interview with Poesy Edward Whiteman, Pryor, Montana	1956
11/44	Interview with Mrs. E.A.K. Cashen, Pryor, Montana	undated
11/45	Interview with Oliver Verme, Crow Agency, Montana	1956
11/46	Interview with Josephine Russell, Lodge Grass, Montana 1956
11/47	Copy of Kronmiller letter discussing Crow Tribe Resolutions	1956-06-06
11/48	One page unsigned resolution to alter Crow land lease terms	undated
11/49	Copy of "Constitution and By-Laws of the Crow Tribal Council"	undated
11/50	Photocopies and notes from folder labeled "Mike Cowdrey"	undated
11/51	Kay Voget Crow notes	1968-06-08
11/52	Letter from Agnes Deernose and Ataloa Hogan Harris	undated
11/53	Handwritten list of literature supplied by D. Deernose	undated
12/1	Crow giveaway feast given by George Goes-Ahead-Pretty of Pryor	1946-04-28
12/2	Arrow throwing interview, Crow	1946-04-26
12/3	Jack Covers-Up interview on sun dance, Crow	1946-04-25
12/4	Jim Blaine interview on sun dance, Crow	1946-04-24
12/5	Medicine Crow interview on sun dance	1946-04-23
12/6	Interview with Plays on sun dance, Crow	1946-04-22
12/7	Interviews on sun dance, Crow	1946 and undated
12/8	Interviews on sun dance, much shorthand, Crow	1940s
12/9	Notes for non-sun dance member questionnaire	undated
12/10	Guide for sun dance member questionnaire	undated
12/11	Sun dance interviews with Lynn St. Clair, Tom Wesaw, Tom Compton, and John Truhujo, Shoshoni	August 1948
12/12	Interview with Antonius La Jennesse, Shoshoni	August 1948
12/13	Interviews with Mrs. Mike T. Montour, Caughnawaga Iroquois	1949, 1950
12/14	Signature of Pablo Juan Truhujo	undated
12/15	List of Crow Agency sun dancers	1944
12/16	Compiled lists and tables of sun dance and related data	undated
12/17	Compiled lists of church membership status	undated
12/18	Political questionnaire	undated
12/19	Interviews with members and other information on Shoshoni-Arapahoe Council	1948
12/20	Shoshoni-Arapahoe Joint Council Meetings	1947, 1948
12/21	Meetings of the Business Councils of the Arapahoe and Shoshoni	1940-12-06, 1941-12-11

Series III: Field research notebooks , 1949-1993Return to Top

1.0 linear feet

This series includes Voget's handwritten field research notebooks on the Shoshoni, the Iroquois, the Blackfeet, and the Crow. Many parts of the notebooks are written in shorthand. The Iroquois and Blackfeet notebooks were transcribed in 2003 and 2004.

The series is arranged in chronological order.

Container(s)	Description	Dates
Box/Folder
12/22	Field research notebook, Shoshoni, some shorthand	1948
12/23	Field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada, much shorthand	1949-08-16, undated
28/1	Transcription of field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada
13/1	Field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada, much shorthand	1949-08-16, undated
28/2	Transcription of field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada
13/2	Field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada, much shorthand	1949
28/3	Transcription of field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada
13/3	Field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada, much shorthand	1950
28/4	Transcription of field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada
13/4	Field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada, much shorthand	1950
28/5	Transcription of field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada
13/5	Field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada, some shorthand	1950
28/6	Transcription of field research notebook, Iroquois at Caughnawauga, Ontario, Canada
13/6	Field research notebook, Blackfeet, mostly shorthand	1956
28/7	Transcription of field research notebook, Blackfeet
13/7	Field interview notebook, Crow	1939-07-08 - 1939-07-20
13/8	Field interview notebook, Crow	1939-08-12 - 1939-08-17
13/9	Field research notebook, Crow, no shorthand	1986
13/10	Field research notebook, Crow, no shorthand	1987
14/1	Field research notebook supplement, Crow, no shorthand	1987
14/2	Field research notebook, Crow	1993

Series IV: Crow language research , undatedReturn to Top

1.0 linear feet

This series includes a small amount of language research notes from secondary sources, but the bulk of the series consists of handwritten and typed cards with a word or phrase in English and the corresponding Crow word or phrase with pronunciation markings.

This series is arranged alphabetically by the English word or the significant word in a phrase.

Container(s)	Description	Dates
Box/Folder
14/3	Crow language research notes	undated
14/4	Language cards with multiple words and phrases	undated
14/5	"A"	undated
14/6	"B"	undated
14/7	"C"	undated
14/8	"D"	undated
14/9	"E"	undated
14/10	"F"	undated
15/1	"G"	undated
15/2	"H"	undated
15/3	"I"	undated
15/4	"J"	undated
15/5	"K"	undated
15/6	"L"	undated
15/7	"M"	undated
15/8	"N"	undated
15/9	"O"	undated
15/10	"P"	undated
15/11	"Q"	undated
15/12	"R"	undated
16/1	"S"	undated
16/2	"T"	undated
16/3	"T"	undated
16/4	"U"	undated
16/5	"W"	undated
16/6	"Y"	undated

Series V: Writings , 1935-1996Return to Top

2.3 linear feet

This series includes some of Voget's undergraduate papers, working drafts of articles and book chapters, and copies of published articles. The drafts preceded published works and probably a planned history of the Crow Indians that was not published at the time of processing.

This series is arranged in rough chronological order within the categories of term papers, drafts, and published works.

Container(s)	Description	Dates
Box/Folder
16/7	Three copies of term paper for History of Social Thought class	1935
16/8	Copy of term paper for History of Social Thought class	1935
17/1	Paper for Main Currents of European Thought class	1936
17/2	Analysis of social theorists for Contemporary Social Theories class	1937
17/3	Notes for lecture or article on perspective and focus in anthropology	undated
27/1	Dissertation, The Diffusion of the Wind River Shoshone Sundance to the Crow Indians of Montana	1948
17/4	Broad Crow article outline	undated
17/5	Drafts of article or chapter on Crow Arrow Throw	1946
17/6	Retyped or revised draft of "Social Life of the Crow Arrow Throwing Game"	undated
17/7	Draft of article, "William Big Day: A Crow Innovator"	1946
17/8	Draft of article "Anthropological Theory and Iroquois Ethnology	undated
17/9	Draft of article or lecture entitled "The Status of American Indian Women: A Comparison of Crow and Iroquois Women"	undated
17/10	Draft of Voget introduction to later printing of Blankets and Moccasins, originally published in 1933	undated
17/11	Notes for lecture or article on Crow Indians and Sun Dance	undated
17/12	Draft of table of contents, notes, and bibliography for The Shoshoni-Crow Sun Dance	undated
17/13	Early chapter outline for The Shoshoni-Crow Sun Dance	undated
17/14	Notes and partial draft of Chapter 6 of The Shoshoni-Crow Sun Dance	undated
17/15	Some chapter drafts for The Shoshoni-Crow Sun Dance	undated
17/16	Index for The Shoshoni-Crow Sun Dance, A-N	undated
17/17	Index for The Shoshon-Crow Sun Dance, O-Z	undated
18/1	Organizing notes for They Call Me Agnes	undated
18/2	Handwritten article or chapter, "Crow Mythology and the Creator"	undated
18/3	Letter from Enciclopedia Italiana	1986
18/4	Draft of "Anthropology and Ethnology" for Enciclopedia Italiana	1988
18/5	Article on Crow for publication in Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13	1987
18/6	Notebook, possible organizing notes for manuscript	undated
18/7	Drafts of chapters on Crow origins for history of Crow manuscript	1991
18/8	Draft of chapters of Crow worldview for history of Crow manuscript	undated
18/9	Drafts of chapter on Crow religion for manuscript on history of Crow	undated
18/10	Drafts of chapter, "Religion in Crow Indian Culture and Culture History"	1989, 1990, 1994, undated
19/1	Rough draft of chapter, "Crow Culture History"	undated
19/2	Draft of chapter, "Crow Origins"	1991 and undated
19/3	Draft of chapter, "Sacred Design of Hidatsa Society and Culture"	1991 and undated
19/4	"Work copies" of chapter, "Crow Culture"	undated
19/5	Draft of chapter, "Historic Crow Culture"	undated
19/6	Draft of chapter, "Reservation Culture"	undated
19/7	Drafts and correspondence in regard to Voget's introduction to reprint of Old Man Coyote by Frank Bird Linderman	1995
19/8	Abstract, "Were the Crow Indians Conservationists?"	undated
19/9	Article or chapter on Arapahoe culture	undated
19/10	Bibliography for unnamed manuscript	undated
19/11	One page note on paper about Crow ceremonial rights	undated
20/1	Bibliography of published articles by Voget	undated
20/2	Article titled "The Folk Society - An Anthropological Application"	1954
20/3	Article titled "Forgotten Forerunners of Anthropology"	undated
20/4	Article titled "Anthropology and Sociology"	undated
20/5	Article titled "Man and Culture: An Essay in Changing Anthropological Interpretations"	1960
20/6	Article titled "American Indian Reformations and Acculturation"	1960
20/7	Article titled "Reform und Akkomadation: Unter Amerikanischen Indianern"	undated
20/8	Article titled "Comment on Robert K. Thomas' "The Redbird Smith Movement"	1961
20/9	Article, "Progress, Science, History, and Evolution in 18th and 19th Century Anthropology"	1967
20/10	Article titled "Anthropology in the Age of Enlightenment: Progress and Utopian Functionalism"	1968
20/11	Article titled, "A Six Nations' Diary, 1891-1894"	1969
20/12	Article titled, "The History of Cultural Anthropology"	1974
20/13	Article titled "Reflections on Acculturation Processes and Stages: A Reply to Deward E. Walker, Jr."	1976
20/14	Academic Encyclopedia articles	undated
20/15	Entry on Franz Boas in Dictionary of Scientific Biography	undated
20/16	Article titled "Cultural Change and the American Indian"	undated
20/17	Article titled "Sacred Numerology and Management of the Universe by the Crow Indians"	undated
20/18	Article titled "Warfare and the Integration of Crow Indian Culture"	undated
20/19	Article titled "The Reservation Community as an Interactional System"	undated
20/20	Review titled "Ethnoscience Versus the Survey: Steps for Gathering Data"	1980
20/21	Article titled "The Crow Indian Give-Away"	1987
20/22	Article titled "Religion in Crow Indian Culture and Culture History"	1996
20/23	"Before the Indian Claims Commission: Docket Nos. 106 and 107: Osage Research Report," (missing title page, page 1, and bibliographic reference pages 357-371)	1946, 1966

Series VI: Photos , 1939-1989Return to Top

2.5 linear feet

This series includes Voget's photos, slides, and some negatives taken throughout his research. The bulk of the photos chronicle Crow activities such as the sun dance and arrow throw, feasts, and giveaways. A smaller number of photos are of specific individuals significant to Crow history and/or Voget's research. Another small group of photos pertain to Native American artifacts, the Shoshoni sun dance, and to Mohawk and other Six Nations groups. Most of the photos are very usable with the exception of photos 25/75 through 25/89, which are out of focus. Original photo captions and photo groupings were maintained where they existed. Otherwise, the photos in this series are arranged in rough thematic and chronological order. The slides are grouped at the end of this series.

In 2012, additional or corrected information for some photographs and context about places and events was provided by Aaron Brien, a member of the Apsaalooke Nation, in consultation with other members of the Nation. This information was added with the preface [From Aaron Brien]. When a date was corrected, the correct date was placed in the date field.

Digital copies of the materials in Box 20/Folder 30 through Box 26 are available online at https://umt.box.com/v/Mss318FredWVogetPapers. These digital copies were created in 2009 and are meant for reference only.

Container(s)		Description	Dates
Box/Folder
20/24		Photocopies of Crow photos from various publications	undated
20/25		Negatives of pictures and maps from various publications	undated
20/26		Color copies and photocopies of photos used in They Call Me Agnes	undated
20/27		Negative strips relevant to They Call Me Agnes	circa 1980s
20/28		Negative strips from photos used in They Call Me Agnes	circa 1980s
20/29		Negative strips relevant to They Call Me Agnes	undated
	photo_number
20/30	318(VI):001	Joy, daughter of Robert Yellowtail and Agnes	undated
20/31	318(VI):002	Danny and dance troupe [From Aaron Brien] Standing: Tom Yellow Tail, Reginald Laubin. Sitting: Joseph Medicine Crow, Donnie Deernose, Henry Old Coyote.	undated
20/32	318(VI):003	Agnes used in They Call Me Agnes [From Aaron Brien] Agnes Yellow Tail Deer Nose.	undated
20/33	318(VI):004	Yellowtail family [From Aaron Brien] Left to Right: Tom Yellow Tail, Carson Yellow Tail, Robert Yellow Tail, Lizzie (mother), Amy, and Agnes Yellow Tail.	circa 1930
20/34	318(VI):005	Agnes's father, Hawk with Yellow Tail	undated
20/35	318(VI):006	Amy, Agnes's sister	undated
20/36	318(VI):007		circa 1920
20/37	318(VI):008	Agnes's mother at age 100 [From Aaron Brien] Lizzie Yellow Tail at age 100, mother to Agnes Yellow Tail Deer Nose.	undated
20/38	318(VI):009	Two rows of Crow women in traditional dress [From Aaron Brien] Amy Yellowtail the sister to Agnes Yellowtail Deernose. Amy was married to John White Man.	undated
20/39	318(VI):010	Crow boarding school, Crow Agency, Montana	1894
20/40	318(VI):011	Crow Shoshoni Sun Dance, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] This sundance photo is of the first sundance held among the Apsaalooke people since 1875.	1941
20/41	318(VI):012	Tripod reminder of Sun Dance, Pryor, Montana, June	1941
20/42	318(VI):013	John Truhujo praying for dancers to give them strength, Pryor, Montana	1941
20/43	318(VI):014	Tripod frame with buffalo head, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] These sacred items will be put on the "center pole" of the sundance lodge.	1941
20/44	318(VI):015	Tripod frame with buffalo head, Pryor, Montana	1941
21/1	318(VI):016	"Baby cave" at Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Baby Cave (Baakaatitshiwishe or baby footprints.) Pryor, Montana. This place is located right behind where the Baptist Church is today.	undated
21/2	318(VI):017	Henry Big Day with daughter, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] The bundle in the background can be hanging outside for a number of reasons that only the owner may know.	1939
21/3	318(VI):018	Medicine bundle belonging to Henry Big Day's father-in-law hung on west side of house, Pryor, Montana	undated
21/4	318(VI):019	Picnic in the Big Horn Mountains, WY	July 4, 1940
21/5	318(VI):020	Portion of the Medicine Wheel, Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming [From Aaron Brien] A portion of Bighorn medicine wheel.	July 4, 1940
21/6	318(VI):021	Main business section of Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] The Apsaalooke refer to Pryor, Montana, as "Baahpuua" (They Shoot the Rock). This area has many names, this is most common.	1939
21/7	318(VI):022	Main business section of Pryor, Montana	1939
21/8	318(VI):023	Wolf Mountains near Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] The Apsaalooke refer to the Wolf Mountains as "Cheetish" (Wolf's Teeth) or "Aluuwiluttuua" (Where They Get Red Clay).	1941
21/9	318(VI):024	Medicine Wheel, Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming	July 4, 1940
21/10	318(VI):025	Medicine Wheel, Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming	July 4, 1940
21/11	318(VI):026	Medicine Wheel, Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming	July 4, 1940
21/12	318(VI):027	Unidentified building [From Aaron Brien] Round Hall in Crow Agency Montana. Apsaalooke call this building "Awaasuuchichiaxa" (Round House). It was built in the 1930's. It was torn down around 2006.	1940
21/13	318(VI):028	Cemetery [From Aaron Brien] Cemetery at the Little Bighorn Battle Site. This is not a cemetery but rather the markers of where bodies were found.	undated
21/14	318(VI):029	Scenic view	undated
21/15	318(VI):030	Woman holding baby at Crow Fair	1940
21/16	318(VI):031	Man holding baby at Crow Fair	1940
21/17	318(VI):032	Crow camp scene [From Aaron Brien] this picture was taken at the Annual Crow Fair.	1940
21/18	318(VI):033	Chief Holds-the-Enemy wearing Hudson Bay coat [From Aaron Brien] Holds-the-Enemy wearing Hudson Bay coat. Holds the enemy was not a Chief but he was a respected elder among the Apsaalooke. His father, Pretty Eagle, was a Chief.	1939
21/19	318(VI):034	Chief Holds-the-Enemy, Prior, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Holds-the-Enemy was not a Chief but he was a respected elder among the Apsaalooke. His father, Pretty Eagle, was a Chief.	1939
21/20	318(VI):035	Camp views of annual Crow Fair	1939
21/21	318(VI):036	Camp views of annual Crow Fair	1939
21/22	318(VI):037	Folka Lefthand combing her hair, Crow Fair	1939
21/23	318(VI):038	Camp view at annual Crow Fair	1939
21/24	318(VI):039	Women with children, Crow Fair	1940
21/25	318(VI):040	Women with children, Crow Fair	1940
21/26	318(VI):041	Eating at the annual Crow Fair	1939
21/27	318(VI):042	Eating at the annual Crow Fair	1939
21/28	318(VI):043	Ruth Backbone and Elaine Mikalson at Crow Fair [From Aaron Brien] Ruth Backbone would later be known as "Ruth Alden."	1940
21/29	318(VI):044	Two men observing fair	1940
21/30	318(VI):045	Two men and child on bench	1940
21/31	318(VI):046	Man in traditional dress	1940
21/32	318(VI):047	Pete Lefthand at Crow Fair	1939
21/33	318(VI):048	Camp scene	undated
21/34	318(VI):049	Camp scene	undated
21/35	318(VI):050	Unidentified family eating	undated
21/36	318(VI):051	Man and children in camp area at Crow Fair [From Aaron Brien] Pete Left Hand and child at camp during Crow Fair.	1939
21/37	318(VI):052	Teepee [From Aaron Brien] Little Nest's Painted Teepee. This Teepee most likely belonged to Little Nest. He was known for the feather figures on the outside of his teepee opposite of the door. He received this from a vision during a fasting some years before. These feathers are known as "Feather Flag."	1940
21/38	318(VI):053	Three men on horseback facing camera	circa 1940
21/39	318(VI):054	Henry Big Day and horse at Crow Fair	undated
21/40	318(VI):055	Henry Big Day and horse at Crow Fair	undated
21/41	318(VI):056	Henry Big Day and horse at Crow Fair	undated
21/42	318(VI):057	Henry Big Day and horse at Crow Fair	undated
21/43	318(VI):058	Henry Big Day at Crow Fair	undated
21/44	318(VI):059	Henry Big Day and unknown man on horseback at Crow Fair	undated
21/45	318(VI):060	Horse with fancy bridle and breast plate for Crow Fair parade	1940
21/46	318(VI):061	Assembling for the Crow Fair parade in Northeast section of camp, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Northeast section of the camp.	1939
21/47	318(VI):062	Assembling for the Crow Fair parade [From Aaron Brien] Northeast section of the camp. Closer view.	1939
21/48	318(VI):063	Crow Fair parade [From Aaron Brien] Robert Yellowtail.	August 1940
21/49	318(VI):064	Crow Fair parade	1940
21/50	318(VI):065	Gathering for costume judging at Crow Fair	1939
21/51	318(VI):066	Line of men on horseback in traditional clothing	undated
21/52	318(VI):067	Crow Fair parade [From Aaron Brien] Robert Yellowtail.	undated
21/53	318(VI):068	Crow Fair parade	undated
21/54	318(VI):069	Crow Fair parade passing on	1939
21/55	318(VI):070	Crow Fair parade passing on	1939
21/56	318(VI):071	Two men on horseback with American flag, teepees in background	undated
21/57	318(VI):072	Men on horseback carrying flag	undated
21/58	318(VI):073	Crow Fair, Crow Agency, Montana	1939
21/59	318(VI):074	Parade at Crow Fair [From Aaron Brien] Robert Yellowtail.	1940
21/60	318(VI):075	Raising teepee at Crow Fair	1940
21/61	318(VI):076	Henry Big Day at Crow Fair	undated
21/62	318(VI):077	Herb Reed at Crow Fair	1940
21/63	318(VI):078	Reed kids and Thelma in camp at Crow Fair	1940
21/64	318(VI):079	Three children at Crow Fair	circa 1940
21/65	318(VI):080	Small girl in traditional Crow dress, Crow Fair	circa 1940
21/66	318(VI):081	Suzy Yellowtail in bone elk tooth dress	undated
21/67	318(VI):082	Henry Big Day in traditional clothing with pinto horse	1940
21/68	318(VI):083	Henry Big Day on pinto	1940
21/69	318(VI):084	Camp scene with meat drying on pole at Crow Fair, Crow Agency, Montana	1939
21/70	318(VI):085	Camp scene with woman and child in foreground	undated
21/71	318(VI):086	Crow teepees with ramada-type shelter at Crow Fair, Crow Agency, Montana	1939
21/72	318(VI):087	Crow teepees with ramada-type shelter at Crow Fair, Crow Agency, Montana	1939
21/73	318(VI):088	Crow teepees, Crow Agency, Montana	1940
21/74	318(VI):089	Teepee [From Aaron Brien] Painted teepee. Possibly Little Nest's teepee.	undated
21/75	318(VI):090	Teepee	undated
21/76	318(VI):091	Teepee	undated
21/77	318(VI):092	Crow teepees	undated
21/78	318(VI):093	Teepee and cars, Crow Fair	1940
21/79	318(VI):094	Child's play teepee, Crow	1939
21/80	318(VI):095	Old Cree madwoman, Yellow-woman (Mrs. Ball), Ball, and Joe Turns Back, Pryor, Montana	1939
21/81	318(VI):096	Crow women at Crow Fair [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke Women	August 1939
21/82	318(VI):097	Women and children under canopy, Crow Fair	1940
21/83	318(VI):098	View of Crow Fair camp	1940
21/84	318(VI):099	View of Crow Fair camp	1940
21/85	318(VI):100	View of Crow Fair camp	1940
21/86	318(VI):101	View of Crow Fair camp	1940
21/87	318(VI):102	View of Crow Fair camp	1940
21/88	318(VI):103	View of Crow Fair camp	1940
21/89	318(VI):104	View of Crow Fair camp	1940
21/90	318(VI):105	Returning war party at Crow Fair [From Aaron Brien] It is the Apsaalooke belief that, when a Clan Father makes a "good wish" for the clan child it will come true. The praise song is one way of making that wish.	1939
22/1	318(VI):106	Remnants of fort build by Cheyenne about five miles from Lodge Grass, Montana	undated
22/2	318(VI):107	War lodge, presumably left by Piegan	1941
22/3	318(VI):108	War lodge, presumably left by Piegan	1941
22/4	318(VI):109	Gathering, possibly for feast	undated
22/5	318(VI):110	Three boys at Crow Fair	1939
22/6	318(VI):111	Looking out over North Fork of Lodge Grass Creek, Montana	1941
22/7	318(VI):112	Teepee Pole Springs in the Big Horn Mountains	1941
22/8	318(VI):113	Inspecting marriage gifts [From Aaron Brien] It is Apsaalooke custom to give gifts to the newly married couple. An Apsaalooke mother will give a teepee and new dress as well as many household goods. This is a custom that is still practiced.	1940
22/9	318(VI):114	Hartford Whitehip's marriage, inspecting gift of groom and bride's parents and kin, Lodge Grass, Montana	1940
22/10	318(VI):115	Whitehip marriage goods displayed, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Gloria's Apsaalooke name was Weasel Song "Utteiishuhe." This was given to her by the well-respected Pryor Montana elder Plainfeather.	1940
22/11	318(VI):116	Gloria Goes Ahead, Crow bride, with wedding gifts, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Gloria was born in 1931 making her 9 years old in 1940. Gloria was married in 1950; [From Archives] The Gloria Goes Ahead photographs were dated by an earlier processor as 1940.	1950
22/12	318(VI):117	Gloria Goes Ahead, Crow bride, inspecting wedding gifts	1950
22/13	318(VI):118	Crow bride and young groom (Gloria Goes Ahead and Barnard Cummins) with wedding presents [From Aaron Brien] Bernard and Gloria Cummins looking at a "wedding gift horse."	1950
22/14	318(VI):119	Possible wedding gift display	undated
22/15	318(VI):120	View of house, barn, and corrals, Pryor, Montana	1941
22/16	318(VI):121	View of house, barn, and corrals, Pryor, Montana	1941
22/17	318(VI):122	Tobacco garden, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Tobacco Garden fence. This Ceremony is called Oopawuussiio, "Putting tobacco in." To be involved in the Tobacco gardens one must be a member of the Tobacco Society "Baasshussuua."	May 30, 1941
22/18	318(VI):123a	Tobacco garden 6 days after planting, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] View From inside the Tobacco Garden six days after planting.	May 30, 1941
22/18	318(VI):123b	Tobacco garden 6 days after planting, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] View From inside the Tobacco Garden six days after planting.	May 30, 1941
22/19	318(VI):124	Woman cleaning hide with elkhorn adze, grandmother with child	1940
22/20	318(VI):125	Woman staking hide down [From Aaron Brien] Unknown woman nailing hide down.	1940
22/21	318(VI):126	Woman working on tanning hide, Lodge Grass, Montana	1940
22/22	318(VI):127	Woman tanning hide, Lodge Grass, Montana 1940
22/23	318(VI):128	Hide stretched between pegs for tanning	1939
22/24	318(VI):129	Hide stretched between pegs for tanning	1939
22/25	318(VI):130	Woman-on-top-of-the-ground demonstrates fleshing of deer hide	1941
22/26	318(VI):131	Woman-on-top-of-the-ground softens hide by scraping	1941
22/27	318(VI):132	Two unidentified women	undated
22/28	318(VI):133	Two people [From Aaron Brien] Two unidentified people getting rest inside the Sundance lodge.	undated
22/29	318(VI):134	Crow child in parade dress on black and white pinto [From Aaron Brien] Unidentified Apsaalooke girl on black and white pinto parade horse.	1940
22/30	318(VI):135	Crow child in parade dress on dark-colored horse [From Aaron Brien] Unidentified Apsaalooke girl on sorrel parade horse.	1940
22/31	318(VI):136	Crow feast after giveaway [From Aaron Brien] It is common after any Apsaalooke "doings" to have a feed, as seen here.	1940
22/32	318(VI):137	Dancing fraternity in background and circle of men playing hand games in foreground [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke Hot Dancers and singers, with children watching in foreground. The Voget description states these men are dancing and a group of men are playing handgames. It was mistaken. Singers were taken for handgame players.	1940
22/33	318(VI):138	Eddie Roundface signaling in Handgame, Pryor [From Aaron Brien] This a game played only in the winter. It is a Apsaalooke taboo to play this game during the summer months.	circa 1939-1940
22/34	318(VI):139	Yellow Face and Holds-the-Enemy at Crow Fair [From Aaron Brien] Yellow Face in this image may be "Half Yellow Face" who was best known for his role as a scout for the 7th Calvary. But he himself was what the Apsaalooke refer to as "Pipe Carrier" commonly known as a war leader. Holds-the-Enemy was the son of respected Chief Pretty Eagle.	August 1939
22/35	318(VI):140	Holds-the-Enemy on horseback at crow Fair	1939
22/36	318(VI):141	Branding on Reed farm, Arliss Whiteman	undated
22/37	318(VI):142	Branding by Yellowtail, the Crow Superintendent	undated
22/38	318(VI):143	Branding	undated
22/39	318(VI):144	Gathering poles for sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Two unidentified men near unused sweat lodge, Crow Reservation This description says "Gathering poles for sundance lodge. But in folder 7 of box 22 this same picture states "Teepee Pole Springs in the Big Horn Mountains." It is important to note that Tipi Pole Springs and Crow Agency are not close to each other.	1941
22/40	318(VI):145	Gathering poles for sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Getting ready to construct the Sundance lodge, Crow Agency. From looking at the negative this is not gathering poles for the sundance but it is sundance related. This is known as "aweeleennissuua" or "Bitaalasshia paaxaau". This is a ceremony done right before the Sundance.	1941
22/41	318(VI):146	Gathering poles for sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Getting ready to construct the Sundance lodge. This picture looks like the same event as folder 40.	1941
22/42	318(VI):147	Gathering poles for sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Unidentified men talking, the "center pole" lying on the ground, Crow Agency. This picture looks like the same event as folder 40.	1941
22/43	318(VI):148	Gathering poles for sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke men getting ready to raise the Center Pole, Crow Agency. This picture is of the "Raising of the center pole".	1941
22/44	318(VI):149	Gathering poles for sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Construction of the Sundance Lodge, Crow Agency. This was only the second sundance among the Apsaalooke since 1875. The first being in Pryor, Montana, one month before.	1941
22/45	318(VI):150	Charlie Ten/bear talks with signs while Truhujo listens, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/46	318(VI):151	Loading poles for sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Loading the "Center Pole" Crow Agency, Montana. The sponger for this sundance was Gus Other Medicine and the Sundance Chief was John Truhujo.	1941
22/47	318(VI):152	Truck dragging wagon with poles, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/48	318(VI):153	Slender pole draped with material, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/49	318(VI):154	Tripod in foreground, seated people in background, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/50	318(VI):155	Woodpile which lay south of the buffalo head, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/51	318(VI):156	Preparing center pole, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Unknown men preparing the center pole to be raised, Crow Agency, Montana.	1941
22/52	318(VI):157	Preparation of sun dance lodge center pole, Charlie Ten/bear in immediate foreground, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/53	318(VI):158	Charlie Ten/bear gesturing, Truhujo visible, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/54	318(VI):159	Messenger eagle marking center pole location, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Stuffed eagle that is going to be placed on the Center pole, Crow Agency. The Apsaalooke say that the eagle is placed on the Center pole to represent freedom. The eagle has no boundaries. As well as the Apsaalooke belief that all birds carry our prayers to the Creator.	1941
22/55	318(VI):160	Messenger eagle resting on cottonwood foliage frame pointed to sun, marking location of center pole, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/56	318(VI):161	Messenger eagle	undated
22/57	318(VI):162	Ready to attach buffalo head to center pole, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/58	318(VI):163	Attaching buffalo head to center pole, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] The Center pole has three main objects attached to it. The Buffalo head, Eagle and a Bundle of willows. The Center pole also has three or four black lines at the base marking the length of the dance.	1941
22/59	318(VI):164	Raising center pole at Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/60	318(VI):165	Raising the center pole	undated
22/61	318(VI):166	Raising center pole for sun dance	1940
22/62	318(VI):167	Raising center pole for sun dance	1941
22/63	318(VI):168	Raising center pole for sun dance	1940
22/64	318(VI):169	Stabilizing center pole for sun dance	1941
22/65	318(VI):170	Stages in lodge construction for Crow sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/66	318(VI):171	Stages in lodge construction for Crow sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/67	318(VI):172	Constructing sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/68	318(VI):173	Center pole with buffalo head, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/69	318(VI):174	Center pole with buffalo head, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/70	318(VI):175	Center pole with buffalo head, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
22/71	318(VI):176	Men waiting in and by truck, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke Hot Dancers in back of pickup truck. It looks like these dancers are getting ready to take part in the Crow Fair Parade.	1941
22/72	318(VI):177	Early sun dance lodge construction, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] At this point the sundance lodge is almost up. They are putting up the rafter poles of which there are 12, to represent the 12 new moons of the year.	1941
23/1	318(VI):178	Structure of sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/2	318(VI):179	Distant view of empty sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Distant view of the Sundance lodge shortly after the dance is over.	1941
23/3	318(VI):180	Distant view of occupied sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] This picture looks like it was taken on the "painting day" which is the most important day of the dance.	1941
23/4	318(VI):181	Very distant view of sun dance lodge, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/5	318(VI):182	Dancers sitting around tree singing sacred songs during sunrise ceremony, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Sunrise Ceremony. At sunrise every morning of the dance, the dancers wake just before the sun rises and they greet it as it comes up. Then they sit down and sing four sacred songs that can never be changed. These songs were given to the people by a buffalo bull.	1941
23/6	318(VI):183	Dancers seated around center pole [From Aaron Brien] Sunrise Ceremony.	undated
23/7	318(VI):184	Dancers seated around center pole [From Aaron Brien] Sunrise Ceremony.	undated
23/8	318(VI):185	Crow sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/9	318(VI):186	Crow sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/10	318(VI):187	Curing at Crow sun dance, Crow Agency [From Aaron Brien] Doctoring day at Crow Agency sundance. This is done on the second day and the public is welcome to come and get prayed for.	August 1941
23/11	318(VI):188	Curing at sun dance [From Aaron Brien] Doctoring day at Crow Agency sundance.	August 1941
23/12	318(VI):189	Crow sun dancers dancing to and from center pole, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Dancing to the pole.	1941
23/13	318(VI):190	Dancers dancing to and from center pole [From Aaron Brien] Dancing to the pole.	undated
23/14	318(VI):191	Dancers dancing to and from center pole [From Aaron Brien] Dancing to the pole.	undated
23/15	318(VI):192	Dancers near center pole [From Aaron Brien] Dancing to the pole.	undated
23/16	318(VI):193	John Truhujo doctoring Charlie Horse at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/17	318(VI):194	John Truhujo doctoring Charlie Horse at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/18	318(VI):195	John Truhujo doctoring Charlie Horse at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/19	318(VI):196	Man watches as John Truhujo doctors Charlie Horse at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/20	318(VI):197	John Truhujo doctoring Charlie Horse at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/21	318(VI):198	John Truhujo doctoring Charlie Horse at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/22	318(VI):199	John Truhujo doctoring Charlie Horse at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/23	318(VI):200	John Truhujo doctoring, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/24	318(VI):201	John Truhujo in prayerful attitude after doctoring, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/25	318(VI):202	Man and child at center pole in sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/26	318(VI):203	John Truhujo doctoring old men, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/27	318(VI):204	Old men at center pole, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/28	318(VI):205	Truhujo, woman, and other, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/29	318(VI):206	Truhujo doctoring old men, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/30	318(VI):207	Truhujo doctoring child at Crow sun dance	1941
23/31	318(VI):208	People moving toward sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] I feel it is important to note that the Sundance is a public event and it is not uncommon for people to be spectating solely for the sake of watching.	undated
23/32	318(VI):209	Photo focused on male clothing at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] In this picture you can see the dancers sundance necklace. This is the dancers individual medicine "power." Many dancers wear them on the "medicine day."	1941
23/33	318(VI):210	Two men at center pole in sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/34	318(VI):211	Crowd at Crow sun dance [From Aaron Brien] The reason for the big crowd at the entrance of the lodge is, this was the first sundance ever held at the agency of the reservation.	1941
23/35	318(VI):212	Tom Compton, Wind River Shoshoni, strengthening dancers, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/36	318(VI):213	Tom Compton, Wind River Shoshoni, strengthening dancers, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Tom Compton never did run a sundance on the Crow Reservation until 1942 and more than likely it was among the Pryor people. So the date on the description cannot be right.	1941
23/37	318(VI):214	Crow sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Truhujo praying for people, Crow Agency.	August 1941
23/38	318(VI):215	Crow sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Second Day of the Crow Agency sundance. On this day the public is welcome to come in and have the blessings of the lodge and the prayers of the sundance chief.	1941
23/39	318(VI):216	Crow sun dancers, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/40	318(VI):217	Crow sun dancers, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/41	318(VI):218	Crow sun dancers, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/42	318(VI):219	Crow sun dancers, Crow Agency, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Dancers being doctored.	1941
23/43	318(VI):220	Crow sun dance spectators, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/44	318(VI):221	Dancers and others gathered before center pole	undated
23/45	318(VI):222	Pete Lefthand on hill overlooking Crow encampment near Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Pete Left Hand overlooking sundance camp in Pryor, Montana.	June 18-24, 1941
23/46	318(VI):223	Pete Lefthand standing with Campbell Big Hail, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/47	318(VI):224	Pete Lefthand standing with Campbell Big Hail, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/48	318(VI):225	John Truhujo conferring with Crow coup strikers at sun dance, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/49	318(VI):226	Charlie Tenbear armed with coupstick for striking coup on the sun dance timbers, Crow Agency, Montana	1941
23/50	318(VI):227	Sun dance sweat lodge [From Aaron Brien] Sundancers in shade. This is not a sweat lodge. This is just inside of the Sundance lodge and the sheets or blankets are up for shade during times of rest.	undated
23/51	318(VI):228	Resting after sunrise greeting, Shoshoni drum in foreground, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/52	318(VI):229	Blurred photo of sun dance, possibly sunrise ceremony	undated
23/53	318(VI):230	Jack Covers-up [From Aaron Brien] Jack Covers up was a well-known Akbaaalahooniliia "One who talks load at groups" or "Camp Crier". He was from the Lodge Grass District.	undated
23/54	318(VI):231	Jack Covers-up and Little Nest at sun dance, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Jack Covers up (Lodge Grass) and Little Nest (Wyola), at Pryor sundance.	June 1941
23/55	318(VI):232	Jack Covers-up (Lodge Grass) and Little Nest (Wyola) speaking with sign language (Little Nest is deaf) at sun dance, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Jack Covers up (Lodge Grass) and Little Nest (Wyola), at Pryor sundance.	June 1941
23/56	318(VI):233	Jack Covers-up and Little Nest speaking sign language, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Jack Covers up (Lodge Grass) and Little Nest (Wyola), at Pryor sundance.	June 1941
23/57	318(VI):234	Little Nest posing, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Little Nest was the owner of a very well respected Rock Medicine Bundle. Known as "Iise-shoobaa" or "Four Faces". Now owned by his grandson Marvin Stewart.	1941
23/58	318(VI):235	Little Nest smoking to the sun before breakfast, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/59	318(VI):236	Little Nest smoking to the sun before breakfast, Pryor, Montana	1941
23/60	318(VI):237	Tobacco Lodge, Little Nest (L) smoking pipe [From Aaron Brien] Tobacco Adoption Lodge "Ashchitchee". The Tobacco Society is a group of people whose job is to plant tobacco as a part of the revitalization of the Apsaalooke. One must be adopted into this society.	undated
23/61	318(VI):238	Tobacco lodge [From Aaron Brien] Tobacco Society Adoption Lodge "Ashchitchee". Inside view. From looking at this image it appears that the woman is being adopted into Baasshussuua "Tobacco Society". Baasshussheelaakbisuua "Tobacco Dance Adoption."	1939
23/62	318(VI):239	Tobacco lodge [From Aaron Brien] Tobacco Society Adoption Lodge "Ashchitchee". Inside view.	1939
23/63	318(VI):240	Tobacco lodge [From Aaron Brien] Tobacco Society Adoption Lodge "Ashchitchee". Inside view.	1939
23/64	318(VI):241	Tobacco lodge [From Aaron Brien] Tobacco Society Adoption Lodge "Ashchitchee". Inside view.	1939
23/65	318(VI):242	Tobacco lodge [From Aaron Brien] Tobacco Society Adoption Lodge "Ashchitchee". Inside view. Second lady from left looks like Mabel Pretty on Top.	1939
23/66	318(VI):243	Hand game	1940
23/67	318(VI):244	Hand game, White Arm in center turned right, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Visiting White Arm.	1940
23/68	318(VI):245	Hand game, White Arm in center facing forward, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Visiting White Arm.	1940
23/69	318(VI):246	Hand game, White Arm in center, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] White Arm and Blake Whiteman to his right. Blake Whiteman was sometimes called Blake Packs the Hat.	1940
23/70	318(VI):247	White Arm, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] White Arm, Lodge Grass, Montana. Lodge Grass named a park after him. "White Arm Park"	1940
23/71	318(VI):248	Hand game, White Arm in center, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] White Arm playing hand game.	1940
23/72	318(VI):249	Hand game, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] White Arm and Jack Covers up to his far left.	1940
23/73	318(VI):250	Hand game, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Hand Game, Jack Covers Up. Jack Covers Up is sitting on the far left of the photo.	1941
23/74	318(VI):251	Hand game, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Hand Gamers posing.	1941
23/75	318(VI):252	Hand game participants [From Aaron Brien] Singers after hand game, 1941. More than likely they are singing a victory song after winning the hand game.	undated
23/76	318(VI):253	Crow dancers, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke Hot Dancers.	1941
23/77	318(VI):254	Crow fair, dancing fraternity and hand games, Pryor [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke Hot Dancers and Drum Group.	1941
23/78	318(VI):255	Line of Crow dancers and small circle of men playing hand game, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke Dancers waiting for the next song, with singers in foreground.	1941
23/79	318(VI):256	Dancers	undated
23/80	318(VI):257	Honor dance and hand game, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Honor Dance following the Pryor sundance of William Big Day.	1941
24/1	318(VI):258	Dancers and hand game participants [From Archives] Crow sundance. Start of dance around camp prior to give away dance ending the festivities. [From Aaron Brien] Start of Honor dance around camp prior to the "Give away." Pryor, Montana.	June 17-20, 1941
24/2	318(VI):259	Eddie Roundface signals a right hand call in a hand game, Frank Hawk leaning over, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Eddie Round Face and Frank Hawk playing hand game. Eddie Round Face Guesses to the right and Frank Hawk is leaning over.	1941
24/3	318(VI):260	Pete Lefthand with his son, Anthony [From Aaron Brien] Pete Left Hand with his child Anthony Left Hand.	June 1941
24/4	318(VI):261	Unknown man [From Aaron Brien] Unknown Apsaalooke man, wearing a "Reservation Hat" which was the style during the early 1900's.	undated
24/5	318(VI):262	Three unknown men mostly in traditional dress [From Aaron Brien] Three unknown men. Do not appear to be Apsaalooke.	undated
24/6	318(VI):263	Sheridan, Wyoming rodeo parade [From Aaron Brien] Sheridan Indian Days Parade.	July 1941
24/7	318(VI):264	Sheridan, Wyoming rodeo parade [From Aaron Brien] Sheridan Indian Days Parade. Looks like Donnie Deer Nose.	July 1941
24/8	318(VI):265	Cheyenne Indians in Sheridan, Wyoming rodeo parade [From Aaron Brien] Cheyenne Indians in Sheridan Indian Days Parade. Sheridan Wyoming.	July 1941
24/9	318(VI):266	Sheridan, Wyoming rodeo parade [From Aaron Brien] Sheridan Indian Days Parade.	July 1941
24/10	318(VI):267	Sheridan, Wyoming rodeo parade [From Aaron Brien] Sheridan Indian Days Parade.	July 1941
24/11	318(VI):268	Sheridan, Wyoming rodeo parade [From Aaron Brien] Donnie Deer Nose, Col Tim McCoy and Supt, Robert Yellowtail. Sheridan Indian Days Parade.	July 1941
24/12	318(VI):269	Parade float [From Aaron Brien] Sheridan Indian Days Parade.	July 1941
24/13	318(VI):270	American Indian Days, Sheridan, Wyoming or Billings, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Three Apsaalooke people on horseback near camp. The one on the far right looks like Amy or Agnes Yellow Tail. Also it appears to be at Crow Fair in Crow Agency, Montana.	1940
24/14	318(VI):271	Voget's naming, St. Xavier, Montana	undated
24/15	318(VI):272	Katie Bear Below	undated
24/16	318(VI):273	Crow feast	circa 1939-1940
24/17	318(VI):274	Crow feast	circa 1939-1940
24/18	318(VI):275	Group enjoying outdoor meal, Lodge Grass, Montana	circa 1939-1940
24/19	318(VI):276	Cars and people, Lodge Grass, Montana	circa 1939-1940
24/20	318(VI):277	Unknown man giving away a horse [From Aaron Brien] There are two copies of this photograph in the folder. One is labeled 'Jack Covers-up, herald, announcing gift of horses during giveaway.' The other is labeled 'Pete Lefthand giving away a horse,' but in 2015 Fred Lefthand stated this is not an image of his father, Pete Lefthand.	circa 1939-1940
24/21	318(VI):278	Women sporting goods for giveaway, Lodge Grass, Montana	circa 1940
24/22	318(VI):279	War lodge reconstructed [From Aaron Brien] War lodge (Ashdaache) Reconstruction. Ashdaache "the lodge that leans." These are where warriors would stay during long extended war parties and raids.	circa 1939-1940
24/23	318(VI):280	Post office, Pryor, Montana	circa 1940s
24/24	318(VI):281	Hand game, Pryor, Montana	circa 1939-1940
24/25	318(VI):282	Hand game, Pryor, Montana	circa 1939-1940
24/26	318(VI):283	Hand game, Pryor, Montana	circa 1939-1940
24/27	318(VI):284	Hand game, Pryor, Montana	circa 1939-1940
24/28	318(VI):285	Crowd watching hand game	1939
24/29	318(VI):286	Summer shelter put up at Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Sweat lodge.	1939
24/30	318(VI):287	Crow sun dance [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke Sundancer praying at the center pole.	September 1948
24/31	318(VI):288	Joe Hill curing [From Aaron Brien] Joe Hill, the conductor of the sundance, doctoring a woman.	September 1948
24/32	318(VI):289	Jo Hill curing	September 1948
24/33	318(VI):290	At Crow sun dance [From Aaron Brien] Joe Hill using an eagle bone whistle to "suck" the sickness out of woman.	September 1948
24/34	318(VI):291	Shoshoni in street clothes at center pole, Washikie, WY	1948
24/35	318(VI):292	Early stage in lodge construction, Washakie, WY	1948
24/36	318(VI):293	Middle stage of lodge construction, Washakie, WY	1948
24/37	318(VI):294	Constructing Shoshoni sun dance area, Washakie, WY [From Aaron Brien] Early medicine day of the sundance. Fort Washakie. On this day helpers come inside the lodge to put up what people call "stalls" and these are starting gate like door ways that each dancer stands in while dancing. Used to help keep you up during long day ahead.	August 1948
24/38	318(VI):295	Shoshoni sun dance lodge, seated people, Washakie, WY	1948
24/39	318(VI):296	View of sun dance lodge with drum in foreground and dancers in background, Washakie, WY [From Aaron Brien] Sundance chief praying at the center pole. Fort Washakie, Wyoming.	1948
24/40	318(VI):297	Shoshoni drum, Washakie, WY [From Aaron Brien] Warming up the drum. Fort Washakie Wyoming. The drum is commonly made from the hide of a elk, buffalo, or even cattle. This hide absorbs moisture very well, in doing so they lose their sound. This the reason they set the drum in the sun for long periods of time, to regain the sound.	1948
24/41	318(VI):298	Drum in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Down time in the lodge, with drum in foreground	undated
24/42	318(VI):299	Shoshoni dancers gathered around fire after sunrise greeting, Washakie, WY	1948
24/43	318(VI):300	Shoshoni dancers gathered around consecrated fire, Washakie, WY [From Aaron Brien] Sunrise Ceremony. Fort Washakie, Wyoming.	August 1948
24/44	318(VI):301	Shoshoni dancers seated with blankets over shoulders, gathered around consecrated fire, Washakie, WY [From Aaron Brien] Sunrise Ceremony. Fort Washakie, Wyoming.	August 1948
24/45	318(VI):302	Shoshoni dancers pray to sun at sunrise, Washakie, WY [From Aaron Brien] Dancing the sun up, Fort Washakie Wyoming. This is the first step in the sunrise ceremony. Dancers are seated after the sun is completely up.	August 1948
24/46	318(VI):303	Shoshoni sun dance, Washakie, WY	1948
24/47	318(VI):304	Shoshoni dancer at center pole, Washakie, WY	1948
24/48	318(VI):305	Shoshoni dancer with woman and children at center pole, Washakie, WY [From Aaron Brien] Woman and children getting prayed for at center pole. Fort Washakie.	August 1948
24/49	318(VI):306	Shoshoni dancers and others at center pole, Washakie, WY	1948
24/50	318(VI):307	Shoshoni dancers with woman and other dancers at center pole, Washakie, WY	1948
24/51	318(VI):308	Shoshoni leaving sun dance area, Washakie, WY	1948
24/52	318(VI):309	Shoshoni dancers gathered, Washakie, WY	1948
24/53	318(VI):310	Distant view of Shoshoni sun dance lodge, Washakie, WY	1948
24/54	318(VI):311	Shoshoni dancers, Washakie, WY [From Aaron Brien] Dancers being doctored at Waskakie sundance. The man leaning over is more than likely using an eagle wing fan to touch the dancers and give them strength.	August 1948
24/55	318(VI):312	Unidentified man, Washakie, WY	1948
24/56	318(VI):313	Lynn St. Clair, Washakie, WY	1948
24/57	318(VI):314	Tony Lajeunesse, Washakie, WY	1948
24/58	318(VI):315	Two unidentified men, Washakie, WY	1948
24/59	318(VI):316	Al Childs, Crow [From Aaron Brien] Al Child in the mouth.	undated
24/60	318(VI):317	Paternal clansmen praying for dancers at end of sun dance, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Clan Fathers and Mothers praying for dancers at the end of the dance.	1975
24/61	318(VI):318	James Bear Below (r) and Ira Lefthand (l) at snack bar at sun dance, Lodge Grass, Montana	1975
24/62	318(VI):319	William Yellow Robe, Assiniboine, first recipient of Peter Lefthand Award	1986
24/63	318(VI):320	Feasting at sun dance giveaway, Melvin Lefthand, wife Gladys, and daughter	1987
24/64	318(VI):321	Sun dance giveaway	1987
24/65	318(VI):322	Hugh Little Owl, Ira and Melvin Left Hand, Clifford Whiteman, and Calvin Jefferson at giveaway following sun dance near Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/66	318(VI):323	Robert Yellowtail (L) and Tom Yellowtail (R) at sun dance giveaway [From Aaron Brien] Robert Yellow Tail (Summer) and Tom Yellow Tail (Medicine Rock Chief) at sundance Give Away. Lodge Grass.	June 1987
24/67	318(VI):324	Heather and Fredrica Lefthand	1987
24/68	318(VI):325	Heather, Frederick, and Fredrica Lefthand	1987
24/69	318(VI):326	Fredrica at age 16, junior in high school	undated
24/70	318(VI):327	Fredrica Lefthand being crowned 1991-1992 Montana State University PowWow Princess	1991
24/71	318(VI):328	Tshirgi cattle driven down through Frederick's place	1986
24/72	318(VI):329	Feast for clan uncle by Agnes, wife of Anthony Lefthand	1987
24/73	318(VI):330	Feast for clan uncle by Agnes, wife of Anthony Lefthand	1987
24/74	318(VI):331	Crowd at feast for clan uncle by Agnes, wife of Anthony Lefthand	1987
24/75	318(VI):332	Returning to clan uncle feast after putting out fire set by young boys with firecrackers, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/76	318(VI):333	Unidentified group eating, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/77	318(VI):334	Grandchildren of Annie Bear Below [From Aaron Brien] Grandchildren of Annie Bear Below?	undated
24/78	318(VI):335	Modern Crow cradleboard, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/79	318(VI):336	Waiting for a turn at the giveaway, Frederick and Ira Lefthand in the middle	1987
24/80	318(VI):337	Frederick seated with a picture of his father above [From Aaron Brien] Frederick Left Hand with a picture of his Father (Pete Lefthand) above.	1987
24/81	318(VI):338	Dexter Falls, Down and his wife [From Aaron Brien] Dexter Falls Down and Magdaline Little Nest.	1986
24/82	318(VI):339	Dexter Falls Down Family, Crow	1986
24/83	318(VI):340	Anthony, Agnes, and family at the district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/84	318(VI):341	District championship arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] District Championship Arrow Throwing. Lodge Grass, Montana.	June 1987
24/85	318(VI):342	Action at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/86	318(VI):343	District arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/87	318(VI):344	District arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/88	318(VI):345	District arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/89	318(VI):346	District arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/90	318(VI):347	View of arrows thrown at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/91	318(VI):348	View of arrows thrown at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/92	318(VI):349	Boy holding arrows at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Looks like Dean Don’t Mix.	1987
24/93	318(VI):350	Frederick Lefthand and Ralph Good Luck with drumstick [From Aaron Brien] Ralph Good Luck (Duuptakaish Chiwaakuush, High Bald Eagle) and Fredrick Left Hand (Seizes the Living Bison Bull).	June 1987
24/94	318(VI):351	A future arrow thrower at junior arrow throw competition, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/95	318(VI):352	Spectators at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/96	318(VI):353	Group photo at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Lodge Grass District champion arrow throwing.	June 1987
24/97	318(VI):354	District team tents at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/98	318(VI):355	Setting up goal for district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/99	318(VI):356	District arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/100	318(VI):357	District arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/101	318(VI):358	Contestants getting ready at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/102	318(VI):359	District arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/103	318(VI):360	Pryor district tent at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/104	318(VI):361	Frederick Lefthand at district arrow throw [From Aaron Brien] Frederick Left Hand (Seizes the Living Bison Bull), Arrow Throwing tourney. Lodge Grass, Montana.	1987
24/105	318(VI):362	Judge's stand at district arrow throw, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/106	318(VI):363	Seeing who won at district arrow toss, Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] This last throw was to see who won the District arrow throwing.	June 1987
24/107	318(VI):364	Cottonwood trees along Little Big Horn near Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
24/108	318(VI):365	Location where peyotists get sand for altar, north of Lodge Grass, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Puuxkalachiliá Alasáthe (Sand Creek). Some peyote church members come here to get sand for their alters. North of Lodge Grass, Montana.	1987
24/109	318(VI):366	Jim Old Crow and others at Lodge Grass camp	undated
24/110	318(VI):367	Catholic Church, Lodge Grass, Montana	undated
24/111	318(VI):368	Church of Latter Day Saints	undated
25/1	318(VI):369	Catholic Church [From Aaron Brien] Our Lady of Loretto Catholic Church, Lodge Grass, Montana.	undated
25/2	318(VI):370	Sign advertising sun dance	1987
25/3	318(VI):371	View of sun dance camp at Pryor, Montana	1986
25/4	318(VI):372	Sun dance at Pryor, Montana	1986
25/5	318(VI):373	Frederick Lefthand at sun dance, Pryor, Montana [From Aaron Brien] Fredrick Lefthand (Seizes the Living Bison Bull) at Pryor sundance. Pryor, Montana.	July 1986
25/6	318(VI):374	Ira Lefthand at sign advertising Sioux "cutting" sun dance [From Aaron Brien] Ira Lefthand's Crow name was" Chief Lazy." This name his dad Pete purchased from Dick Day Light.	1987
25/7		Some negative strips from sun dance giveaway and district arrow throw	1987
25/8		Negatives from district arrow throw photos, Lodge Grass, Montana	1987
	photo_number
25/9	318(VI):375	Robert Yellowtail in traditional dress [From Aaron Brien] Robert YellowTail (Biawakshash, summer)	undated
25/10	318(VI):376	Yellowtail Dam, Montana	July 18, 1987
25/11	318(VI):377	Landscape with low hills in background	1940
25/12	318(VI):378	Teepee in far background	1940
25/13	318(VI):379	IXL Ranch, Tongue River Canyon, WY	1940
25/14	318(VI):380	Unknown landscape	1940
25/15	318(VI):381	Unknown landscape [From Aaron Brien] Baahupuuo, shoot the rock. Commonly known as Castle rocks. These rocks are known to be the home of the "Little People." The story of the "Lost Boy and the Little People" explains this.	1940
25/16	318(VI):382	Line of people and cars in distant background	undated
25/17	318(VI):383	Line of people and cars in distant background	undated
25/18	318(VI):384	Unknown landscape featuring a lake	undated
25/19	318(VI):385	Unknown landscape	1940
25/20	318(VI):386	Look-out type view of unknown landscape	undated
25/21	318(VI):387	View of down slope	1940
25/22	318(VI):388	Cottonwood trees [From Aaron Brien] Two non-Indian children in grove of cottonwood trees.	1940
25/23	318(VI):389	View of semi-forested slopes	1940
25/24	318(VI):390	View of small hills above pasture [From Aaron Brien] View of the Castle rocks. Pryor, Montana.	1940
25/25	318(VI):391	Cottonwood trees	1940
25/26	318(VI):392	Cottonwood treetops	1940
25/27	318(VI):393	Distant view of vehicle on dirt road	1940
25/28	318(VI):394	Cattle in rough pasture with mountains in background [From Aaron Brien] Horse on rough pasture. Looks like the southern side of the Pryor Mountains.	1940
25/29	318(VI):395	Unknown landscape	1940
25/30	318(VI):396	Unknown landscape with sagebrush	1940
25/31	318(VI):397	Road through small trees and brush	1940
25/32	318(VI):398	Landscape	1940
25/33	318(VI):399	Landscape	1940
25/34	318(VI):400	Horse and barns	undated
25/35	318(VI):401	House among trees	undated
25/36	318(VI):402	Rock canyon	undated
25/37	318(VI):403	Possible old fire pit	1940
25/38	318(VI):404	Possible old fire pit	1940
25/39	318(VI):405	Six unknown people at table	undated
25/40	318(VI):406	Man, woman, and children	1940
25/41	318(VI):407	Lodge Grass grade school staff (includes Fred Voget)	circa 1940-1941
25/42	318(VI):408	Unidentified man and woman, Boulder, Montana	1942
25/43	318(VI):409	Man standing by remnants of teepee ring	undated
25/44	318(VI):410	Man sitting by pile of stones	undated
25/45	318(VI):411	Man standing on pile of stones	undated
25/46	318(VI):412	Man in distance	undated
25/47	318(VI):413	Bowl	undated
25/48	318(VI):414	Top view of bowl	undated
25/49	318(VI):415	Bowl	undated
25/50	318(VI):416	Bone and bead display	undated
25/51	318(VI):417	Arrowheads	undated
25/52	318(VI):418	Arrowheads	undated
25/53	318(VI):419	Arrowheads	undated
25/54	318(VI):420	Arrow or spear heads	undated
25/55	318(VI):421	Arrow or spear heads	undated
25/56	318(VI):422	Arrow or spear heads	undated
25/57	318(VI):423	Arrow or spear heads	undated
25/58	318(VI):424	Arrow or spear heads	undated
25/59	318(VI):425	Arrow or spear heads	undated
25/60	318(VI):426	Arrow or spear heads	undated
25/61	318(VI):427	Arrow or spear heads	undated
25/62	318(VI):428	Grinding stone	undated
25/63	318(VI):429	Ax heads	undated
25/64	318(VI):430	Ax heads	undated
25/65	318(VI):431	Ax head	undated
25/66	318(VI):432	Stone artifacts	undated
25/67	318(VI):433	Stone artifacts	undated
25/68	318(VI):434	Saddle	undated
25/69	318(VI):435	Saddle [From Aaron Brien] Indian saddle from top view.	undated
25/70	318(VI):436	Stones with carved dates and locations	undated
25/71	318(VI):437	Bowl and possible jewelry	undated
25/72	318(VI):438	Beaded tomahawk pendant	undated
25/73	318(VI):439	Beaded tomahawk pendant	undated
25/74	318(VI):440	Decorated and woven hide [From Aaron Brien] Painted raw parfleche.	undated
25/75	318(VI):441	Constructing sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Inside view of sundance lodge. From what I see it looks like the last major event to happen in the sundance. When a dancer ask someone to come in the lodge and pray from them just before everyone walks out together.	undated
25/76	318(VI):442	People outside of sun dance lodge	undated
25/77	318(VI):443	Horse in foreground, crowd gathered for sun dance	undated
25/78	318(VI):444	Seated and walking groups	undated
25/79	318(VI):445	Children observing adult conversations [From Aaron Brien] Give Away Ceremony, children in the foreground.	undated
25/80	318(VI):446	Men at center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Men praying at the Center Pole.	undated
25/81	318(VI):447	Men at center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Men praying at the Center Pole.	undated
25/82	318(VI):448	Men at center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Men dancing in lodge.	undated
25/83	318(VI):449	Two men at center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Old woman being doctored at the center pole.	undated
25/84	318(VI):450	Men at center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Men praying at the Center Pole. It is common for sundancers to pray while standing at the center pole. They pray to the creator for strength and also the for the reason they have decided to dance in the lodge.	undated
25/85	318(VI):451	Men at center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Men dancing in the lodge.	undated
25/86	318(VI):452	Full view of center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Men focused on the Center Pole while dancing. Many sundancers among the Apsaalooke are told "the Center Pole is everything you want in life, stay focused and always push through and you'll get it."	undated
25/87	318(VI):453	Men looking up at center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Men focused on the Center Pole while dancing.	undated
25/88	318(VI):454	Men at center pole in sun dance lodge	undated
25/89	318(VI):455	Men at center pole in sun dance lodge [From Aaron Brien] Dancing to the pole.	undated
26/1	318(VI):456	Caughnawaga men, mostly steelworkers home for the weekend	undated
26/2	318(VI):457	Two men standing outside of Chief Poking Fire Indian Museum, Caughnawaga, Quebec, Ontaria	1950
26/3	318(VI):458	Chief Poking Fire compound, Caughnawaga, Quebec, Ontario	1950
26/4	318(VI):459	Chief Poking Fire Museum, Caughnawaga, Quebec, Ontario	1950
26/5	318(VI):460	Entrance of Chief Poking Fire Museum, Caughnawaga, Quebec, Ontario	undated
26/6	318(VI):461	Two-story house, Six Nations	undated
26/7	318(VI):462	Min Jamieson with Chow dogs, Six Nations	undated
26/8	318(VI):463	Min Jamieson in Indian dress	circa 1963
26/9	318(VI):464	George Jamieson, Barbara, and Dave Moses, Six Nations	undated
26/10	318(VI):465	Jo Martin, his wife Maggie, and nephew at Caughnawaga home	1967
26/11	318(VI):466	Jo Martin in front of Caughnawaga long home	undated
26/12	318(VI):467	Mohawk school, Six Nations, Oshweken, Ontario	undated
26/13	318(VI):468	Crypt of Joseph Brant near Brantford, Ontario	undated
26/14	318(VI):469	Grandchildren of Chief Deskahe	circa 1963
26/15	318(VI):470	Children of Dave and Barbara Moses, Six Nations	circa 1962
26/16	318(VI):471	Church where 1703 Queen Anne's plate is held, Six Nations, near Brandford, Ontario	circa 1962
26/17	318(VI):472	Church where 1703 Queen Anne's plate is held, Six Nations, near Brandford, Ontario	circa 1962
26/18	318(VI):473	Old barn and wagon, Six Nations, Oshweken, Ontario	undated
26/19	318(VI):474	Nellie Scott, Arapahoe, with two dogs	undated
26/20	318(VI):475	Elk trained by Nellie Scott, Arapahoe	undated
26/21	318(VI):476	Nellie Scott, Arapahoe, in traditional dress	1948
26/22	318(VI):477	Nellie Scott (L) in traditional dress standing with unidentified woman	undated
26/23	318(VI):478	Hungerian Imre Nag in Cheyenne Indian attire with son, David, 6 years old	1987
26/24	318(VI):479	Group of Hungerian Plains Indians, Imre Nag (center) conducting marriage ceremony	1983
26/25	318(VI):480	Photo of war lodge drawing [From Aaron Brien] Photo of a War lodge (Ashdaache) drawing. In the Apsaalooke language the word Ashdaache means "the lodge that leans."	undated
26/26	318(VI):481	Photo of picture of defensive rifle pit	undated
26/27	318(VI):482	Unidentified crowd of people in front of church	circa 1950s
26/28	318(VI):483	Custer, two other white hunters, and Indian with grizzly bear carcass [From Aaron Brien] Bloody Knife, General Custer and William Ludlow (far right) kill grizzly bear. Black Hills.	1874
26/29	318(VI):484	White Arm's camp at Sheridan, Colorado Historical Society photo [From Aaron Brien] Apsaalooke Camp. This looks like a postcard of an early crow fair.	undated
26/30	318(VI):485	Postcard title "Crow Indian Village" [From Aaron Brien] Post card of Ashdaache (War Lodge).	October 16, 1941
26/31	318(VI):486	Postcard of war lodge	undated
26/32	318(VI):487	Postcard of Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill from photo originally taken in 1885	undated
26/33	318(VI):488	Postcard of Medicine Crow from photo originally taken in 1880 [From Aaron Brien] Medicine Crow (Paalatchiwaaxpaash or Sacred Raven.) War leader and Chief of the Kicked in the Belly Band of Apsaalooke.	undated
26/34	318(VI):489	Postcard of Swallow Bird, an Apsaroke Crow, from photo originally taken in 1908	undated
26/35	318(VI):490	Postcard of Crowchild, Shiptella, from photo originally taken in 1900	undated
26/36	318(VI):491	Postcard titled "How Custer Fell" [From Aaron Brien] White Man Runs Him, Hairy Moccasin, Curly and Goes Ahead. Apsaalooke Scouts stand near the place of Custer's death.	1913
26/37	318(VI):492	Postcard of Sitting Bull from photo originally taken in 1864	undated
26/38	318(VI):493	Card of "Lone Tree," an Apsaroke Crow from photo originally taken in 1908 [From Aaron Brien] Post Card of "Long Tree," an Apsaalooke man.	undated
26/39	318(VI):494	Postcard of Edward Sheriff Curtis from photo taken in 1899	undated
26/40	318(VI):495	Postcard of Native American woman	undated
26/41	318(VI):496	Postcard titled "The Circle"	undated
26/42	318(VI):497	Postcard titled "Kilauea by Day"	undated
26/43	318(VI):498	Postcard titled "Respect for Elders"	undated
26/44	318(VI):499	Postcard of wagon train on rocky mountain road	undated
26/45	318(VI):500	Postcard of Crow Indians posed in traditional dress	undated
26/46	318(VI):501	Postcard of Crow Indian wearing traditional dress, mounted on horse	undated
26/47	318(VI):502	Postcard of teepee	undated
26/48	318(VI):503	Cartoon-style postcard titled "Out Where the West Remains"	undated
26/49	318(VI):504	Postcard of bison, brown and white	undated
26/50	318(VI):505	Postcard titled "Southern Peaks of Presidential Range from Mt. Washington	undated
26/51	318(VI):506	Postcard of "Crow Indians Firing into the Agency" by Frederic Remington	undated
26/52	318(VI):507	Postcard of "Geronimo and his Band Returning from a Raid in Mexico," by Frederic Remington	undated
26/53	318(VI):508	Postcard of "Suspicious Guests" drawn by Henry F. Farny	undated
26/54	318(VI):509	Postcard of Crow Fair	1989
26/55	318(VI):510	German postcard of possible native head dress	undated
26/56	318(VI):511	German postcard of brightly colored native artifact	undated
26/57	318(VI):512	Postcard of two present day soldiers' bronze statues	undated
26/58	318(VI):513	Crow butchering buffalo, negative only	circa 1970s
26/59	318(VI):514	Two unidentified boys on horseback	undated
26/59	318(VI):515	Bobby Bends and Joe Medicine Crow unloading a truck	undated
26/59	318(VI):516	Lizzie Yellowtail and others sitting outside	undated
26/59	318(VI):517	Women and children sitting outside	undated
26/59	318(VI):518	Man and four children outside by fence	undated
26/59	318(VI):519	Man leaning on fence	undated
26/59	318(VI):520	House or cabin with clothesline in foreground	undated
26/59	318(VI):521	Donnie Deernose, Agnes Yellowtail, and their adopted son, Duane Bends	circa 1950s
26/59	318(VI):522	Lodge Grass, Montana street with Baptist Church in background	undated
26/59	318(VI):523	View of mountain peaks with snow	undated
26/59	318(VI):524	View of building	undated
26/59	318(VI):525	View of house in trees with car passing	undated
26/59	318(VI):526	View of building	undated
26/59	318(VI):527	View of urban house in trees	undated
26/59	318(VI):528	View of building	undated
26/59	318(VI):529	Man and woman seated on sofa	undated
26/59	318(VI):530	Cedric Walks Over Ice and boy standing outside	undated
26/59	318(VI):531	Man seated in armchair	undated
26/59	318(VI):532	View of church	undated
26/59	318(VI):533	Religious painting with priest on left	undated
26/60	318(VI):534	Man in shadow, house in background	undated
26/60	318(VI):535	Man in shadow, house in background	undated
26/60	318(VI):536	Man in shadow, house in background	undated
26/60	318(VI):537	Chokecherries drying	undated
26/60	318(VI):538	Unloading buffalo from stock trucks	circa 1973
26/60	318(VI):539	Kitchen crew in buffalo pasture	circa 1973
26/60	318(VI):540	People by tents	undated
26/60	318(VI):541	Vehicles in deep shadow	undated
26/60	318(VI):542	Marshall, Melvin, Frederick, and Anthony Left Hand standing by truck with Everett Whiteman	undated
26/60	318(VI):543	View of houses from hill	undated
26/60	318(VI):544	View of houses from hill	undated
26/60	318(VI):545	Distant view of man herding small number of cattle	undated
26/60	318(VI):546	Black Canyon Youth Camp	undated
26/60	318(VI):547	Black Canyon Youth Camp	undated
26/60	318(VI):548	Black Canyon Youth Camp	undated
26/60	318(VI):549	Peter Plenty Hawk standing by truck	undated
26/60	318(VI):550	Clothesline with unidentified objects in front of house	undated
26/60	318(VI):551	Partially constructed sun dance lodge	undated
26/60	318(VI):552	Tarp/covered pile in fenced enclosure	undated
26/60	318(VI):553	Lodge Grass High School	undated
26/61	318(VI):554	Older man and woman, both with braids, in front of house	undated
26/61	318(VI):555	Older man and woman, both with braids, in front of house	undated
26/61	318(VI):556	Older man with braids, seated	undated
26/61	318(VI):557	Overexposed photo of man and woman in front of house	undated
26/61	318(VI):558	Two men seated on bench	undated
26/61	318(VI):559	Woman typing	undated
26/61	318(VI):560	Woman typing	undated
26/61	318(VI):561	Blackfeet tribal office	undated
26/61	318(VI):562	Blackfeet tribal office	undated
26/61	318(VI):563	Cabin with trees in background	undated
26/61	318(VI):564	Distant view of house	undated
26/61	318(VI):565	View of building	undated
26/61	318(VI):566	View of downtown street	undated
26/61	318(VI):567	View of dirt road with houses	undated
26/61	318(VI):568	View of building	undated
26/61	318(VI):569	View of street	undated
26/61	318(VI):570	Man standing in front of doorway	undated
26/61	318(VI):571	Man and woman in front of tent and car	undated
26/61	318(VI):572	Three small children in front of house	undated
26/61	318(VI):573	Man on tractor	undated
26/62	318(VI):574	Man and woman on dirt path	undated
26/62	318(VI):575	Man on dirt path	undated
26/62	318(VI):576	Woman on dirt path	undated
26/62	318(VI):577	View of small houses	undated
26/62	318(VI):578	Man standing near stone monument	undated
26/62	318(VI):579	Station wagon in front of house	undated
26/62	318(VI):580	Small house	undated
26/62	318(VI):581	View of distant houses	undated
26/62	318(VI):582	View of distant houses	undated
26/62	318(VI):583	View of building with some snow	undated
26/62	318(VI):584	Woman leaving downtown building	undated
26/62	318(VI):585	Four children in front of houses	undated
26/62	318(VI):586	View of downtown street	undated
26/63	318(VI):587	Man in front of museum-type wall display	undated
26/63	318(VI):588	Man in front of museum-type wall display	undated
26/63	318(VI):589	Seated man taking notes	undated
26/63	318(VI):590	Seated man taking notes	undated
26/63	318(VI):591	Man at record player	undated
26/63	318(VI):592	Man at record player	undated
26/63	318(VI):593	Logs in front of shed	undated
26/63	318(VI):594	Logs by shed	undated
26/63	318(VI):595	Man on tractor	undated
26/63	318(VI):596	Man on tractor	undated
26/63	318(VI):597	Boys seated by pulley or winch	undated
26/63	318(VI):598	Pile of scrap lumber	undated
26/63	318(VI):599	Man posed by building	undated
26/63	318(VI):600	View of cabin at Pryor, Montana	undated
26/63	318(VI):601	William Big Day and his wife by house by house in Pryor, Montana	undated
26/63	318(VI):602	Teepee frame at Pryor, Montana	undated
26/63	318(VI):603	Man in front of stone monument	undated
26/63	318(VI):604	Cattle in pasture	undated
26/63	318(VI):605	Little Big Horn Battlefield, Montana	undated
26/63	318(VI):606	Little Big Horn Battlefield, Montana	undated
26/64	318(VI):607	Three children	undated
26/64	318(VI):608	Bends family	undated
26/64	318(VI):609	Man with three children	undated
26/64	318(VI):610	Adlow Harris and children	undated
26/64	318(VI):611	Joe Medicine Crow	undated
26/64	318(VI):612	John Whiteman and Amy with the Fritterer brothers in front of house	undated
26/64	318(VI):613	Small boy	undated
26/64	318(VI):614	Three children	undated
26/64	318(VI):615	Man seated on sofa	undated
26/64	318(VI):616	Priest standing by small boy	undated
26/64	318(VI):617	Adlow Harris with baby and two children	undated
26/64	318(VI):618	Woman on swing set	undated
26/64	318(VI):619	Seated man	undated
26/64	318(VI):620	Five unidentified adults	undated
26/64	318(VI):621	Man and woman in traditional Native American attire	undated
26/64	318(VI):622	Children in truck	undated
26/64	318(VI):623	House and shed	undated
26/64	318(VI):624	Row of houses	undated
26/64	318(VI):625	Church	undated
26/64	318(VI):626	Building	undated
26/65	318(VI):627	Residential street	undated
26/65	318(VI):628	Trees	undated
26/65	318(VI):629	Parade float	circa 1950s
26/65	318(VI):630	House and barn in the distance	undated
26/65	318(VI):631	Houses in the distance	undated
26/65	318(VI):632	Houses	undated
26/65	318(VI):633	Joe Blaine, Matthew Good Luck, Steve Bird, Herbert Blanc, and Josephine Gets Down drumming	undated
26/66	318(VI):634	Man with child in stroller	undated
26/66	318(VI):635	Man holding child	undated
26/66	318(VI):636	Boy and toddler	undated
26/66	318(VI):637	Man and boy	undated
26/66	318(VI):638	Four children	undated
26/66	318(VI):639	Five children	undated
26/66	318(VI):640	Two men in shadow, seated in front of blackboard	undated
26/66	318(VI):641	Audience in shadow	undated
26/66	318(VI):642	Three people seated at desk	undated
26/66	318(VI):643	Three people seated at desk	undated
26/66	318(VI):644	Audience	undated
26/66	318(VI):645	House	undated
26/66	318(VI):646	House	undated
26/66	318(VI):647	Men standing outside of building	undated
26/66	318(VI):648	Large white house	undated
26/66	318(VI):649	Small yellow house	undated
26/66	318(VI):650	Arrow throw competition	undated
26/66	318(VI):651	Arrow throw competition	undated
26/66	318(VI):652	Five adults posed in front of store	undated
26/66	318(VI):653	Two people on horseback visiting with two other people	undated
26/67	318(VI):654	Clara Bends, Agnes Yellowtail, Feral Ease, Bill Ease, and three children posed in front of Crow Indian Baptist Mission	undated
26/67	318(VI):655	White house with fence	undated
26/67	318(VI):656	Two people on horseback visiting with woman and two children	undated
26/67	318(VI):657	Boy	undated
26/67	318(VI):658	Log house	undated
26/67	318(VI):659	Two women seated on bench	undated
26/67	318(VI):670	Distant view of truck, corrals, and shed	undated
26/67	318(VI):671	Two men on horseback and three cars	undated
26/67	318(VI):672	Castle Rocks, Pryor, Montana	undated
26/67	318(VI):673	Castle Rocks, Pryor, Montana	undated
26/67	318(VI):674	Man by loaded truck	undated
26/67	318(VI):675	Tarp covered mound	undated
26/67	318(VI):676	Crow Agency BIA	undated
26/67	318(VI):677	People seated in shadow	undated
26/67	318(VI):678	Teepee and tent	undated
26/67	318(VI):679	Man on porch in shadow	undated
26/67	318(VI):680	Man in front of small house	undated
26/67	318(VI):681	Man in front of porch	undated
26/67	318(VI):682	Man in field by gray house	undated
26/67	318(VI):683	Man in field by gray house	undated
26/68	318(VI):684	Crow sun dance preparatory dance, Tom Yellowtail, medicine man, and Thomas Lion Shows, sponsor	1975
26/68	318(VI):685	Praying and singing over center pole before raising	1975
26/68	318(VI):686	Veteran Joe Blaine marking pole with charcoal	1975
26/68	318(VI):687	Dancer in traditional Crow sun dance attire	undated
26/68	318(VI):688	Marshall and Ira Lefthand	circa 1976
26/68	318(VI):689	Three Crow boys on horses	1975
26/68	318(VI):690	Six Nations band	undated
26/69	318(VI):691	Spear Siding above Lodge Grass, Montana	undated
26/69	318(VI):692	Poles for dance stalls, Crow sun dance	1975
26/69	318(VI):693	People gathered inside sun dance lodge	1975
26/69	318(VI):694	Man in street clothes seated in lodge	1975
26/69	318(VI):695	Overexposed view inside sun dance lodge	1975
26/69	318(VI):696	Joe Alden, Retard Carter, and others at sunrise service on last day	1975
26/69	318(VI):697	Overexposed view of people inside sun dance lodge	1975
26/69	318(VI):698	Overexposed view of people inside sun dance lodge	1975
26/69	318(VI):699	Overexposed view of people inside sun dance lodge	1975
26/69	318(VI):700	People entering sun dance lodge	1975
26/69	318(VI):701	Sun dancers getting soup and soda pop after dance	1975
26/69	318(VI):702	Sun dancer in front of car	1975
26/69	318(VI):703	Man seated in shadow	1975
26/69	318(VI):704	People outside sun dance lodge	1975
26/69	318(VI):705	People standing and seated by car	undated
26/69	318(VI):706	People outside of sun dance lodge	undated
26/69	318(VI):707	John Truhujo standing in front of tents	undated
26/69	318(VI):708	James Bear Below and Gladys Ann Littleness seated under canopy	undated
26/69	318(VI):709	People around table by white house	undated
26/70	318(VI):710	Janice Old Crow with child in river	undated
26/70	318(VI):711	Three children in Little Big Horn River	undated
26/70	318(VI):712	Child in Little Big Horn River	undated
26/70	318(VI):713	Janice Old Crow rinsing pants in Little Big Horn River	undated
26/70	318(VI):714	Frederick Left Hand and three children in Little Big Horn River	undated
26/70	318(VI):715	Four children in Little Big Horn River	undated
26/70	318(VI):716	One person in Little Big Horn River	undated
26/70	318(VI):717	Boy riding bareback	undated
26/70	318(VI):718	Truck by portable outhouse	undated
26/70	318(VI):719	Boy and horse in front of rickety cabin	undated
26/70	318(VI):720	Two men and two horses, one man shoeing horse	undated
26/70	318(VI):721	Man shoeing horse	undated
26/70	318(VI):722	Crow Fair arena with bucking bull in center	undated
26/70	318(VI):723	Crow Fair arena with racing horses coming in on far side	undated
26/70	318(VI):724	Crow Fair arena with racing horse coming in on far side	undated
26/70	318(VI):725	Crow Fair arena with bucking bull in center	undated
26/70	318(VI):726	Sunset shot with Wolf Mountains in very distant background	undated
26/70	318(VI):727	Sunset shot with Wolf Mountains in very distant background	undated
26/70	318(VI):728	Very distant shot of fire at treetop level	undated
26/70	318(VI):729	Very distant shot of fire at treetop level	undated
26/71	318(VI):730	Yellow robe, first recipient of Pete Lefthand Award	undated
26/71	318(VI):731	Sunset shot by water	undated
26/71	318(VI):732	Statue of man and horse in Cody, Wyoming	undated
26/71	318(VI):733	Gathering of people in shadows	undated
26/71	318(VI):734	Joe Medicine Crow	undated
26/71	318(VI):735	Man, woman, and boy in foreground	undated
26/71	318(VI):736	Santa Maria	undated

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

Blackfeet Indians
Crow Indians--Photographs
Crow Indians
Crow Indians--Rites and ceremonies
Crow language
Indians of North America
Iroquois Indians
Shoshoni Indians
Siksika Indians

Form or Genre Terms

Photographs

Occupations

Anthropologists--United States
Ethnologists--United States

Archives West Finding Aid

Table of Contents

Fred W. Voget Papers, 1935-1996

Overview of the Collection

Biographical NoteReturn to Top

Content DescriptionReturn to Top

Use of the CollectionReturn to Top

Restrictions on Use

Preferred Citation

Administrative InformationReturn to Top

Arrangement

Custodial History

Acquisition Information

Processing Note

Detailed Description of the CollectionReturn to Top

Series I: General Anthropology and Native American research , undatedReturn to Top

Series II: Crow Indian research , 1936-1995Return to Top

Series III: Field research notebooks , 1949-1993Return to Top

Series IV: Crow language research , undatedReturn to Top

Series V: Writings , 1935-1996Return to Top

Series VI: Photos , 1939-1989Return to Top

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

Form or Genre Terms

Occupations

Finding aid prepared by Teresa Hamann
2001

Archives West Finding Aid

Table of Contents

Fred W. Voget Papers, 1935-1996

Overview of the Collection

Biographical NoteReturn to Top

Content DescriptionReturn to Top

Use of the CollectionReturn to Top

Restrictions on Use

Preferred Citation

Administrative InformationReturn to Top

Arrangement

Custodial History

Acquisition Information

Processing Note

Detailed Description of the CollectionReturn to Top

Series I: General Anthropology and Native American research , undatedReturn to Top

Series II: Crow Indian research , 1936-1995Return to Top

Series III: Field research notebooks , 1949-1993Return to Top

Series IV: Crow language research , undatedReturn to Top

Series V: Writings , 1935-1996Return to Top

Series VI: Photos , 1939-1989Return to Top

Names and SubjectsReturn to Top

Subject Terms

Form or Genre Terms

Occupations

Finding aid prepared by Teresa Hamann 2001

Finding aid prepared by Teresa Hamann
2001