Archives West Finding Aid
Table of Contents
- Overview of the Collection
-
Historical Note
- Content Description
- Administrative Information
-
Detailed Description of the Collection
- Series I: History
- Series II: Administration: Board of Deacons
- Series III: Administration: Board of Trustees
- Series IV: Pastors
- Series V: The Session
- Series VI: Finances
- Series VII: The Congregation
- Series VIII: Bulletins and Newsletters
- Series IX: Sunday School
- Series X: Women's Circles and Societies
- Series XI: Sermons on Tape by the Rev. Keith E. Beebe (unless otherwise noted)
- Series XII: Legal Size Records
- Names and Subjects
Records of Knox Presbyterian Church (Spokane, Wash.), 1888-1999
Overview of the Collection
- Creator
- Knox Presbyterian Church (Spokane, Wash.)
- Title
- Records of Knox Presbyterian Church (Spokane, Wash.)
- Dates
- 1888-1999 (inclusive)18881999
- Quantity
- 7 linear ft., (7 boxes)
- Collection Number
- PNW Protestantism Collection K
- Summary
- Records of Knox Presbyterian Church including minutes of the Session, Trustees, Deacons and the various organizations within the congregation. The church has a distinguished history dating from 1888.
- Repository
-
Whitworth University Archives and Special Collections
Whitworth University Archives and Special Collections
300 W. Hawthorne Road
Spokane, WA 99251
Telephone: 5097774481
archives@whitworth.edu - Access Restrictions
-
Collection is open for research use.
- Languages
- English
Historical NoteReturn to Top
The rapid growth of the north side of Spokane, Washington caught the attention of the Reverend Thomas Watson, pastor of First Presbyterian Church. He and Howard Stratton decided to do something about it. Watson, Stratton and a few others met together on January 27, 1888 and again on February 3, 1888. At the latter meeting Centenary Church was organized. It was incorporated on March 23, 1888 with nineteen members. Its first pastor was the Reverend Herbert G. Dennison. Of special interest was the founding in Centenary Church of “Father’s Day” at the suggestion of Sonora Smart Dodd. The first observance was held on June 10, 1910 and it has been celebrated nationwide ever since.
The Centenary Church at Sinto Avenue and Wall Street was partially destroyed by fire on March 2, 1917. Ground was broken May 17th for a new edifice at Knox Avenue and Post Street with the name changed to Knox Presbyterian Church in honor of John Knox, the founder of Presbyterianism. The first service was held in the new building on November 11, 1917, less than six months from the time of groundbreaking. On December 1, 1918 the Reverend W. S. Middlemass of Red Wing, Minnesota was called at a salary of $1800 and free use of the manse. At the end of 1918 church membership was 338 and the outstanding indebtedness was $12,000. After Mr. Middlemass left, the Reverend Charles F. Koehler served from 1923 until 1946. His ministry was notable for 34 young people who went into various forms of full-time service for Christ. On February 17, 1957 a remodeled church was dedicated. The structure included new east and west entrances , extensive alterations to the sanctuary and educational units, and electrical and heating improvements.
The Reverend Leigh P. Taylor began the second longest pastorate at Knox Church on August 1, 1967. His coming inaugurated one change in the relationship between church and pastor. He was offered the choice of the use of the manse or a manse allowance. He accepted the allowance and served the church for 23 years. He became very involved in the establishment and progress of “Operation Nightwalk” which began in October 1970. Spokane ministers took turns walking the streets of downtown Spokane at night to be available to individuals with problems of homelessness and despair. In 1980 the Reverend Joel Crosby began his ministry at Knox. His tenure included the formation of a “Trainee” ministry to conduct an active ministry with children, youth and adults during summer times. The program was supplemented by an “Enabler” ministry in which employed young people were encouraged to give spare time to church service. The history of Knox Church would not be complete without mention of the unique ministry of Albert Arend. He was born June 5, 1900 and joined Knox Church in 1910. At age 22 he became an elder of Knox Church. During the years that followed he spearheaded the Christian Endeavor movement at the church. Of special interest also is the correspondence relating to the rescue of the Reverend Leon I. Rosenberg from Nazi persecution in Lodz, Poland just before WWII.
Content DescriptionReturn to Top
Section - Box; Introduction and Inventory - 1; History - 1; 1988 Centennial Celebration - 1; Board of Deacons - 1; Board of Trustees - 1,2; Pastors - 2; Session - 2,3; Finances - 3; The Congregation - 3; Bulletins and Newsletters - 3,4; Sunday School - 4; Women’s Circles and Societies - 4; Worship - 4; Sermons on Tapes - 5; Legal Size Folders - 6; Oversize - 7; Panoramic Photographs - 7; Albert Arend’s Scrapbook - 7
Use of the CollectionReturn to Top
Preferred Citation
From the Records of Knox Presbyterian Church (Spokane, Wash.); located in the Whitworth University Archives; Spokane, Washington
Administrative InformationReturn to Top
Detailed Description of the CollectionReturn to Top
The following section contains a detailed listing of the materials in the collection.
Series I: HistoryReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
1/1 | Introduction and Inventory |
|
1/2 | Organizational Meeting: Centenary Church |
Jan. 27, 1888 |
1/3 | The Brotherhood |
1911-1913 |
1/4 | Newsletter: “The Century No. 1" |
Sep. 1888 |
1/5 | Manuals |
1910, 1912-1913, 1916 |
1/6 | History of the Church |
1913, 1917 |
1/7 | Deeds, Contracts, Insurance Policies and Other Papers |
Undated |
1/8 | History: Knox Presbyterian Church |
Undated |
1/9 | History: Knox Presbyterian Church |
Feb. 21, 1913-Aug. 1932 |
1/10 | Mrs. E. A. McKenzie’s Memories of Centenary and Knox Presbyterian Churches |
Feb. 10, 1922 |
1/11 | Golden Anniversary |
Feb. 6, 1938- Feb. 18, 1938 |
1/12 | World War II Military Participation Flag |
194_? |
1/13 | 60th Anniversary |
Mar. 1948 |
1/14 | Purchase of a New Manse |
Sep. 5, 1950 |
1/15 | 65th Anniversary |
Nov. 18, 1953 |
1/16 | Building Expansion |
Feb. 17, 1957 |
1/17 | Building Expansion: “Progress Campaign” |
1959 |
1/18 | 75th Anniversary |
Feb. 8, 1963 |
1/19 | 75th Anniversary: “The Light That Never Goes Out”, a Pageant |
1963 |
1/20 | 75th Anniversary: Correspondence |
Sep. 25, 1962- Apr. 10, 1963 |
1/21 | Dedication of George Hendrick Memorial Lodge |
Sep. 17, 1965 |
1/22 | Fathers’ Day Founding |
June 13, 1967 |
1/23 | Albert Arend Day |
Apr. 14, 1972 |
1/24 | History |
May 17, 1983 |
1/25-44 | Centennial Celebration |
1888-1988 |
1/45 | “Scrapbook: Glimpses of Knox’s Heritage” |
Undated |
Series II: Administration: Board of DeaconsReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
1/46 | Reports |
Apr. 4, 1938- Apr. 6, 1938 |
1/47 | Memorials |
1983-1988 |
1/48 | Minutes |
Jan. 1964- Jan. 1973 |
Series III: Administration: Board of TrusteesReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
1/49 | By Laws; Memoranda and Records |
June 18, 1917 1933-1952 |
1/50 | Reports |
Apr. 8, 1936- Mar. 31, 1940 |
1/51 | Reports |
1941 |
1/52 | Minutes |
|
1/53 | Minutes |
|
1/54 | Minutes |
|
2/1 | Minutes |
|
2/2 | Minutes |
Series IV: PastorsReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
2/3 | Listing |
1988- |
2/4 | Rev. Joel Crosby |
1980-1987 |
2/5 | Rev. ___ Edgar |
1955 |
2/6 | Rev. George Hendrick |
1955-1961 |
2/7 | Rev. Dr. W. A. Hunter |
Undated |
2/8 | Rev. Dr. Charles F. Koehler |
1923-1946 |
2/9 | Rev. Dr. Mark L. Koehler, President of Whitworth College |
Undated |
2/10 | Rev. John B. MacDonald |
1946-1955 |
2/11 | Rev. W. S. Middlemass |
1918-1923 |
2/12 | Rev. William J. Tatum |
1962-1966 |
2/13 | Rev. Leigh P. Taylor |
1967-1979 |
2/14 | Rev. Melvin R. Unruh |
1962 |
Series V: The SessionReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
2/15 | Correspondence/Reports to Session |
Apr. 24, 1944- May 1946 |
2/16 | Correspondence re Rescue of the Rev. Leon T. Rosenberg from Nazi Persecution
in Lodz, Poland |
Aug. 14, 1937- Oct. 23, 1940 |
2/17 | Minutes |
Feb. 10, 1888- Mar. 15, 1896 |
2/18 | Minutes |
Apr. 21, 1896- Apr. 3, 1907 |
2/19 | Minutes |
July 24, 1907- Apr. 24, 1912 |
2/20 | Minutes |
Apr. 22, 1912- Oct. 2, 1923 |
2/21 | Minutes |
Oct. 7, 1923- Apr. 3, 1946 |
2/22 | Minutes |
Apr. 3, 1946- Dec. 21, 1952 |
2/23 | Minutes |
Jan. 29, 1957- Dec. 22, 1963 |
2/24 | Minutes |
Jan. 7, 1964- Dec. 27, 1972 |
2/25 | Minutes |
Jan. 9, 1973- May 9, 1983 |
2/26 | Minutes |
May 23, 1983- Nov. 20, 1988 |
2/27 | Minutes |
Dec. 13, 1988- Aug. 20, 1996 |
2/28 | Personnel Policies |
Dec. 1981; Oct. 1985 |
2/29 | Correspondence re Controversial Issues |
1991 |
2/30 | Correspondence, Missionary |
Undated |
2/31 | Dismission/Reception of Members |
May 18, 1918- Oct. 28, 1928 |
2/32 | Dismission/Reception of Members |
Jan. 20, 1929- June 31, 1929 |
2/33 | Dismission/Reception of Members |
Sep. 22, 1939- Sep. 7, 1949 |
2/34 | Dismission/Reception of Members |
Dec. 12, 1962- Apr. 27, 1970 |
3/1 | Presbytery Meeting and Apportionment Notices |
1943-1946 |
3/2 | Statistical Reports |
1928, 1946-47, 1955-1994 |
Series VI: FinancesReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
3/3 | Bequests |
Undated |
3/4 | Capital Funds |
1985 |
3/5 | Capital Funds |
1986 |
3/6 | Capital Funds |
1987 |
3/7 | Capital Funds |
1988 |
3/8 | Corporate Resolutions for Borrowing Money |
1957 |
3/9 | Capital Funds for the Purchase of an Organ |
1989 |
3/10 | Capital Funds for the Purchase of an Organ |
1990 |
3/11 | Capital Funds |
1991-1993 |
3/12 | Church Construction Loan |
1917 |
3/13 | Deed: Alice Clark Sullivan |
Jan. 16, 1965 |
3/14 | Donations toward Missions |
Undated |
3/15 | Indentures, Mortgages, Deeds |
1888-1946 |
3/16 | Manse |
1946-1947 |
3/17 | Insurance |
1958-1959 |
3/18 | Investments |
Undated |
3/19 | Option to Purchase Davis Lake Property |
Sep. 13, 1956 |
3/20 | Payroll |
1980-1986 |
3/21 | Real Estate Taxes |
1965 |
3/22 | Treasurer’s Reports |
Apr.1, 1926- Mar. 31, 1927 |
3/23 | Treasurer’s Reports to Session |
Apr. 1944- May 1946 |
3/24 | Budgets (Fragmentary) |
1920-1946 |
3/25 | Women’s Society Report |
1924 |
Series VII: The CongregationReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
3/26 | Annual Meeting Reports |
1945, 1946, 1952-1954 |
3/27 | Annual Report |
Apr. 2, 1941 |
3/28 | Annual Reports to the Congregation |
1982-1984 |
3/29 | Annual Reports to the Congregation |
1953-1964 |
3/30 | Accessions |
1917 |
3/31 | Directory and Handbook |
Undated |
3/32 | Church Register |
1888-1919 |
3/33 | Church Register |
1888-1908 |
3/34 | “The New Church Register” |
1920-1954 |
3/35 | Rolls |
1936-1943 |
3/36 | Membership |
1917 |
3/37 | Membership Directory and Handbook |
1921 |
3/38 | Membership Directory |
1966 |
3/39 | Membership Directory |
Undated, 1980 |
3/40 | Membership Directory |
1988 |
3/41 | Membership Directory |
1994 |
3/42 | Membership Directory |
Mar. 1997 |
Series VIII: Bulletins and NewslettersReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
3/43 | Sunday Bulletins |
Apr. 28, 1918, Mar. 21, 1920, Feb. 20, 1921- June 1, 1924 |
3/44 | Sunday Bulletins (Fragmentary) |
1932-1939 |
3/45 | Sunday Bulletins (Fragmentary) |
1941-1949 |
3/46 | Sunday Bulletins (Fragmentary) |
1950-1957 |
3/47 | Sunday Bulletins (Fragmentary) |
1960-1964 |
4/1 | Services and Directory of Organizations |
1943- |
4/2 | Miscellaneous |
Apr. 14, 1920- Jan. 1, 1948 |
4/3 | Music |
1930 s |
4/4 | Knox News (Fragmentary) |
1931-1971 |
4/5 | Life at Knox |
Jan. 18, 1995- Dec. 31, 1995 |
4/6 | Life at Knox |
Jan. 7, 1996- Mar. 24, 1996 |
4/7 | The Knox Connection |
Sep. 1997- Dec. 1997 |
4/8 | Newspaper Clippings |
Undated |
4/9 | Photographs and Negatives |
Undated |
Series IX: Sunday SchoolReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
4/10 | Bible Conference |
Undated |
4/11 | Gleaners’ Class: Policy re Prayer Chain, Funeral and Temporary Emergency
Meals |
Apr. 7, 1992 |
4/12 | Gleaners Class Treasurer’s Records |
1994 |
4/13 | Gleaners Class Treasurer’s Records |
1995 |
4/14 | Hymns for Primary Worship (Philadelphia, PA, The Westminister
Press) |
1946 |
4/15 | Imogene Humphrey, Primary Hymnal (Cincinnati, OH, The Standard Publishing
Co.) |
1947 |
4/16 | Treasurer’s Record |
Apr. 1, 1929- Mar. 31, 1930 |
4/17 | Knox Men’s Club: Minutes |
Mar. 1928- Sep. 25, 1941 |
Series X: Women's Circles and SocietiesReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
4/18 | Margaret M. McClure Circle: Minutes |
Oct. 16, 1979- June 18, 1995 |
4/19 | Margaret M. McClure Circle: Minutes |
Sep. 17, 1985- Sep. 19, 1989 |
4/20 | Maude Robinson Chapter: Treasurer’s Record |
Apr. 13, 1939- Dec. 21, 1949 |
4/21 | Whatsoever Circle: Minutes |
Feb. 27, 1928- Jan. 9, 1953 |
4/22 | Whatsoever Guild: Minutes See also one page of the Annual Report of Knox
Church to the General Assembly, Christian Education, Dec. 31, 1953 |
Apr. 16, 1934- June 1, 1943 |
4/23 | Women’s Society: Minutes |
Mar. 10, 1920- Feb. 20, 1923 |
4/24 | Women’s Association: Board Minutes |
Mar. 8, 1923- June 11, 1931 |
4/25 | Women’s Association: Board Minutes |
Apr. 9, 1942- Nov. 27, 1947 |
4/26 | Women’s Association: Correspondence and Gift Receipts |
1965-1989 |
4/27 | Hymns for Fellowship |
Undated |
4/28 | Membership Directories |
1980-1985 |
4/29 | Membership Directories |
1987 |
4/30 | Retreat |
Sep. 2, 1965 |
4/31 | Yearbooks |
1980, 1981 |
4/32 | Women’s Missionary Society: Minutes |
Sep. 21, 1898- Jan. 10, 1908 |
4/33 | Women’s Missionary Society: Minutes |
Feb. 14, 1908- Jan. 9, 1914 |
4/34 | Christian Endeavor Activities |
1934 |
4/35 | Christian Endeavor: News |
Nov. 1931- May, 1936 |
Series XI: Sermons on Tape by the Rev. Keith E. Beebe (unless otherwise noted)Return to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
5/1 | “Renew” (Joshua Bruns) “Attitudes of a Kingdom Disciple” “Actions of a
Kingdom Disciple” “Attitudes of a Kingdom Disciple” “What is our mission?” “Pursue
your mission.” “Pursue your mission: Build up!” _____ (Rev. David Dobler) |
Jan. 4, 1998; Jan. 11, 1998; Jan. 18, 1998; Jan. 25, 1998; Feb. 1, 1998; Feb. 8, 1998; Feb. 15, 1998; Feb. 22, 1998 |
5/2 | “Intimate Relationship” “Passionate Devotion” “”Radical Dependence (Not
Available) “Abundant Grace” “Confident Obedience” “God’s Appointed Hour” “When Seeing
Is Believing” “Radical Dependence” “Go for it!” “When Your Care Becomes a Cathedral” |
Mar. 1, 1998; Mar. 8, 1998; Mar. 15, 1998; Mar. 22, 1998; Mar. 29, 1998; Apr. 5, 1998; Apr. 12, 1998; Apr. 15, 1998; Apr. 19, 1998; Apr. 26, 1998 |
5/3 | “A Highland Handshake” (David Ingraham) “Spirit Encouraged” “Spirit Equipped”
(Missing) “Spirit Employed” “Spirit Empowered” Youth Sunday “Heart of a Servant”
(Joshua Bruns) “Recreating the Body” (Matt Edminster) “Mission Trip Reflections” |
May. 3, 1998; May 10, 1998; May 17, 1998; May 24, 1998; May 31, 1998; June 7, 1998; June 14, 1998; June 21, 1998; June 28, 1998 |
5/4 | “The Power of Communion” “Ready or not?” “Weeding Out or Weeding In?” “What
difference does it make?” _____ (Greg Haley) _____(Terry McGonigal) _____(Greg Carter)
“Moses, the Heart of a Friend” “Touchstones of Friendship” |
July 5, 1998; July 12, 1998; July 19, 1998; July 26, 1998; Aug. 2, 1998; Aug. 9, 1998; Aug. 16, 1998; Aug. 23, 1998; Aug. 30, 1998 |
5/5 | “Cultivating Friendship with God” “Receiving the Promise” “Confirming the
Promise” “Acting Upon God’s Promise” “Acknowledging God’s Promise” (Missing) “Walk
humbly.” (Rev. Matt Edminster) “Identifying with God’s People” “Taking Hold of God’s
Promise” |
Sep. 6, 1998; Sep. 13, 1998; Sep. 20, 1998; Sep. 27, 1998; Oct. 4, 1998; Oct. 11, 1998; Oct. 18, 1998; Oct. 25, 1998 |
5/6 | “Compromising the Promise” “Persevering in the Promise” “Prospering in God’s
Promise” “People of Promise” “When Hope Breaks Through” “Surprised by the Promise”
“Pursuing the Promise” “Beholding God’s Promise” “Touched by an Angel: the Real Story”
“A Time for Reflection" |
Nov. 1, 1998; Nov. 8, 1998; Nov. 15, 1998; Nov. 22, 1998; Nov. 29, 1998; Dec. 6, 1998; Dec. 13, 1998; Dec. 20, 1998; Dec. 24, 1998; Dec. 27, 1998 |
5/7 | “Get changed, get together, get going!” “Souls Chained Together” (Rev. Terry
McGonigal) “Good News at Brook Besor” (Terry McGonigal) “One All Concerning Passion”
(Roger Mohrlang) “Character That Makes a Difference” “The Spirit-driven Church”
“Prayer That Changes the World” “Moving Beyond Failure and Limitations” “When the
Spirit Comes in Power” |
Jan. 3, 1999; Jan. 10, 1999; Jan. 17, 1999; Jan. 24, 1999; Jan. 31, 1999; Feb. 7, 1999; Feb. 14, 1999; Feb. 22, 1999; Feb. 28, 1999 |
5/8 | “Signs of the Times” “More Than a Mere Man” “A Life-changing Encounter”
“Preparing Our Defense” “Keys to Effective Ministry” “Facing the Tragedies of` Life” |
Mar. 7, 1999; Mar. 14, 1999; Apr. 4, 1999; Apr. 11, 1999; Apr. 18, 1999; Apr. 25, 1999 |
5/9 | “The Blessings of Turning to God” “Standing Strong Through Adversity” “Prayer
That Shakes the World” “Living the Power of Pentecost” “Keeping Fellowship with One
Another” “The Way of Wisdom” “Like a Lump of Clay” (Joshua Bruns) _____ Neil Horner
“Restoring the Way of Righteousness” |
May 2, 1999; May 9, 1999; May 16, 1999; May 23, 1999; May 30, 1999; June 6, 1999; June 13, 1999; June 20, 1999; June 27, 1999 |
5/10 | “Come to His table.” “The Power of Generosity” “Living with Integrity”
“Choosing Obedience” “Blueprint for a Growing Fellowship” “The Church on the Growing
Edge” “They are us.” “The Character of a Spiritual Leader” “The Way of a Spiritual
Leader” |
July 4, 1999; July 11, 1999; July 18, 1999; July 25, 1999; Aug. 1, 1999; Aug. 8, 1999; Aug. 15, 1999; Aug. 22, 1999; Aug. 29, 1999 |
5/11 | “The Heart of a Spiritual Leader” “The Power to Prevail” “Being Transformed
by Jesus” “A Divine Appointment” “Getting in the Way” “A Portrait of an Encourager”
“Signs of Spiritual Strength” “Ministering to Others in Jesus’ Name” “Surprised by the
Voice of God” |
Sep. 5, 1999; Sep. 12, 1999; Sep. 19, 1999; Sep. 26, 1999; Oct. 3, 1999; Oct. 10, 1999; Oct. 17, 1999; Oct. 24, 1999; Oct. 31, 1999 |
5/12 | “Surprised by the Power of the Spirit” “Experiencing the Fullness of God’s
Blessing” “Praying with Expectancy” “The Bridegroom Shall Appear” “The Master shall
return.” “The Lord our judge shall come.” “Carriers of the Light” (Children’s Musical)
Christmas Eve _____ The Rev. Lori Pfursich |
Nov. 7, 1999; Nov. 14, 1999; Nov. 21, 1999; Nov. 28, 1999; Dec. 5, 1999; Dec. 12, 1999; Dec. 19, 1999; Dec. 24, 1999; Dec. 26, 1999 |
Series XII: Legal Size RecordsReturn to Top
Container(s) | Description | Dates |
---|---|---|
Box/Folder | ||
6/1 | Cash Book |
1912-1917 |
6/2 | Cash Book |
1929-1939 |
6/3 | Ledger |
1926-1929 |
6/4 | Photographs |
Undated |
6/5 | Fowler Memorial Circle: Minutes |
Jan. 12, 1968- Apr. 2, 1981 |
6/6 | Women’s Association: Board Minutes |
June 2, 1966- June 8, 1982 |
6/7 | Women’s Association: Board Minutes |
Sep. 7, 1982- Feb. 18, 1992 |
7/1 | History: Panoramic Photographs |
Undated |
7/2 | Scrapbook: Albert Arend |
1928-1951 |
Names and SubjectsReturn to Top
Subject Terms
- Church development, New
- Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.
- Protestantism--History
Personal Names
- Arend, Albert
- Beebe, Keith I. (Rev.)
- Dodd, Sonora Smart
- Koehler, Charles F. (Rev.)
- Koehler, Mark L. (Rev.)
- Rosenberg, Leon I. (Rev.)
Corporate Names
- Centenary Presbyterian Church--Spokane (Wash.)
- Knox Presbyterian Church--Spokane (Wash.)--Archives
- Whitworth College
Geographical Names
- Spokane (Wash.)
Form or Genre Terms
- >Church records and registers
Occupations
- Clergy